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Fundamentals of Quantum Computing

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Ahmad Ibrahim Makki Maruf
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10 views

Fundamentals of Quantum Computing

Uploaded by

Ahmad Ibrahim Makki Maruf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AI Ethics and Responsible Innovation

The Fundamentals of Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is a groundbreaking technology that leverages the principles of quantum

mechanics

to perform computations far beyond the capabilities of classical computers. This document

introduces

the fundamentals of quantum computing, its principles, and its potential applications in various

industries.

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AI Ethics and Responsible Innovation

Chapter 1: What is Quantum Computing?

Quantum computing is the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and

entanglement,

to perform computation. Unlike classical computers, which use bits as binary 0 or 1, quantum computers

use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling exponential computation power.

Chapter 2: Key Principles of Quantum Mechanics

1. **Superposition:** A qubit can be in a state of 0, 1, or both simultaneously, enabling parallel computations.

2. **Entanglement:** When qubits are entangled, the state of one qubit is directly related to the state of

another,

no matter the distance between them.

3. **Quantum Interference:** The manipulation of quantum states to amplify desired outcomes and cancel out

others.

Chapter 3: Quantum Computing vs Classical Computing

Quantum computing differs from classical computing in several ways:

- **Speed:** Quantum computers can solve certain problems, like factorization and optimization,

exponentially faster.

- **Data Representation:** Classical bits represent data in binary form, while quantum bits (qubits) represent

data

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AI Ethics and Responsible Innovation

in quantum states.

- **Complex Problem Solving:** Tasks like simulating molecules or optimizing large systems are better suited

to quantum

computers.

Chapter 4: Applications of Quantum Computing

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various industries:

- **Cryptography:** Breaking classical encryption methods and enabling quantum-safe encryption.

- **Pharmaceuticals:** Simulating molecular interactions to design new drugs.

- **Finance:** Optimizing portfolios and modeling financial risks.

- **Artificial Intelligence:** Accelerating machine learning algorithms and data analysis.

- **Logistics:** Enhancing supply chain optimization and scheduling problems.

Chapter 5: Challenges and Future of Quantum Computing

1. **Hardware Limitations:** Quantum computers are highly sensitive to environmental interference and

require advanced cooling systems.

2. **Error Correction:** Quantum systems must address errors due to decoherence and noise.

3. **Scalability:** Building large-scale quantum computers remains a significant challenge.

4. **Future Prospects:** Despite challenges, advancements in quantum computing are rapidly progressing,

with companies like

IBM, Google, and startups investing in research and development.

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