Chapter 3

Chapter 3
This chapter provides an overview of the research methods used in the study. The researchers
explain the reasons behind their chosen research design for this study. The materials that were
used for data collection are also described, and the procedures that were followed to carry out
this study are included. The researchers also discuss the methods used to analyze the data.
Research Design and Methodology

The method used for this study is experimental, which means the data gathered comes from
laboratory testing. The analysis utilized a quantitative method for assessing the flexural and
compressive strengths of concrete subjected to various curing procedures.
Locale of the Study

Materials
The following materials used to create the concrete pavement blocks for this study.
Fine, Coarse Aggregates and Crushed Waste Glass
Locally available (gravel) will be used as coarse aggregates, as for the fine aggregates a
percentage of sand will be replaced by crushed waste glass. A size of ____mm of crushed glass
waste will be incorporated in the mortar and standard sizes of (gravel) will be used.
Cement and Water
Premium quality general purpose cement will be used with a brand name of Holcim which is a
formulation of Portland cement with advanced mineral additives, conforming to both ASTM
C595 and PNS 063. Tap water will be used for preparing the concrete. It will also be used for
the curing process of the concrete.
Preparation of Specimens
There will be a n number of brick samples that are molded in moulders with nominal
dimensions of 4 x 8 inches (100 x 200 mm), with thicknesses from 2 1/2 to 4 inches (60 to 100
mm). The tops of the bricks will be marked for identification purposes and immediately after this
the specimens will be kept in a cool place. The specimens will be removed after 24 hours. The
curing age will be considered are 7 days, 13 days, 21 days, and 28 days.
Methodology
Phase 1 : Concrete Mix Proportioning and Slump Test

Phase 2 : Implementation of Curing Methods
Curing Methods
The test specimens will be cured under three types of curing methods and will be cured until the
day of testing. The curing method to be done are membrane curing, immersion curing and
sprinkling of water .
Membrane Curing
Membrane curing is a concrete curing method that involves a sealing compound such as Rubber
latex emulsions, Bituminous and asphalt emulsions and Emulsions of paraffin or boiled linseed
oil. The sealing compounds functions as a protective layer that restrict evaporation of water in
concrete.
Immersion Curing
Immersion curing is a traditional method of concrete curing. This process involves a curing
pond wherein the specimens are immersing in water in the pond and will be covered with a
plastic sheet or tarp. This prevents evaporation, provides an even distribution of temperature and
maintains a consistent moisture in the specimen.
Sprinkling of Water
In this method the specimens will be kept moist by sprinkling water 2 times daily specifically
early morning and late afternoon until the date of testing.
After curing the specimens for 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days, The Specimens will be transported
to the laboratory ( RMMC) for testing .Compression test and (split tensile test) of concrete will
be done to determine it compressive stress. The test for flexural strength of concrete will
determine the flexural strength of the small size of concrete. The specimen will undergo an
applied load in the center point of the simple beam slowly until the beam breaks and the
Universal testing machine provides its maximum load.
Phase 3 : Testing of Specimen
After curing the specimens for 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days, The Specimens will be transported
to the laboratory ( RMMC) for testing .Compression test and (split tensile test) of concrete will
be done to determine it compressive stress. The test for flexural strength of concrete will
determine the flexural strength of the small size of concrete. The specimen will undergo an
applied load in the center point of the simple beam slowly until the beam breaks and the
Universal testing machine provides its maximum load.
All testing involving the flexural and compressive stress of the concrete specimens will be
performed using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM).
Moisture Content
In determining the moisture content. The experiment used determination by weight. We filled the
container to the brim with water and measured the weight in grams. Then the container was set to
dry condition. The weight of the sample was determined. With the sample still in the mould, the
container was filled with water until the original mark was removed and the entrained air and
weight in grams were determined. Then, the amount of water displaced by the sample was
calculated as follows:
Vs = Wc + Ws – W
Where:
Vs – weight of water as displaced by the sample
Wc – weight of water
Ws – weight of the sample
W – weight of the sample with water
The total moisture content on dry basis (Pt) was calculated given
the formula.
Pt = Pd + Pa
Where: Pd = P[1 + (Pa/100)]
Burlaps
Air Dry Curing

This curing method involves leaving the specimens outside in the open air without treatment
during the curing period, which will alter their strength.

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Chapter 3

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Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

Locale of the Study

Fine, Coarse Aggregates and Crushed Waste Glass

Cement and Water

Phase 1 : Concrete Mix Proportioning and Slump Test

Phase 3 : Testing of Specimen

Air Dry Curing

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