Chapter 3 Ict

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10-May-2022 Design By: M.

Hasnain Mughal
CHAPTER 3
The Internet, Websites, and Media
What is Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions and individuals.
Each of the network on the internet provides resources that add to abundance of goods, services
and information accessible via the internet.

Another Definition
The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries
are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions
Largest network.
Search Information.
Email- Electronic Mail.
Streaming- Video & Radio
Online chat- Real Time communication
Social Networking- Facebook & Twitter.

How to Connect to the internet?


Users can connect their computers and mobile devices to the internet through wired or
wireless technology and then access its services free or for a fee.

What is Wired Connection?


With Wired Connections, a device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communication
device, such as a modem, that transmits data and other items over transmission media to the
internet.

What is Wireless Connection?


With Wireless Connections, a device includes the necessary built-in technology so that they
can transmit data wirelessly.

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal


What are some wired Internet Service Technologies?
Cable Internet Service: Provides high-speed internet access through the cable television
network via a cable modem.
DSL (digital subscriber line): Provides high-speed internet connections through the telephone
network via a DSL modem.
Fiber to the premises: Uses Fiber-optic cable to provide high- speed internet access via a
modem.

What are some wireless Internet Service Technologies?


Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity): Uses radio signals to provide high-speed internet connections to
devices with built-in Wi-Fi capability or a communications device that enables Wi-Fi
connectivity.
Mobile Broadband: offers high-speed internet connections over the cellular radio network to
devices with built-in compatible technology (such as 3G, 4G or 5G) to a wireless modem or
other communications device.
Fixed Wireless: Provides High-speed internet connections using a dish- shaped antenna on a
building, such as house or business, to communicate with a tower location via radio signals.
Satellite Internet Service: Provides high-speed internet connections via satellite or satellite
dish that communicates with a satellite modem.

What is a Hotspot?
A Hot Spot is a wireless network that provides internet connections to mobile computers and
devices.
How to use a Public Wi-Fi Hot Spot Safely?
(Optional)
 Avoid typing passwords and financial information.
 When finished, sign out of your account.
 When finished, disable your wireless connection.
 Do not leave your computer or mobile device unattended.
 Beware of over-the-shoulder snoopers.

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal


What is Tethering?
Tethering transforms a smartphone or Internet-Capable tablet into a portable communications
device that shares its Internet access with other computers and devices wirelessly.
What is Dial-Up Access?
Dial-Up Access takes place when a modem in a computer connects to the internet via a
standard telephone line that transmits data and information using an analog (continuous wave
pattern) signal.
What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
An Internet Service Provider (ISP), sometimes called an Internet Access Provider, is a business
that provides individuals and organizations access to the internet free or for a fee.
ISPs often charge a fixed amount for an internet connection, offering customers a variety of
plans based on desired speeds, bandwidth, and services.
What is bandwidth?
Bandwidth represents the amount of data that travels over a network. A higher bandwidth means
more data transmits. Data sizes typically are stated in terms of megabytes and gigabytes.
Megabyte (MB) is equal to approximately one million characters.
Gigabyte (GB) is equal to approximately one billion characters.
What is Data (Again)?
In technology Field,
Data can refer to unprocessed items that computers often process into information.
Data also refers to the content that is stored on media or transmitted over a network.
What is a mobile service provider?
A Mobile Service Provider, sometimes called a wireless data provider.
Is an ISP that offers wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices with the
necessary built-in wireless capability
(Such as Wi-Fi), wireless modem, or other communications device that enable wireless
connectivity

How data travels the Internet?


Computers and Devices connected to the internet work together to transfer data around the world
using servers and clients and various wired and wireless transmission media.
On the Internet, your computer device is a client that can access data and services on a variety
of servers.
Wired transmission includes phone line, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Wireless
transmission media includes radio waves and satellite signals.

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal


How Your Request for a Web page Might Travel?
This is how a user’s request for a webpage might travel using the internet cable service:
1. You send a request for a webpage, for example google.com
2. Cable modem transfers the computer’s digital signals to the cable television
line.
3. Your request travels through cable television lines to a central cable system.
4. The central cable system sends your request over high-speed fiber-optic lines
to the cable operator, who often is ISP.
5. The ISP routes your request through the internet backbone to the destination
server.
6. The Server retrieves the requested webpage and sends it back through the
internet backbone to your computer.

What is an IP Address?
Ip stand for (Internet Protocol) An IP Address, short for Internet Protocol address,
is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device
connected to the internet.

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal


What are IP Address Schemes?
There are two IP addressing schemes: IPv4 and IPv6.
Due to the growth of the internet, the original IPv4 addresses began dwindling in availability.
The IPv6 scheme increased the available number of IP Addresses exponentially. Because
Lengthy IP Addresses can be difficult to remember, the internet supports domain names.
IPv4 Address: 74.125.224.72
IPv6 Address: 2001:4860:4860::8844

What is Domain Name?


A Domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP- Address of a server that hosts
a website. A Domain name is part of the web address that you type in a browser’s address bar to
access a website.
For Example Domain name: Google.com

What is Top-Level Domain (TLD)?


The suffix of the domain name is called the top-level domain (TLD), which identifies the type
of organization associated with the domain. The organization that approves and controls TLDs
is called ICANN (Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers).
Example: google.com , “.com” here is the TLD.

Types of TLDs
A List of TLDs:
.com: Commercial organizations, businesses, and companies.
.edu: Educational institutions.
.gov: Government agencies.
.mil: Military organizations.
.net: Network providers or commercial companies.
.org: Nonprofit Organizations.
The suffix of domain name may include a country code TLD (ccTLD) which is a two-letter
country-code, such as .pk for Pakistan and .au for Australia.

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal


What is Domain Name System (DNS)
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the method that the internet uses to store domain names
and their corresponding IP Addresses.
First When You Enter the Domain name (i.e. google.com) in your browser,
first your browser communicates with the DNS server maintained by your ISP, Server looks
up for the domain name and finds its associated IP Address and then sends it back to your
computer then
The Browser uses the IP address to contact the web server at the specified IP address to
request the content of the desired page

Who is a Cyberquatter?
A Cybersquatter purchases unused or lapsed domain names, so that they can profit from selling
them, often at expensive price.

What is World Wide Web?


While the internet was developed in the late 1960s. the world wide web emerged in the early
1990s as an easier way to access online information using a Brower
World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents.
Each electronic document on the web is called a webpage, which can contain text, graphics,
animation, audio and video.

Types of Web Pages?


There are two types of webpages:
1. Static Webpage
2. Dynamic Webpage

Static Webpage: Static (fixed): Visitors to a static webpage all see the same content each
time they view the web page.

Dynamic Webpage: Dynamic: the content of the webpage generates each time a user
displays it. Dynamic webpages may contain customized contain, such as current time etc.

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal


What is Website?
A Website is a collection of related webpages and associated items, such as documents and
photos, stored on a web server.

What is a Web Server?


A Web Server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device. The same web server can store multiple websites.

What is Web 2.0?


Web 2.0 refers to websites that provide a means for users to share personal information (such
as online social networks), allow users to modify website content (such as wiki), and provide
applications through a browser (such as web app).

What is Web Addresses?


A Webpage has a unique address, called a Web Address or URL (Uniform Resource
Locator). A Browser retrieves a webpage using its web address.
A Web Address consists of a protocol, domain name and sometimes the host name, path to a
specific webpage, or file name of the web page. For Example,
http://www.google.com/images/myprofile.html
 Here http:// is protocol
 WWW. Is host name
 Google.com is domain name
 Images is path
 Places.html is webpage name

The End
Complete Chapter No 3
Good Luck 😊

10-May-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

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