CELL CYCLE CELL CYCLE

The sequence of events

by which a cell duplicates its
genome , synthesizes cell constituents and

divides is known Cell

eventually as
Cycle -
> Regulation of cell cycle
Cytoplasmic growth continuous process 1) Cyclin protein activates
*
2
is a .
Prevent
cell
unchecked
division 5 2) Cyclin dependent Kinase enzyme

WHY DOES CELL DIVIDE can add or remove

POq- group to a

I es and
A cell
continuously grows Nucleo
cytoplasmic ratio gets
unstable
.
chemical
I
-

Emm3
GROWTH Nuclear
region
= Unstable
#
Phosphorylating specific
Max Cytoplasmic region targets so
they can cause

·-
> Max activation
of DNA replicat
↓ Tyroplasm
Control >
-
·control

-
enzymes
So cell will divide to restore the
Matio
O
.

↓
Nucleus
Nucleus

↑
↑

Cytoplasm
24 hrs
# NOTE : -

Division o
f> - Typical Euk cell =

Yeast cell = 90 min

 PHASES OF CELL CYCLE vo Some cells
may usually
not exhibit division or

M-PHASE (MITOTIC PHASE) >

-
s <S% time
·T2 Go occasionally divide They exit the G phase
to enter inactive
.

stage of cell cycle

,

3
.

3
Also known as Quiescent
stage and
u

Prophase only proliferate/divide

Metaphaser
- cells here

-
Karyokis is when needed
- injury
-

> OPMATO Most *

cell death

organelle Metabolically active but

·

>
- Telophase dup lication Mitotically least active
·
RNA + Amino acids +
few proteins Eg
:Lymphocyteis
>
-
Cytokinesis Gi synthesis

b LONGEST y to · Cell
No
Meplication
is

of
active
metabolically DNA %
% time
-
Kinesis
·

cell in size
simply grous INTERPHASE
·

3
Telophase
~
- ·
ATP synthesis high 4* i ss u e s

prophase i Anaphase ( WAITING MERISTEM)

RESTING PHASE
=>

O
·
carries out normal ·

metabolism
. ·

DNA replication T
·
-

Go
=
e
·
> 4)
Amount 21- % G, (Gapi)
6
-
·

② Metaphase ·
Centride replication in
(synthesis)
Anaphase S
F cytoplasm
.

=> prophaseCytoplasmic
·
growth
S
# NOTE
G2 (Gapa)

!
-

Chromosome
synthesised
·
Proteins
-
·
are
V
in
preparation for mitosis duplicates but
Typical Eok cells :
+ RNA + Amino Acids no not increase

2n - 2n
·
G , - 99hrs (longest)
G2 · S >
- 7 has
> 4 hrs (shortest)
G2-
Remaining
·
·

organelle like
Mitochondria & plastids
divide here .
 M-PHASE >
- Most dramatic phase of cell
cycle : It involves a
major reorganisation

37 of virtually components of
all cell
LEquational
.

Division
Progressive process >
- Clear cut lines cannot be drawn blu 4
stages.
End of prophase : chromosomes

·
chromosomal
& DNA
-
Untangles
11
>
- NEER , GCs "
DS
completely
Condensation
/
nucleolus- = condensed
I
-

- 13

forms 2
" -X
-
begins disappears -
- Spindle
-

compact
PARENT 2 aster fibres
↑
+
start to
mitotic
NUCLEI
Spindle fibre
chromosomes
E
us o 4/ Mitotic apparatus ⑧zKinetochore
attach at

&Po
Centrosome
-
-

-
1

#
-
~
terformat"
&

= 5%
moving >
- I
starts > - .

towards oppo poles EARLY PROPHASE LATE PROPHASE TRANSITION TO METAPHASE

> Nucleolus , NE , ER, GC

-
Chromatic
fibres to to
↑
Spindle all reappear
&
333
have attached to
: : Separat
Kinetochores
chromosomal
- Centromere

Dg > splits
- Cluster

& chromatids ↓

~
chromosomes
align at the
⑧ more toward Decondensed
↓
equatorial oppo poles

333333
*
lost
metaphase Identity
=

or

plate 2
Best to
L stage
= 5%
study anatomy/ p
= 5%
.

shape of
. .

Best to
stage easily . .

chromosome
understand
morphology METAPHASE ANAPHASE
of chromosomes TELOPHASE