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Programming Language

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Programming Language

Uploaded by

A I M E N
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Fortran: The first high-level language developed for scientific applications, dating back to the 1950s.

Fortran was designed for tasks that required intensive floating-point arithmetic and was efficient
enough to compete with assembly languages. It is still in use today for similar applications due to its
efficiency.

2. ALGOL 60: Developed as an alternative to Fortran for scientific applications, ALGOL 60 introduced
structured control statements and was seen as more elegant. However, its complex structure limited its
popularity despite its advanced features.

3. COBOL: The first successful high-level language for business applications, created around 1960.
COBOL is known for its features suited for business environments, including data handling for reports,
decimal arithmetic, and character data storage.

4. LISP: Originally developed in 1959, LISP became the primary language for artificial intelligence (AI)
applications before 1990, as it supported symbolic computation, a key requirement in AI.

5. Prolog: Introduced in the 1970s, Prolog became popular in AI for its support of logic programming,
which is useful for rule-based problem-solving.

6. JavaScript and PHP: These scripting languages are widely used for creating dynamic web content. They
can be embedded in HTML documents to add interactive or functional elements to web pages.

7. Java: A general-purpose language with a strong presence in web software. It was originally
implemented using a hybrid system to produce bytecode, making it portable across platforms.

8. C, C++, and Objective-C: These languages were noted for their popularity (in 2014), with C and C++
commonly used in system programming and Objective-C in software requiring object-oriented
programming.

9. Ada, C++, Java, and C#: Mentioned for their support of exception handling, a key feature for writing
reliable software by allowing programs to handle errors during execution.

10. Smalltalk: Recognized for pioneering object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, though not widely
adopted. It influenced other OOP languages.
11. Visual Basic (VB): Known for its ease in developing graphical user interface (GUI) applications, ideal
for creating user-friendly applications compared to languages like C.

12. APL: Recognized for its high expressivity, particularly with array operations, APL allows concise
programs but is challenging to read due to its extensive operator set.

13. Scheme: A functional programming language that emphasizes simplicity and orthogonality, allowing
operations through function calls.

14. F#: A functional language that also incorporates object-oriented features, supporting a blend of
functional and OOP paradigms.

15. Perl: Known for its hybrid implementation system, Perl is partially compiled and then interpreted,
balancing ease of use with efficiency.

16. Assembly Languages (e.g., IBM and VAX): Referenced in discussions about simplicity and
orthogonality in language design. These languages illustrate basic control and memory usage, with
fewer features than high-level languages.

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