Justin Urriola

AHS2020

6/17/2024

AUGUST WILSON

August Wilson, originally named Frederick August Kittel Jr. and born on April 27th, 1945 holds

unprecedented influence in the realm of theater and has left a lasting impact on American history. As

per information from britannica.com, he gained acclaim for his powerful portrayals of the 20th

century experience. Growing up in Pittsburgh's Hill District, a backdrop for many of his plays ,

Wilsons own life mirrored the struggles and triumphs of the community that he later immortalized on

stage. After time away from school due to an accusation of plagiarism and serving in the Marine

Corps, Wilson discovered his passion for writing. Through honing his craft, he recognized the power

of theater in capturing the essence of life in America. He played a role in founding the Black Horizon

Theater in Pittsburgh with a mission to uplift the stories of his people. Wilsons renowned body of

work, known as the Pittsburgh Cycle, intricately delves into aspects of the journey decade by decade

throughout the 20th century. From portraying northward migration during the 1900 in Gem of the

Ocean to depicting disillusionment in Radio Golf during the 1990s this cycle weaves together history

and heritage into a tapestry. August Wilson explored themes of identity, community dynamics, racial

tensions and the lasting impact of slavery and segregation, on society through works like Fences,

Ma Raineys Black Bottom and Joe Turners Come and Gone. By using his characters and engaging

narratives Wilson illuminated the complexities of life, challenged stereotypes, and advocated for the

recognition of experiences. His significant contributions earned him awards such as two Pulitzer

Prizes and a Tony Award establishing him as a figure in American history. August Wilson's legacy

extends beyond the theater stage, inspiring writers, artists and activists, with his dedication to
preserving history. His influence ensures that the stories of his community will endure for generations

to come.

Gem of the Ocean, written in 1904 introduces themes that are central to the Pittsburgh Cycle. The

play is situated during a period of American migration from the rural South to bustling urban hubs

like Pittsburgh. At its core is Aunt Ester, a 287 year old healer who embodies a profound

understanding of the African American journey. She symbolizes the memory of the community and

holds invaluable ancestral wisdom. In analyzing the script, Aunt Ester Wilson underscores the

significance of acknowledging ones history as a means to progress forward. The narrative delves

into the pursuit of freedom—both physical and spiritual—as characters confront the enduring legacy

of slavery and navigate their lives in territories. Gem of the Ocean lays down a foundation for parts

of the cycle by depicting the Hill District as a locale steeped in cultural richness.

Joe Turner's Come and Gone unfolds in 1911 against the backdrop of Great Migration shaping

American experiences. After careful analysis of the script, the story is centered around a boarding

house—a hub, during that time period. The stories of the characters in the play depict the pain of

slavery and the challenge of shaping identities and the desire for a sense of belonging in a society

grappling with racism. Wilson examines the conflict between individuals who recall the horrors of

slavery and younger ones who are growing up in an era. The drama delves into topics like migration,

identity and community emphasizing the strength of African Americans as they navigate this time.

Herald Loomis' character, a liberated slave on a quest to find his daughter, symbolizes the enduring

pursuit of freedom and family post slavery.

Ma Raineys Black Bottom is set in a 1927 Chicago recording studio and offers insight into blues

music during the Harlem Renaissance. With careful analysis of the script, the play sheds light on

how Black artists were exploited by producers, showcasing how African American culture was often
commercialized and controlled by those in authority. Through Ma Raineys character—a real life

blues singer—Wilson underscores the significance of artists embracing their roots and demanding

recognition in a society shaped by racism. The play explores the themes of art, power and identity

urging viewers to reflect on how Black culture has been both revered and exploited over the course

of history. The dynamic between Ma Rainey and her white producer, symbolizes the challenges

faced by African Americans in upholding their dignity and independence amidst racism.

In The Piano Lesson, a Pulitzer Prize winning drama set in 1936, the narrative of the play revolves

around a family legacy tied to a crafted piano adorned with depictions of their ancestors. This piano

acts as a reminder of their past marred by slavery delving into themes of memory, heritage and

varied responses across generations to historical trauma. Through characters like Berniece and Boy

Willie, the play contrasts differing perspectives. Berniece treasures the piano as a symbol of their

ancestors' endurance through suffering while Boy Willie views it as a pathway to prosperity. Wilsons

work prompts contemplation, on honoring one's roots while navigating forward within a society still

influenced by the remnants of slavery. The Piano Lesson offers a portrayal of how historical wounds

continue to affect American families and communities today.

Two Trains Running is set in 1947, a time when World War II had just ended and the Civil Rights

Movement was taking its first steps. The story unfolds at Memphis Lee's diner, a gathering place for

the community. Through the characters' experiences, we witness the challenges faced by African

Americans during this period of transformation. Upon dissection and thorough analysis of the script,

it is apparent that the play explores the conflict between preserving community values and

embracing change particularly as the diner faces the threat of being demolished. It delves into

themes of identity, community bonds, and the ongoing struggle for equality shedding light on how

African Americans continued to battle against racism and discrimination despite their contributions to

the war effort. Sterling, a veteran in the narrative, symbolizes the hardships encountered by men
returning home to a society still entrenched in Jim Crow laws. Two Trains Running offers a reflection

on the complexities of the 1940s – a time marked by increasing activism and aspirations alongside

challenges and disparities.

Fences, another Pulitzer Prize winning work penned by Wilson in 1957 delves into Troy Maxson's

life journey – a multifaceted character wrestling with demons from his past. In analyzing the play,

themes such as father son dynamics, pursuing the American Dream, and confronting barriers show

themselves in the unraveling of the plot.. Troy, a man who has faced challenges in the past and now

works as a garbage collector is in the process of constructing a fence around his family's home that

symbolizes boundaries. The play delves into Troy's life experiences influenced by trauma related to

slavery, incarceration and racial discrimination. It sheds light on the hardships men faced during the

1950s due to Jim Crow laws and limited opportunities. Cory, Troy's son, represents the aspirations of

the generation for opportunities, respect and freedom. Fences portrays a narrative about how

events continue to impact present realities for individuals and the African American community as a

whole.

Jitney, set in 1964 during a period in the Civil Rights Movement, unfolds at a jitney station where

unlicensed taxis are dispatched. According to the script of the production, the storyline revolves

around the lives of men working at the station offering insights into the world of working class African

Americans. Through this play, Wilson explores themes such as community bonds, legacy

preservation and dignity, amidst challenges. The tales of the characters shed light on how systemic

racism has restricted their opportunities compelling them to forge their paths for survival. The play

delves into the divide, where older men who lived through the Jim Crow era clash with a generation

immersed in a new era of activism. Becker, the station owner, symbolizes the resilience of African

Americans in establishing their institutions and asserting their presence in society. Jitney offers a
portrayal of the American community on the cusp of significant change showcasing both past

struggles and future aspirations.

King Hedley II unfolds in 1985 during the crack epidemic that ravaged American neighborhoods. In

analyzing the script, the play explores disillusionment, the fight for existence, and the recurring cycle

of violence. At its core is King Hedley, an individual with a history. Through King's narrative, Wilson

scrutinizes how systemic racism and poverty impact destinies prompting audiences to reflect on

influences contributing to community deterioration. The production delves into themes like identity,

ethics and quest for significance, in a society that often appears stacked against African Americans.

The character of King symbolizes the challenges faced by American men in the 1980s dealing with

the impact of crack cocaine and mass incarceration. King Hadley II delves deeply into how the

lasting effects of slavery and racism influence communities emphasizing the need for healing,

redemption and finding a new way forward.

In Wilsons play Radio Golf, set in 1990 as the millennium approaches, the focus is on gentrification

in the Hill District. The storyline centers around efforts to revitalize the neighborhood showcasing

themes of progress, growth, and potential loss of history. The characters include real estate

investors aiming to transform the area but risking erasure of standing American institutions that are

essential to the community's identity. Through Harmond Wilks character—a entrepreneur—Wilson

examines balancing personal advancement with giving back to one's roots. The play challenges

viewers to ponder the sacrifices made for progress and preserving cultural legacy. Radio Golf

concludes with an air of uncertainty that reflects uncertainties many African Americans grappled with

when envisioning their future. The play provides a reflection on the challenges faced by Black

communities in preserving their sense of self and independence, amidst gentrification and

institutional racism.
 August Wilson's Pittsburgh Cycle has made an incredible impact on theater and history. By

focusing on the African-American experience, Wilson offered a fresh perspective that challenged the

prevailing narratives seen on stage. His plays brought depth and complexity to characters giving

them the humanity often missing in works. The cycle serves as a link to preserving the history and

culture of African Americans ensuring that their stories remain alive and relevant.

Wilson's contributions have sparked dialogues about race in America. His plays have encouraged

audiences to confront issues related to the legacy of slavery, ongoing racial injustices, and how

historical trauma continues to shape communities today. By delving into the experiences of

Americans in the 20th century, Wilson illuminated universal themes such as freedom, identity and

the shared human experience. The Pittsburgh Cycle has received acclaim earning two Pulitzer

Prizes and a Tony Award for Best Play. These plays have been staged nationwide captivating

audiences from all backgrounds and ethnicities. In particular educational settings and programs,

Wilsons work serves as a resource for teaching about African American history and literature to new

generations.

In conclusion, August Wilson left a lasting impression on the theater scene in the United States.

Wilsons famous work, the Pittsburgh Cycle, comprises ten plays set in decades of the 20th century

that delve into the African American experience during those times. His contributions are significant

as he depicted life realistically capturing its complexities, challenges and victories unlike previous

stage portrayals. Wilson crafted characters that were multi dimensional and authentic giving a voice

to a community often overlooked or misrepresented in history. Wilson's plays shed light on the

challenges African Americans faced, touching on themes like racism, discrimination, economic

disparity and the fight for equal rights. Additionally, his writing played a role in promoting diversity

and inclusivity in theater. By proving that productions centered around the experience could be both

artistically impactful and commercially successful, Wilson paved the way for other Black playwrights,
actors and directors to share their voices on stage. Actors such as Denzel Washington and Viola

Davis have credited Wilson's work with shaping their careers and providing opportunities to portray

layered characters. Washington's involvement in Broadway revivals of "Fences" and "The Piano

Lesson" and Davis’ performances in productions like "King Hedley II" reflect the enduring influence

of Wilson's contributions to theater.The August Wilson Monologue Competition stands as a tribute to

Wilsons impact. Established in 2008, this contest offers high school students the chance to

showcase monologues from Wilson's plays and vie for scholarships and rewards. By doing so, it has

introduced a generation of actors to Wilsons artistry and solidified his position in American theater

history. In essence, August Wilson's legacy resonates with audiences deeply. Through his works, he

presented an impactful portrayal of the American journey paving the way for increased diversity and

inclusivity in the theatrical realm while profoundly influencing numerous actors careers. His plays

continue to be staged and analyzed today with his influence evident in the playwrights, performers

and productions he has inspired. The National August Wilson Monologue Competition ensures that

his legacy will endure through generations of actors who will celebrate and perform his works.

Wilsons invaluable contribution to American theater guarantees that his plays will endure as

components of tradition for years to come.

August Wilson. britannica.com. https://www.britannica.com/biography/August-Wilson.

Wilson, August. Gem of the Ocean. www.scribd.com.

https://www.scribd.com/document/447263902/Gem-Of-The-Ocean-August-Wilson

Wilson, August. Joe Turner’s Come and Gone. www.hackensackschools,com.

https://www.hackensackschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=925&dat

aid=7635&FileName=august%20wilson%20joe%20turner_s%20come%20and%20gone.pdf

Wilson, August. Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom.

https://script-pdf.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ma-raineys-black-bottom-script-pdf.pdf
Wilson, August. The Piano Lesson.

https://script-pdf.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ma-raineys-black-bottom-script-pdf.pdf

Wilson, August. Two Trains Running.

https://www.simeonca.org/ourpages/auto/2015/3/25/43843568/two%20trains%20running.pdf

Wilson, August. Fences. www.augustwilsonstudygroup.wordpress.com.

https://augustwilsonstudygroup.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fences1.pdf

Wilson, August. Jitney. www.augustwilsonstudygroup.wordpress.com.

https://augustwilsonstudygroup.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/jitney.pdf

Wilson, August. King Hedley II.

https://www.scribd.com/document/446352324/Wilson-August-King-Hedley-II-2001

Wilson, August. Radio Golf.

https://www.pghschools.org/cms/lib/PA01000449/Centricity/Domain/809/Radio%20Golf%20En

g%203.pdf

National August Wilson Monologue Competition. Kenny Leon’s True Colors Theatre Company.

https://truecolorstheatre.org/august-wilson-monologue-competition/