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32 views15 pages

Network

Uploaded by

adm.adm.90909.m
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© © All Rights Reserved
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‫ﺷﺑﻛﺎت‬

Classful Addressing

(Class 5)
Classful Addressing
■ An IP address is an address that has information about
how to reach a specific host, especially outside the LAN.
An IP address is a 32-bit unique address having an
address space of 232.
■ Classful IP addressing is a way of organizing and
managing IP addresses, which are used to identify
devices on a network. Think of IP addresses like street
addresses for houses; each device on a network needs
its unique address to communicate with other devices. In
this article, we will discuss Classful IP addresses, and
their types in detail.
Need For Classful Addressing
■ Initially in 1980’s IP address was divided into
two fixed part i.e., NID(Network ID) = 8bit, and
HID(Host ID) = 24bit. So there are 28 that is 256
total network are created and 224 that is 16M
Host per network.
■ There are one 256 Networks and even a small
organization must buy 16M computer(Host) to
purchase one network. That’s why we need
classfull addressing.
Classful Addressing
In classful addressing, the address
space is divided into five classes:
A, B, C, D, and E.

Finding the classes in binary and dotted-decimal notation


• IP addresses are globally managed by Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority(IANA) and Regional Internet
Registries(RIR).
• While finding the total number of host IP addresses, 2
IP addresses are not counted and are therefore,
decreased from the total count because the first IP
address of any network is the network number and
whereas the last IP address is reserved for broadcast IP.
Anatomy of an IP Address
• The IP address consists of two components:
• First component is the network portion of the address,
consisting of the network bits.
• Second component is the host portion of the address,
consisting of the host bits. They consist of the remaining
bits not included with the network bits. The part of an IP
address that identifies a host.
IP Address Classes

• IP addresses are globally managed by Internet Assigned Numbers


Authority(IANA) and Regional Internet Registries(RIR).
• While finding the total number of host IP addresses, 2 IP addresses
are not counted and are therefore, decreased from the total count
because the first IP address of any network is the network number
and whereas the last IP address is reserved for broadcast IP.
Class A

•2^24 – 2 = 16,777,214 host ID (DEVICES)


Class B

•2^14 = 16384 network address


•2^16 – 2 = 65534 host address (DEVICES)
Class C

•2^21 = 2097152 network address


•2^8 – 2 = 254 host address
Class D
Class E
■ IP addresses belonging to class E are reserved for experimental
and research purposes. IP addresses of class E range from
240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255. This class doesn’t have any subnet
mask. The higher-order bits of the first octet of class E are always
set to 1111.
Summary
Example
Find the class of each address?
a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111
e. 192.168.0.0
f. 172.16.0.1
Solution
a. The first bit is 0. This is a class A address.
b. The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C
address.
c. The first byte is 14; the class is A.
d. The first byte is 252; the class is E.
Problems with Classful Addressing

■ The problem with this classful addressing method is that millions of


class A addresses are wasted.
■ Many of the class B addresses are wasted.
■ The number of addresses available in class C is so small that it
cannot cater to the needs of organizations.
■ Class D addresses are used for multicast routing and are therefore
available as a single block only.
■ Class E addresses are reserved.

Since there are these problems, Classful networking was replaced by


Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in 1993. We will be discussing
Classless addressing in the next lecture

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