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Thermochemistry Exercise

Chemistry

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ilhamuna
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22 views2 pages

Thermochemistry Exercise

Chemistry

Uploaded by

ilhamuna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEM ACE 2022: THERMOCHEMISTRY

1(a) Toluene, C6H5CH3 is used in the manufacture of explosives such as TNT (trinitrotoluene).
A 1.500 g of sample liquid toluene was placed in a bomb calorimeter along with excess
oxygen. When the combustion of the toluene was initiated, the temperature of the
calorimeter rose from 25.00 oC to 26.41 oC. The mass of water in the calorimeter is 1.0 kg
and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 40.06 kJ oC-1.
(i) How many joules of heat liberated in this experiment?
(ii) Determine the standard enthalpy of combustion of toluene
(iii) Write the thermochemical equation for combustion of toluene
[6 marks]

1(b) Use Hess’s law to calculate the enthalpy of the reaction; N2H4 + H2 → 2NH3 = H ?
Given;
N2 + 3H2 →2NH3 H = -92.39 kJ
N2H4 + O2 →N2 + 2H2O H = -622.09 kJ
2H2 + O2 →2H2O H = + 483.6 kJ
[4 marks]

2(a) When a 6.50 g sample of solid NaOH dissolves in 100.0g of water in a coffee-cup
calorimeter, the temperature rise from 21.6 oC to 37.8 oC. Calculate the H (in kJ/mol) for
the solution process. (assume the specific heat of solution formed is 4.18 J g-1 K-1

[5 marks]

2(b) Many cigarette lighters contain liquid butane C4H10(l) which has H formation of -147.6
kJ mol-1. Given the enthalpies of formation of water and carbon dioxide are -285.8 and
-393.5 kJ mol-1 respectively. Calculate the quantity of heat produced when 1.0 g of butane
is completely combusted in air.
[5 marks]

3(a) In an experiment to determine the enthalpy of neutralisation, 50 cm3 of 1.0 M sulphuric acid
at 28.5 oC is added to 50 cm3 of 2.0 M potassium hydroxide solution which is also at 28.5
o
C in a plastic cup with a cover. The mixture is then stirred and the highest temperature
reached is 41.5 oC . Calculate the enthalpy of neutralisation.
[5 marks]

3(b) Based on the data given in the table below, construct an energy cycle diagram for dissolution
of magnesium chloride and determine the standard enthalpy of hydration of chloride ion (in
kJ mol-1)

Enthalpy kJ mol-1
H lattice of MgCl2 -2592
H solution of MgCl2 -55
H hydration of magnesium ion -1921
[5 marks]
4 (i) Define lattice energy.
(ii) Construct Bohr Haber cycle for formation of calcium oxide using the following data
(iii) Based on the Bohr Haber cycle in (ii) determine the lattice energy of calcium oxide.

enthalpy kJ mol1-
The enthalpy of formation of calcium oxide(s) -636
The enthalpy of sublimation of calcium +192
First ionisation energy of Ca +590
Second ionisation energy of Ca +1145
The enthalpy of dissociation of O2(g) +494
First electron affinity of O -141
Second electron affinity of O +845
[10 marks]

5(a) The industrial method currently used to produce 2-butanol is the hydration of 2-butene:
C4H8(g) + H2O(g) →C4H10O(g)
The enthalpy values for the following reactions are:
4C(s) + 4H2(g) →C4H8(g) H = -7.1 kJ
4C + 5H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) →C4H10O(g) H = -292.8 kJ
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) H = -483.6 kJ
Using the data above calculate the enthalpy change in kJ mol-1 for the production of
2-butanol from 2-butene.
[3 marks]

5(b) Below is the Bohrn Haber cycle for formation of CsCl. Name the enthalpy label H1o-
H5o. Calculate the lattice energy of CsCl.
Cs+(g) + e + Cl(g)

H5o=-346 kJ/mol
H1o=+376 kJ/mol Cs(g) + Cl(g) Cs+(g) + Cl-(g)

H2o=+121 kJ/mol
Cs(g) + 1/2Cl2(g)
H6o= lattice enthalpy

H3o=+79 kJ/mol
Cs(s) + 1/2Cl2(g)

H4o=-433 kJ/mol CsCl(s)

[7 marks]

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