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Introduction To Trees in Data Structures

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Introduction To Trees in Data Structures

Uploaded by

octoberea6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Trees in Data
Structures
Trees are a fundamental data structure in
computer science, used to represent
hierarchical relationships between data. They
consist of nodes connected by edges, with a
root node at the top and child nodes
branching out from it. Trees are crucial for
efficient data storage and manipulation.
Defining Trees
In a tree, each node can have zero or more child nodes. The topmost
node is called the root, and the nodes without any children are called leaf
nodes. Trees can have different properties and be classified into various
types based on their structure and characteristics.
Types of Trees
1-Red-Black Trees

Another type of self-balancing binary search tree with red and black node
coloring.
Types of Trees
2-N-ary Trees

Each node can have any number of child nodes, up to a maximum of N.


Types of Trees
3-AVL Trees

A self-balancing binary search tree that maintains a height-balanced property.


Types of Trees
4-Heap Trees

Specialized trees used for implementing priority queues.


Types of Trees

5Decision Trees-

.Used for classification and prediction tasks


Types of Trees
BiBinary TreesBinary Tr

6-Binary Trees

Each node has at most two child nodes.


Each node has at most two child nodes.
Binary Trees
Definition

A binary tree is a tree data structure where each node has at most two child nodes, known as the
left child and the right child.
Binary Trees
Properties

Binary trees have several important properties, such as the ability to efficiently traverse and search
the data within them.
Binary Trees
Applications

Binary trees are widely used in computer science for tasks like file systems, decision-making
algorithms, and binary search algorithms.
Binary Search Trees
Definition 1
A binary search tree (BST) is a
binary tree where the value of each
node is greater than or equal to the 2 Searching
values in its left subtree and less Searching for a value in a BST is
than the values in its right subtree. efficient, with a time complexity of
O(log n) in the average case.

Insertion and Deletion 3


Inserting and deleting nodes in a
BST also have a time complexity of
O(log n) in the average case.
Tree Traversal Algorithms
In-Order

Visit the left subtree, then the root, and finally the right subtree.
Tree Traversal Algorithms
Pre-Order

Visit the root, then the left subtree, and finally the right subtree.
Tree Traversal Algorithms
Post-Order

Visit the left subtree, then the right subtree, and finally the root
Tree Traversal Algorithm
Level-Order

Traverse the tree level by level, visiting all nodes at each


level before moving to the next.
Tree Operations
Insertion

Adding a new node to the tree, following the tree's structural rules.

Deletion

Removing a node from the tree, restructuring the tree as needed.


Tree Operations
Searching

Locating a specific node in the tree based on its value or other criteria.

Traversal

Visiting all the nodes in the tree in a specific order, such as depth-first or breadth-first.
Conclusion and Applications
Searching and Sorting

Binary search trees and other tree structures facilitate efficient searching and sorting of data.

File Systems
Trees are used to represent the hierarchical structure of file systems, with directories as internal
nodes and files as leaf nodes
Conclusion and Applications
Decision-Making

Trees are employed in decision-making algorithms, such as those used in machine learning and
artificial intelligence.

Network Routing

Trees are used to represent network topologies and routes, enabling efficient data transmission
and communication.
Presentation by
shahd mohamed
fares mahmoud
filopatre fayk
ahmed elshena
Thank you
Thank you Thank you

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