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DBMS Architecture 1-level, 2-Level, 3-Level

Last Updated : 27 Sep, 2024
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A Database stores a lot of critical information to access data quickly
and securely. Hence it is important to select the correct architecture
for efficient data management. DBMS Architecture helps users to
get their requests done while connecting to the database. We
choose database architecture depending on several factors like the
size of the database, number of users, and relationships between
the users. There are two types of database models that we generally
use, logical model and physical model. Several types of architecture
are there in the database which we will deal with in the next section.
Types of DBMS Architecture
There are several types of DBMS Architecture that we use according
to the usage requirements. Types of DBMS Architecture are
discussed here.
 1-Tier Architecture
 2-Tier Architecture
 3-Tier Architecture
1-Tier Architecture
In 1-Tier Architecture the database is directly available to the user,
the user can directly sit on the DBMS and use it that is, the client,
server, and Database are all present on the same machine. For
Example: to learn SQL we set up an SQL server and the database on
the local system. This enables us to directly interact with the
relational database and execute operations. The industry won’t use
this architecture they logically go for 2-tier and 3-tier Architecture.
 DBMS 1-Tier Architecture

Advantages of 1-Tier Architecture

Below mentioned are the advantages of 1-Tier Architecture.
 Simple Architecture: 1-Tier Architecture is the most simple
architecture to set up, as only a single machine is required to
maintain it.
  Cost-Effective: No additional hardware is required for
implementing 1-Tier Architecture, which makes it cost-
effective.
 Easy to Implement: 1-Tier Architecture can be easily
deployed, and hence it is mostly used in small projects.
2-Tier Architecture
The 2-tier architecture is similar to a basic client-server model . The
application at the client end directly communicates with the
database on the server side. APIs like ODBC and JDBC are used for
this interaction. The server side is responsible for providing query
processing and transaction management functionalities. On the
client side, the user interfaces and application programs are run.
The application on the client side establishes a connection with the
server side to communicate with the DBMS.
An advantage of this type is that maintenance and understanding
are easier, and compatible with existing systems. However, this
model gives poor performance when there are a large number of
users.

DBMS 2-Tier Architecture

Advantages of 2-Tier Architecture

 Easy to Access: 2-Tier Architecture makes easy access to the
database, which makes fast retrieval.
 Scalable: We can scale the database easily, by adding clients
or upgrading hardware.
 Low Cost: 2-Tier Architecture is cheaper than 3-Tier
Architecture andMulti-Tier Architecture.
 Easy Deployment: 2-Tier Architecture is easier to deploy than
3-Tier Architecture.
 Simple: 2-Tier Architecture is easily understandable as well as
simple because of only two components.
3-Tier Architecture
In 3-Tier Architecture , there is another layer between the client and
the server. The client does not directly communicate with the
server. Instead, it interacts with an application server which further
communicates with the database system and then the query
processing and transaction management takes place. This
intermediate layer acts as a medium for the exchange of partially
processed data between the server and the client. This type of
architecture is used in the case of large web applications.

DBMS 3-Tier Architecture

Advantages of 3-Tier Architecture

 Enhanced scalability: Scalability is enhanced due to the
distributed deployment of application servers. Now, individual
connections need not be made between the client and server.
  Data Integrity: 3-Tier Architecture maintains Data Integrity.
Since there is a middle layer between the client and the
server, data corruption can be avoided/removed.
 Security: 3-Tier Architecture Improves Security. This type of
model prevents direct interaction of the client with the server
thereby reducing access to unauthorized data.
Disadvantages of 3-Tier Architecture
 More Complex: 3-Tier Architecture is more complex in
comparison to 2-Tier Architecture. Communication Points are
also doubled in 3-Tier Architecture.
 Difficult to Interact: It becomes difficult for this sort of
interaction to take place due to the presence of middle layers.
For more, you can refer to the Advantages and Disadvantages of 3-
Tier Architecture in DBMS .
Conclusion
When it comes to choosing a DBMS architecture, it all comes down
to how complex and scalable the system is. The 3-level structure
has the best features and is perfect for modern,
big database systems.
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