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IN MY CLASS
 Topic: Operating system and application programs

Ratna Das
Lesson-03

Nursing Instructor
Chattogram Nursing College,
Chattogram.
 Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson students will be able to-

1. Define software .
2. Explain the types of software.
3. State the importance of software.
Lesson-03

4. Define the term of system software.

5. Mention the types of system software.
6. Enlist the features of system software.
7. Explain basic functions of system software.
8. Describe difference between hardware and
software.
 What is Hardware and Software

Hardware
All physical contents of computer are hardware. This form is
given to all electrical and mechanical devices attached to the
computer for the purpose of input, process, and storage and
output operations.

Software
Software is a general term used for computer Programs. A
computer program is a planned, step by step set of instructions
that directs the computer what to do and how to do.
 Definition of software

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs that tell a

computer how to work
Or
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to
operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the
opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of
a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to
applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. It can
be thought of as the variable part of a computer, while
hardware is the invariable part.
 Type or classification of Software
It is a collection of data that is given to the computer to
complete a particular task. The chart below describes the
types of software:
 Cont.. Type or classification of Software
Above is the diagram of types of software. Now we will briefly describe each
type and its subtypes:
The two main categories of software are below
1. Application software: An application is software that fulfills a specific
need or performs tasks.
 General Purpose Software
 Customize Software
2. System software. System software is designed to run a computer's
hardware and provides a platform for applications to run on top of.
 Operating System
 Programming Language Translators
 Device Drivers
 Utility Software.
 Firmware Software
 Cont.. Type or classification of Software
1. Application software: An application is software that fulfills a
specific need or performs tasks.
Types of Application Software:
There are different types of application software and those are:
General Purpose Software: This type of application software is
used for a variety of tasks and it is not limited to performing a
specific task only. For example, MS-Word, MS-Excel, Power Point,
etc.
Customized Software: This type of application software is used or
designed to perform specific tasks or functions or designed for
specific organizations. For example, railway reservation system,
airline reservation system, invoice management system, etc.
 Cont.. Type or classification of Software
2. System software. System software is designed to run a
computer's hardware and provides a platform for applications to
run on top of.
Types of System Software
It has several subtypes which are:

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer

user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software
which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory
management, process management, handling input and output,
and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
 Cont.. Type or classification of Software
Language Processor: As we know that system software
converts the human-readable language into a machine language
and vice versa. So, the conversion is done by the language
processor. It converts programs written in high-
level programming languages like Java, C, C++, Python, etc.

Device Driver: A device driver is a program or software that

controls a device and helps that device to perform its functions.
Every device like a printer, mouse, modem, etc. needs a driver to
connect with the computer system eternally.
 Cont.. Type or classification of Software
Utility Software: This type of system software is used to support
the computer infrastructure. It is designed to analyze, configure,
optimize and maintains the system, and take care of its
requirements as well. For example, antivirus, disk fragmenter,
memory tester, disk repair, disk cleaners, registry cleaners, disk
space analyzer, etc.

Firmware: pre-installed low-level software that controls a

device’s basic functions.

Boot loaders: software that initializes the operative system

during startup.
 Importance of software

●The economies of all developed nations are dependent on software.

●More and more systems are software controlled.
● Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for
professional software development.
●Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP (Gross
National Product) in all developed countries.
●Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The costs of
software on a PC are often greater than the hardware cost.
● Software costs more to maintain than to develop. For systems with a
long life, maintenance costs may be several times developments costs.
● Software engineering is concerned with cost effective development.
 Con.. OR (Importance of software)

Communication: Software applications like email clients, instant

messaging platforms, and social media networks facilitate
communication and collaboration among individuals, teams, and
organizations worldwide.

Education: Educational software such as learning management

systems (LMS), interactive tutorials, virtual classrooms, and
educational games help students and educators in teaching,
learning, and accessing educational resources.
 Importance of software

Business and Finance: Software applications for accounting,

payroll management, enterprise resource planning (ERP),
customer relationship management (CRM), and financial
analysis aid businesses in managing operations, finances, and
customer interactions efficiently.

Healthcare: Healthcare software solutions include electronic

health records (EHR), medical billing systems, telemedicine
platforms, diagnostic tools, and healthcare management
systems, which enhance patient care, streamline administrative
processes, and improve medical outcomes.
 Importance of software

Entertainment: Software is prevalent in the entertainment

industry, powering video streaming services, music platforms,
gaming consoles, multimedia editing tools, virtual reality (VR)
experiences, and augmented reality (AR) applications for
entertainment and leisure activities.

Transportation: Transportation software such as GPS

navigation systems, ride-sharing apps, logistics management
platforms, traffic monitoring systems, and airline reservation
systems facilitate efficient movement of goods and people,
optimize routes, and enhance transportation safety.
 Importance of software

E-commerce: E-commerce platforms, online marketplaces,

shopping carts, payment gateways, inventory management
systems, and recommendation engines enable consumers to
shop online conveniently and businesses to manage online
sales operations effectively.

Utilities and Home Automation: Smart home devices, energy

management systems, home security solutions, and IoT
(Internet of Things) applications leverage software to automate
household tasks, monitor energy consumption, enhance
security, and improve overall comfort and convenience.
 Importance of software
Manufacturing and Industrial Automation: Software-driven
technologies such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-
aided manufacturing (CAM), robotics, programmable logic
controllers (PLC), and industrial control systems optimize
manufacturing processes, increase productivity, and ensure
quality control in industrial settings.

Research and Development: Scientific research, engineering

simulations, data analysis, and computational modeling rely on
software tools and algorithms to explore complex phenomena,
analyze data, simulate scenarios, and develop innovative
solutions across various fields of study and industry sectors.
 Definition of system software

System software is computer software designed to operate the

computer hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to
provide a platform for running application software.

• System software includes device drivers, operating systems,

servers, utilities, and window systems.

• System software is responsible for managing a variety of

independent hardware components, so that they can work
together harmoniously.
 Type or classification of system Software

1.Operating System
2.Programming Language Translators
3.Device Drivers
4.Firmware Software
5.Utility Software
There are mainly two main types of firmware chips:
•BIOS (Basic Input/output System) chip.
•UEFI (Unified Extended Firmware Interface) chips.
Features of System Software

The most important features of system software are as below.

1.Memory Management: Operating system perform memory
management. The OS keeps track of the primary memory and
allocates the memory when a process requests it.
2.Processor Management: Operating system performs process
management. Allocates the main memory (RAM) to a process
and de-allocates it when it is no longer required.
3.File Management: Operating system perform file
management. Allocates and de-allocates the resources and
decides who gets the resources.
Cont.. Features of System Software

4.Security: Prevents unauthorized access to programs

and data using passwords.
5.Error-detecting Aids: Production of dumps, traces,
error messages, and other debugging and error-
detecting methods.
6.Scheduling: The Operating system schedules the
process through its scheduling algorithms.
Functions of System Software

• Control system
• Manage machine resources
• Provides services to programmer or to application software
• Often written in assembler
• May run at all times computer is on
• Almost always a package- one off development of system
software would be prohibitive
• Common handles several processes at once
 Difference between hardware and software
Hardware Software
Hardware is a physical part of the Software is the program which is
computer executed by CPU
It can be touched It can not be touched
Hardware is tangible Software is intangible
Hardware can perform any task Software can not be executed without
without software hardware
Hardware is physical part of the Software is set of instructions that
computer that cause processing data tells a computer exactly what to do
Hardware is repaired in case of Software is debugged in case of
problem problem
Ex: Keyboard, mouse, CPU, monitor Ex: MS word, Excel, MYSQL,
etc. Photoshop, etc.
Have you any question ?
 References:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-and-its-types/

Lecture 5 - Software and it's types.pdf. retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lecture-5-software-and-its-
typespdf/266844006#3

What is System Software? – Definition, Types, Examples ...retrieved

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/system-software/

Different Types of Software with Examples - A Complete ...retrieved

https://squareboat.com/blog/different-types-of-software-with-examples