FYBAF / BBI / BMS

SEM – 1

Indian Economic Policy- II

As Per NEP 2020 W.E.F. – A.Y. 2024-25

 MODULE I – SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICY

GENDER AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

POLICIES
• Women’s Empowerment” refers to the
process of enabling women to gain control
over their lives, make informed decisions, and
exercise their rights and freedoms.
 TYPES OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
1. Economic empowerment: Access to education,
skills, and economic opportunities.
2. Social empowerment: Challenging gender
stereotypes, social norms, and cultural practices
that perpetuate discrimination.
3. Political empowerment: Increased participation
in politics, decision-making, and leadership
positions.
4. Legal empowerment: Access to justice, legal
protection, and enforcement of rights.
5. Psychological empowerment: Building
confidence, self-esteem, and a sense of self-
worth.
NEED FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
1. Gender equality
2. Human rights
3. Poverty reduction
4. Economic growth
5. Social justice
6. Improved health and well-being
7. Education and personal development
 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS IN INDIA
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme: This scheme was launched
on January 22, 2015, to address declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and
other related issues.
• Working Women Hostel Scheme: This scheme aims to provide safe
and conveniently located accommodation for working women.
• Mahila Shakti Kendra (MSK) Scheme: This scheme was approved in
November 2017 to empower rural women through community
participation.
• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY): This scheme is a
Centrally Sponsored Conditional Cash Transfer Scheme for pregnant
women and lactating mothers.
• One-Stop Centre Scheme: This scheme aims to provide integrated
support and assistance to women affected by violence.
• Women SHG Scheme: This scheme provides financial assistance to
women from poor families.
 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Introduction
• The scheme was launched after the national census results for 2011 revealed
detraction in key gender metrics – Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and Sex Ratio at
Birth (SRB).
• CSR is defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys aged 0-6 years.
• This ratio showcased a steady decline, from 945 in 1999 to 927 in 2001,
which declined further to 918 girls for every 1,000 boys in 2011.
• Dip in these ratios is a significant indicator of gender discrimination and
women disempowerment, reflecting both pre-birth discrimination through
gender-biased, sex selective abortion and post-birth discrimination by
neglecting health, nutrition, and educational needs of the girl child.
 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
• Launched on January 22, 2015, by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi.
• A tri-ministerial initiative by the Ministries of Women
and Child Development, Health & Family Welfare,
and Human Resource Development.
• Aims to address declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and
empower women.
• Focuses on 100 districts with low CSR in the first
phase.
• Emphasizes mindset change through training,
awareness, and community mobilization.
• Eligibility includes a girl child below 10 years, a
Sukanya Samriddhi Account.
 OBJECTIVES OF BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO

• Improve the child sex ratio.

• Ensure Gender Equality and Women
Empowerment.
• Prevent Gender biased, Sex-selective
elimination.
• Ensure survival and protection of the girl child.
• Encourage education and participation of the
girl child.
 Key Features of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana
✓ Setting up debates and discourses relating to reducing Child
Sex Ratio (CSR) with the goal towards spreading
awareness and ensuring improvement.
✓ Encouraging community participation and working towards
better development relating to the growth and birth of a
girl child.
✓ Setting up mass communication initiatives for
disseminating information related to the BBBP scheme.
✓ Training local governing authorities and also including
employees of government organizations and schools in
the rally for societal change.
✓ BBBP scheme aims at safeguarding girl children and also at
stopping inhuman acts like foeticide and female
infanticide.
 Key Features of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana
✓ Promotion of women’s participation in education is a key
feature, ensuring that every girl child gets suitable access
towards education.
✓ The scheme aims at improving the child gender ratio in
States like Uttarakhand, Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar
Pradesh.
✓ Another objective of the scheme is the prevention of child
marriage and the safety of girl children from related physical
and mental harassment along with domestic violence.
✓ The promotion of gender equality is another key feature of the
scheme throughout the country.
✓ Financial security for girl children is encouraged through the
BBBP scheme and with a view towards securing their future
education, growth, and development.
 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women (2001)
• It is an Indian government policy aimed at empowering women and
promoting gender equality.
• The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women (2001) has several
missions to achieve its objectives:
1. Mission for Education:
- Increase girls' enrollment and retention rates
- Improve quality of education
- Promote vocational training
2. Mission for Economic Empowerment:
- Increase women's access to credit and employment
- Promote entrepreneurship and skill development
- Enhance women's participation in decision-making
3. Mission for Health and Nutrition:
- Improve access to healthcare services
- Reduce maternal and infant mortality
4. Mission for Violence Against Women:
- Prevent and respond to domestic violence
- Combat trafficking and exploitation
- Support survivors of violence
5. Mission for Political Participation:
- Increase women's representation in politics
- Enhance women's leadership skills
- Promote gender-sensitive governance
6. Mission for Legal Reforms:
- Strengthen laws and policies for women's rights
- Enhance access to justice
- Promote gender-sensitive legal frameworks
7. Mission for Institutional Mechanisms:
- Establish and strengthen institutions for women's empowerment
- Enhance coordination and convergence of efforts
- Promote gender mainstreaming
 Policy Prescriptions
• Policy prescriptions refer to specific recommendations or proposed
actions to address a particular issue or problem.
1. Increasing funding for women's education and healthcare programs.
2. Implementing laws and policies to prevent domestic violence and
trafficking.
3. Providing training and support for women entrepreneurs and small
business owners.
4. Promoting gender-sensitive governance and increasing women's
representation in politics.
5. Establishing institutions and mechanisms to address women's
empowerment and gender equality.
6. Launching awareness campaigns to challenge societal attitudes and
stereotypes.
7. Encouraging public-private partnerships to support women's
empowerment initiatives.
8. Strengthening data collection and monitoring to track progress and
identify areas for improvement.
 Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2018

❖ The Samagra Shiksha Scheme was launched in the year 2018 by the
Ministry of Education.
❖ The scheme aims to ensure the equitable, inclusive, and cost-effective
delivery of school education to many children in India.
❖ Under the Samagra Shiksha Scheme umbrella, three schemes are
included: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha
Abhiyan, and the Teacher Education Program.
❖ The scheme covers over 1.16 million schools, catering to approximately
15.6 crore children and around 57 lakh teachers in government and
government-aided schools.
❖ It encompasses classes from pre-primary to senior secondary levels.
❖ Implemented as a centrally sponsored scheme, the central government
provides 60% of the funds, while the state governments contribute 40%.
 Objectives
The major objectives of the Scheme are:
(i) Support States and UTs in implementing the recommendations of the
National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020).
(ii) Support States in implementation of Right of Children to Free and
Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009.
(iii) Focus on Early Childhood Care and Education.
(iv) Emphasis on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy.
(v) Thrust on Holistic, Integrated, Inclusive and activity based Curriculum
and Pedagogy to impart 21st century skills among the students.
(vi) Provision of quality education and enhancing learning outcomes of
students.
(vii) Bridging Social and Gender Gaps in School Education.
(viii) Ensuring equity and inclusion at all levels of school education.
(ix) Strengthening and up-gradation of State Councils for Educational
Research and Training (SCERTs)/State Institutes of Education and
District Institutes for Education and Training (DIET) as a nodal agency
for teacher training.
(x) Ensuring safe, secure and conducive learning environment and minimum
 Features of the Samagra Shiksha Scheme
1. Holistic Approach to Education
• Extension of interventions to the senior secondary stage, providing a
single scheme for school education from Classes I to XII.
• Treating school education as a continuum from pre-school to Class 12,
ensuring a comprehensive approach.
• Supporting states in initiating pre-primary education and including
senior secondary and pre-school levels in supporting school education.
2. Administrative Reform
• Establishment of a unified administrative structure for harmonized
implementation.
• Giving flexibility to states in prioritizing their interventions under the
scheme.
• Adopting an integrated administration approach, viewing schools as a
continuum.
• Enhanced Funding for Education.
• Increased budget allocation for education.
• Allocation of grants under the scheme based on learning outcomes and
steps taken for quality improvement.
3. Focus on Quality of Education
• Emphasis on improving learning outcomes. Enhanced capacity building
of teachers.
• Strengthening teacher education institutions like SCERTs and DIETs to
improve the quality of prospective teachers. SCERT is the nodal
institution for in-service and pre-service teacher training.
• Focus on quality education through teachers' capacity building and
strengthening educational institutions.
• Annual grants for school libraries and emphasis on improving the quality
of education through teachers and technology.
4. Focus on Digital Education
• Provision of ICT labs and smart classrooms.
• Strengthening of digital initiatives like Shala Kosh, Shagun, and Shaala
Saarthi.
• Enhancement of ICT infrastructure in schools.
• Extensive use of the digital portal "DIKSHA" for upgrading teachers'
skills.
• Utilization of technology to improve access and provide quality
education.
5. Strengthening of Schools
• Emphasis on consolidating schools for improved quality.
• Increased transport facility for universal access to school.
• Enhanced allocation for infrastructure strengthening.
• Increased composite school grants based on school enrollment.
• Provision for Swachhta activities in schools.
• Focus on Girl Education. Empowerment of girls.
• Upgradation of KGBVs to Class 6-12. Self-defence training and stipends
for girls from the upper primary to the higher secondary stage.
• Commitment to "Beti Bachao Beti Padhao."
6. Focus on Inclusion
• Increased allocation for uniforms and textbooks under the RTE Act.
• Introduction of energized textbooks.
• Increased allocation for Children with Special Needs (CwSN) and
stipends for girls with special needs.
• Commitment to "Sabko Shiksha Achhi Shiksha."
7. Focus on Skill Development
• Extension of exposure to vocational skills at the upper primary level.
• Strengthening of vocational education as part of the secondary level
curriculum.
• Integrating vocational education from class 6 with a practical and
industry-oriented approach.
• Reinforcing the emphasis on "Kaushal Vikas."
8. Focus on Sports and Physical Education
• Provision of sports equipment to all schools.
• Integration of sports education into the curriculum.
• Inculcating the relevance of sports in the school curriculum.
• Support for "Khelo India.”
9. Focus on Regional Balance
• Promoting balanced educational development. Priority to Educationally
Backward Blocks (EBBs), LWEs, Special Focus Districts (SFDs), Border
areas, and aspirational districts.
• Upholding the principles of "Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas" and "Sabko
Shiksha Achhi Shiksha."
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020
• A committee was formed by the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD), now known as the Ministry of Education,
in 2017.
• The committee led by Dr. Kasturirangan, former Chairman of the
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and former Director of
the Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
• The committee submitted its report in May 2019, which formed
the basis of the NEP 2020.
• The NEP 2020 was officially released on July 29, 2020, by the
Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The NEP 2020 replaces the 34-year-old National Policy on
Education (NPE) 1986, and aims to address the changing dynamics
of the 21st century.
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive
framework for transforming India's education system.
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020
• It aims to revamp the existing education system and make India a
global knowledge superpower to ensure inclusive, equitable, and
quality education for all.
• It seeks to meet the changing needs of society, align education
with global standards and foster innovation, critical thinking, and
creativity.
• The implementation of NEP 2020 will be done in phases, with a
focus on achieving universal foundational literacy and
numeracy by 2025.
• The policy aims to increase state expenditure on education from
around 3% to 6% of the GDP as soon as possible.

• The policy is built on four pillars:

1. Access: Expand access to education for all.
2. Equity: Ensure inclusivity and social justice.
3. Quality: Enhance quality of education.
4. Accountability: Establish robust accountability mechanisms.
 Features of NEP 2020
➢ New Curricular Framework: 5+3+3+4 structure, replacing the
10+2 structure.
➢ Emphasis on Foundational Literacy: Focus on achieving
universal foundational literacy and numeracy by 2025.
➢ Mother Tongue as Medium of Instruction: Till Class 5, and
optionally in higher classes.
➢ Multidisciplinary Education: Flexible and holistic education,
combining arts, humanities, social sciences, and sciences.
➢ Assessment Reforms: Reduction in number of exams, and
introduction of competency-based assessments.
➢ Increased Focus on Vocational Education: Integration of
vocational education into mainstream education.
➢ Enhanced Teacher Training: Emphasis on continuous professional
development for teachers.
➢ Institutional Reforms: Establishment of National Educational
Technology Forum, and strengthening of institutions like NCERT
and UGC.
 Features of NEP 2020
➢ Increased Access to Education: Expansion of scholarships, and
efforts to increase GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio).
➢ Promotion of Indian Languages: Encouragement of Indian
languages, and development of linguistic diversity.
➢ Internationalization: Facilitating international collaborations, and
student exchange programs.
➢ Flexibility and Autonomy: Greater autonomy to institutions, and
flexibility in curriculum and assessment.
➢ Technology Integration: Leveraging technology to enhance
learning outcomes, and improve access to education.
➢ Focus on Research: Encouragement of research, and innovation in
education.
➢ Holistic Development: Emphasis on developing social, emotional,
and cognitive skills, in addition to academic knowledge.
 Objectives of NEP 2020
• Universalization of Education: Ensure 100% Gross Enrollment
Ratio (GER) in school education by 2030.
• Improving Quality: Enhance quality of education, focusing on
equity, inclusivity, and social justice.
• Inclusivity and Equity: Promote social and economic inclusion,
and reduce inequalities in education.
• Curriculum Reforms: Develop a new curriculum framework,
emphasizing interdisciplinary and holistic learning.
• Teacher Empowerment: Enhance teacher training, recruitment, and
service conditions.
• Increased Access: Expand access to education, especially for
disadvantaged groups.
• Technology Integration: Leverage technology to enhance learning
outcomes and improve access.
• Research and Innovation: Foster research, innovation, and
entrepreneurship in education.
 Objectives of NEP 2020
• Internationalization: Facilitate international collaborations and
student exchange programs.
• Sustainable Development: Align education with sustainable
development goals and India's national goals.
• Flexibility and Autonomy: Provide flexibility and autonomy to
institutions, and promote decentralization.
• Accountability: Establish robust accountability mechanisms,
including assessment and evaluation.
• Promoting Indian Languages: Promote and develop Indian
languages, and linguistic diversity.
• Vocational Education: Integrate vocational education into
mainstream education.
• Holistic Development: Focus on developing social, emotional, and
cognitive skills, in addition to academic knowledge.
Thank You