Class: X CBSE Subject: Information Technology (402)

Unit-3 ICT Skills-II

Session 1: Basic Computer Operations
Answer the following.
1. Define booting.
Ans. To boot (to boot up, to start up or booting) a computer is to load an operating
system (OS) into the computer's main memory or RAM. Once the OS is loaded (for
example, on a PC, you will see the initial Windows or Mac desktop screen), it's ready
for users to run applications.
Booting is of two types :
1. Cold booting: When the computer is started after having been switched off.
2. Warm booting: When the operating system alone is restarted after a system crash
or freeze.

2. State the significance of Function keys.

Ans. A function key is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard that can be
programmed so
as to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to
perform certain actions, a form of soft key. On some keyboards/computers, function
keys may have default actions, accessible on power-on.

3. Write the steps to shut down a computer in

Windows
Ans. STEP 1 : Press the Start button.
STEP 2 : When the start menu opens, select shut down.
STEP 3 : Wait for the Monitor to turn Off.

1. Explain various mouse actions.

Ans. Left Click - The left mouse button is used for object selecting and double-
clicking.
Right Click - The right mouse button mostly used to open pop-up menus which
perform specific function when selected by the right-click.
Double-click - Used to open objects, such as a file, icon.
Drag and Drop- Drag and Drop is a method of moving or copying a file or several
files using the mouse or touchpad.
Scroll- The scroll wheel that is located in the middle of the mouse is used to scroll
up and down on any page without using the vertical scroll bar on the right
hand side of a document or webpage.

2. State the use of single-click and double-click.

Ans. A single click or "click" is the act of pressing a computer mouse button once
without moving the mouse. Single clicking is usually a primary action of the
mouse. Single clicking, by default in many operating systems, selects (or
highlights) an object while double-clicking executes or opens the object.

Session 2: Operating System

Answer the following.
1. What is the need of an operating system?
Ans. Operating System is a program that acts as an Interface between the system
 hardware and the user making the tasks easier. It is important software which
runs on a computer and controls the set of instructions and wisely utilizes
each part of the Computer.
The operating system controls the various system input-output resources and
allocates them to the users or programs as per their requirements.
Multitasking: The operating system manages memory and allows multiple
programs to run in their own space and even communicate with each other
through shared memory.

2. Give the names of any two operating systems.

Ans. Some examples of operating systems include Apple macOS, Microsoft
Windows, Google's Android OS, Linux Operating System, and Apple iOS. Apple
macOS is found on Apple personal computers such as the Apple Macbook,
Apple Macbook Pro and Apple Macbook Air.

3. What is real time operating system?

Ans. A Real-Time Operating system (RTOS) is an operating system intended to serve
real-time applications that process data as it comes in, typically without
buffer delays. Processing time requirements are measured in tenths of seconds
or shorter increments of time.
Examples of real-time operating systems are airline traffic control systems,
Command Control Systems, airline reservation systems, Heart pacemakers,
Network Multimedia Systems, robots, etc.

Session 3: Windows 10 Operating System

Answer the following.
1. Name the components of Windows 10 desktop.
Ans. 1. Desktop
It is the first screen you will see once the windows start. Here you will see “My
Computer”, “My Documents”, “Start Menu”, “Recycle Bin”, and the shortcuts of any
applications that you might have created.
2. Taskbar
At the bottom, you will see a row known as the taskbar. It has the currently running
applications; you can pin applications you frequently use using the option Pin to
Taskbar”.
3. Start Menu
This is located in the bottom left corner of Windows OS GUI. This is where the user
can search for any setting and any application for their use. Users can uninstall or
repair applications from the control panel. The user can do a lot of activities just by
searching through the start menu.
4. Windows Search
We can have multiple files and contents located on our system, and sometimes we
may run out of memory about the exact location of our file. Windows Search is a
function included with Windows that allows users to search their entire computer.
5. Live Tiles
Live tiles are animated icons of applications installed on your computer. It includes
the icons of apps like calendar, icon to show current exchange rate, weather
forecost, etc.
 2. What is Control Panel?
Ans. A control panel is a graphical interface that allows users to manage settings and
features. They are often found in the context of native apps on desktop or mobile
operating systems,
where they can be used to configure applications and the operating system itself.

3. What is desktop?
Ans. A desktop is a computer display area that represents the kinds of objects
found on top of a physical desk, including documents, phone books, telephones,
reference sources, writing and drawing tools, and project folders.

4. Define wallpaper.
Ans. The wallpaper is the image that appears behind the icons on your computer's
desktop— that's why it's usually called a desktop background. On most
computers, you can change your background by right-clicking the desktop and
selecting Personalize. Then select Desktop Background.

5. Define Icon. Name some of the icons on your desktop.

Ans. Icons are the small pictures on the desktop. These icons represent a file or a
program or folder on the computer. The user has to click on this icon to open
that file or program.
Example of some system icons are My Computer, Recycle Bin, My Documents,
Internet Explorer etc. Shortcut Icons: These are the icons with small arrows in the
lower left corner. A shortcut icons provides easy access to some objects on our
systems, such as a program, a document or a printer.

Session 4: File System

Answer the following.

1. What do you mean by file system?

Ans. File system is a method of organising the files with a hard disk or other medium
of storage.
File system arranges the files and helps in retrieving the files, when required. It
is compatible with different file types, such as mp3, doc, txt, mp4,etc and these
are also grouped into directories.

2. Define folder and a subfolder.

Ans. Folder: A folder is a container that holds one or more files and folder.
Subfolder: A folder stored inside another folder is called subfolder.

3. Differentiate between a file and a folder.

Ans. A file is the common storage unit in a computer, and all programs and data are
"written" into a file and "read" from a file. A folder holds one or more files, and
a folder can be empty until it is filled. A folder can also contain other folders,
and there can be many levels of folders within folders.

4. Write the steps to restore a file from Recycle Bin.

Ans. These are the following steps to restore file from recycle bin:
1. Open the Recycle Bin by clicking its icon.
2. Locate the items you wish to recover.
 3. Select the files or folders for recovery by highlighting their checkbox.
4. Right-click and choose Restore to recover the data to its original location.

Session 5: Basic skills for care and maintenance of computer

Answer the following.
1. What is dis defragmenter?
Ans. Defragmentation is the process of consolidating fragmented files on the user's
hard drive. Files become fragmented when data is written to disk, and there is
not enough contiguous space to hold the complete file. Storage algorithms break
the data apart so that it will fit into the available space.

2. Mention some of the routine maintenance tasks for computers.

Ans. 1. Protect with padding
2. Organize cords
3. Update your operating system
4. Unplug to avoid overcharging
5. Purge your system of junk files and programs
6. Run regular antivirus scans
7. Clean the keyboard and case
8. Update your passwords
9. Organize your data
10. Back up your data

3. Define computer virus.

Ans. A computer virus is a type of malicious software, or malware, that spreads
between computers and causes damage to data and software. Computer viruses
aim to disrupt systems, cause major operational issues, and result in data loss
and leakage.

4. How do you get a computer virus.

Ans. Computer viruses typically attach to an executable host file, which results in
their viral codes executing when a file is opened. The code then spreads from the
document or software it is attached to via networks, drives, file-sharing
programs, or infected email attachments.

5. Write the precautions to be taken while cleaning a

computer. Ans.
1. Dust your keyboard using compressed air.
2. Wipe down your monitor.
3. Get rid of your mouse's dust and particles.
4. Clean your system thoroughly.
5. Power down or reboot your device regularly.
6. Defragment the hard drive.
7. Configure your startup.
8. Install major computer updates.
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Extra Questions:
1. What is ICT?
Answer – Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an acronym for
information and communication technology.
ICT helps in the proper sharing, receiving, and processing of information, and an ICT
device is a device that is used for processing, storing, and delivering information to
others.
Examples of ICT devices are – Laptop, Desktop, Tablets and Smartphones.

2. Difference between Hardware and Software?

Answer – A computer system consists of two main parts – Hardware and Software
a. Hardware – Hardware is a physical part of a computer system. We can feel
and touch the hardware devices. example – CPU, Mother Board, Hard Disk,
Keyboard, Mouse, Printer etc.
b. Software – Software related to the programs which perform different types of
tasks on the computer system. Program is a collection of Instructions. It also helps
the computer to perform the specific task. Example – Open Office Base,
Spreadsheet, Presentation etc.

3. What is BIOS?
Answer – BIOS stands for Basic Input/ Output System, It helps the computer
system to identify (Self-test) the peripheral devices which are connected to the
computer system and helps computers to load Operating System properly.

4. How can we protect our data?

Answer – To protect our data from theft and viruses we can take the following
measures –
a. Use Strong password in your account – Make your passwords difficult to
guess. When creating a new password, attempt to use a combination of
 Small Character
 Capital Character
 Special Character
 Numbers
b. Install Antivirus and Firewall –Anti-virus software and a firewall protect your
data from virus and from hackers.
c. Encrypt your data – Keep your information in an encrypted format to keep
it safe from unauthorized users.
d. Open only secure site – Before visiting a website, make sure the address
begins with https://. A website that begins with https:// is a secure website.