A PROJECT REPORT

ON
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A PROJECT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the degree

OF

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)

To
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY,
DELHI
SUBMITTED BY:
LUCKY KUMAR JAISWAL
09791102022

UNDER THE SUPERVISION

OF
MS. NEHU GUMBER
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
 SRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(24, GT Karnal Rd, Gurdwara Nanak Piao Campus, Kirpal Bagh, Gujranwala Town, New
Delhi, Delhi, 110033)

(2022-2025)
Certificate

This is to certify that this project entitled “HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications to the “Sri
Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Management and Information Technology” through Ms. Nehu
Gumber done by Lucky Kumar Jaiswal, Roll No: 0979112022 is an is an authentic work
carried out by him/her at under my guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has
not been submitted earlier for award of any degree to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signature of the student Signature of the Guide

 Self Certificate

This is to certify that the that the dissertation/project report entitled “HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is done by me is an authentic work carried out for the partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer
Applications under the guidance of “Ms. Nehu Gumber”. The matter embodied in this project
work has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the best of my
knowledge and belief.

Signature of the student

Name of the Student: Lucky Kumar Jaiswal
Roll No: 09791102022
 Acknowledgement

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to the Board of Management of Sri Guru

Tegh Bahadur Institute of Management and Information Technology for their kind
encouragement in doing this project and for completing it successfully. I am grateful to them.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Nehu Gumber for your guidance and
support throughout the development of our Restaurant Website. The invaluable insights and
mentorship I have received has been instrumental in my success. I would also like to
acknowledge the effort and commitment of my parents & friends. Their constant motivation
encouraged me to complete this project.
PROJECT SYNPOSIS
1.Title of the Project-
Hospital Management System

2.Statement About the Problem-

The management of hospitals involves a wide range of complex tasks, including patient care,
staffing, medical records, scheduling, billing, and inventory control. Traditionally, these tasks
are handled manually or with fragmented systems, leading to inefficiencies, increased chances
of human error, delays, and poor coordination among departments. Without an integrated
system, hospitals may struggle to deliver optimal care, maintain accurate patient data, manage
resources effectively, and comply with regulations.

The problem is compounded by the increasing number of patients, the diversity of medical
services offered, and the need for real-time access to information. This leads to challenges
such as:

 Inaccurate or delayed patient information: Patient data might be entered incorrectly,

leading to complications in treatment or medication administration.

 Poor communication among departments: Nurses, doctors, and administrative staff

may not have timely access to important information, leading to inefficiencies and
delays.

 Inefficient resource management: Hospitals may face challenges in tracking available

medical supplies, rooms, or staff schedules.

 Billing and financial management issues: Manual billing processes can lead to
mistakes, delayed payments, and difficulty in tracking the financial health of the
hospital.

 Compliance risks: Adhering to healthcare regulations and maintaining patient

confidentiality are difficult without proper systems in place.

The goal of the Hospital Management System (HMS) is to address these challenges by
providing a comprehensive, integrated solution to automate and streamline hospital processes,
ensuring better patient care, improved operational efficiency, and easier compliance with
healthcare standards
3.Why the Particular Topic is Chosen

The topic of developing a Hospital Management System (HMS) was chosen to address the
growing demand for efficient, digital solutions in the healthcare industry, driven by the
increasing complexity of hospital operations and the need for improved patient care. With the
rapid adoption of digital technologies in healthcare, hospitals are under pressure to streamline
their workflows, enhance operational efficiency, and deliver a higher standard of care. To
meet these demands, there is a clear need for a comprehensive, integrated platform that can
seamlessly manage various aspects of hospital operations, including patient records,
appointment scheduling, medical billing, inventory management, and staff coordination.

This project aims to develop a robust solution that not only simplifies the administrative side
of hospital operations but also improves the quality of care by providing real-time access to
critical information. From patient registration and medical history tracking to
appointment scheduling, prescription management, and billing—the system will ensure
smooth, error-free workflows across departments. In addition, it will enable real-time updates
on appointments, patient status, and treatment progress, improving communication between
medical staff and enhancing patient satisfaction.

4.Objective and Scope of the project

Objective of the Project

The objective of this project is to develop a robust, comprehensive Hospital Management

System (HMS) designed to streamline and enhance the entire process of managing hospital
operations, from patient registration to treatment, billing, and staff coordination. The platform
offers an intuitive, user-friendly interface for patients and medical staff, enabling patients to
easily access hospital services such as appointment scheduling, viewing their medical records,
and making secure payments for medical procedures and bills. This streamlined experience
ensures that patients can quickly access the care they need, contributing to a positive and
engaging experience within the healthcare environment.
For hospital administrators, medical staff, and other authorized personnel, the system provides
powerful tools to effectively manage and monitor hospital operations. The platform includes a
range of administrative functionalities, allowing authorized users to update patient records in
real time, track the status of medical procedures, manage billing and payment statuses, and
perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations on patient data, staff schedules, and
medical inventory. This capability ensures that administrators and healthcare providers can
efficiently manage patient care, allocate resources effectively, and adjust hospital operations
based on real-time data.

Overall, this project aims to deliver a fully integrated, user-centric solution that enhances
patient satisfaction, optimizes hospital operations, and supports healthcare professionals in
providing high-quality care. By leveraging advanced technologies and streamlining hospital
management processes, the HMS will improve overall operational efficiency, reduce
administrative burdens, and contribute to a better healthcare experience for both patients and
providers.

Scope of the Project:

The scope of this project encompasses the development of a full-featured Hospital

Management System (HMS) that serves both patients and administrators. Key aspects of
the system include:

1. User Management: The system allows users (patients, doctors, nurses, and
administrators) to create accounts, log in, and update their profiles. Different user roles
(Admin, Doctor, Nurse, Patient) control access to various functionalities, ensuring
appropriate access to sensitive data and services.

2. Patient Record Management: Administrators and healthcare professionals (doctors,

nurses) can add, update, or remove patient records, including details like medical
history, treatments, prescriptions, and lab results. This ensures a comprehensive, up-to-
date view of patient health information.

3. Appointment Management: Patients can schedule, reschedule, or cancel

appointments online, and healthcare staff (such as doctors and administrators) can
 track and manage these appointments. The system also sends reminders and updates to
patients and staff regarding appointment status and changes.

4. Billing and Payment Integration: A secure payment gateway (such as Stripe or

another trusted platform) is integrated for safe and seamless transactions. Patients can
pay for consultations, treatments, and medical procedures directly through the system,
with real-time updates on payment status.

5. Feedback and Ratings: Patients can rate their experience with doctors, nurses, and
other hospital services, and provide feedback on their care. This helps administrators
and healthcare providers improve service quality and patient satisfaction by
identifying areas for improvement.

6. Security and Authentication: The system incorporates secure authentication

mechanisms such as JWT tokens for user sessions, OTP-based verifications for
sensitive actions (e.g., billing or appointment changes), and role-based access control
(RBAC) to ensure the privacy and security of patient data. These features safeguard
sensitive healthcare information and ensure that only authorized personnel can access
specific data.

This Hospital Management System is designed to be scalable and adaptable, allowing for
future enhancements such as integration with external healthcare systems, handling
patient complaints, offering telemedicine services, and incorporating more advanced to
improve patient care, resource allocation, and operational efficiency.

5. Analysis, Design, Development and Testing Methodology

Analysis Methodology

The analysis phase focuses on understanding the requirements of the restaurant management
website, including features for both customer and administrator roles. Requirements are
gathered through stakeholder interviews and market research, identifying essential
functionalities like user management, dish management, order processing, payment
integration, AI-based assistance, and feedback collection. This phase ensures a clear
understanding of project goals and helps define the scope, creating a foundation for the design
and development stages.

Design Methodology

The design methodology involves creating a structured plan for the website's user interface
and database schema. Using tools like ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagram), wireframes, and
user flow diagrams, this phase outlines the layout, navigation, and interactions for different
user roles. The focus is on an intuitive, user-friendly interface for customers and a robust,
role-based dashboard for administrators, ensuring efficient functionality and a seamless user
experience. Database design is aligned with the ERD to support efficient data storage and
retrieval.

Development Methodology

Database: The system will utilize the SQLITE Database, an open-source and freely available
database management system. SQLITE offers reliability, scalability, and robustness, making it
suitable for handling the storage and retrieval of patient information, appointments, medical
records, and other relevant data within the HMS. Operating System: The development
environment for the HMS will be Windows 2000. This choice of operating system provides a
stable platform for software development and allows for seamless integration with the
required development tools and technologies.
Web-Based: The HMS will be developed as a web-based application, accessible through web
browsers. This approach allows for greater flexibility and convenience, enabling users to
access the system from various devices (e.g., desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones)
with an internet connection. A web-based application also facilitates centralized data
management, real-time updates, and remote access, which are essential for efficient hospital
management and seamless collaboration among stakeholders

Testing Methodology

The testing methodology involves rigorous testing at each development stage to ensure
functionality, security, and usability. Key testing phases include:

1. Unit Testing: Each component, such as login, payment processing, and CRUD
operations, is tested individually to verify that each unit performs as expected.
 2. Integration Testing: Testing the interaction between components, like the connection
between order management and payment processing, to ensure seamless data flow.

3. User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Conducted with feedback from potential users to
ensure the platform meets end-user expectations.

4. Security Testing: Ensures secure authentication, payment processing, and data

handling to protect user information.

5. Performance Testing: Evaluates website responsiveness and stability under different

loads to ensure consistent performance.

Each testing phase addresses potential issues, enhancing the platform's reliability and user
experience before deployment. This approach ensures a high-quality, secure, and functional
restaurant management website.

6.Hardware and Software To be Used

Hardware Interface:
- Operating system: window, Linux, MacOS
- Hard disk :40GB
- RAM: 256 MB o Processor: Pentium(R)Dual-core CPU

Software Interface:
- SQLITE 8.2
- Python 3.8

Communication Interface:
- Window
- Linux

7.Testing Technologies to be used

 Postman
Postman was utilized for API testing, verifying the reliability of RESTful
endpoints for functionalities like user authentication, order management, and
 dish updates. It ensured that requests and responses between frontend and
backend were accurate, making it essential for end-to-end API testing.
 Jest
Jest was used for unit testing on both the frontend and backend, helping to
ensure code reliability and accuracy. This included testing components,
business logic, and API interactions to maintain the quality and functionality of
key features within the application.
 Stripe-Webhooks
Stripe webhooks were integrated to handle payment events in real time, like
payment success or failure notifications. Testing these webhooks involved
simulating events through Stripe’s dashboard and Postman, ensuring that the
system responded appropriately to payment-related updates, and verified that
payments were securely processed.

8.What contribution/value addition would the project make

 Improved Patient Experience: The Hospital Management System (HMS) provides a

seamless platform for patients to easily schedule appointments, view medical records,
track treatments, enhancing their overall healthcare experience.
 Operational Efficiency: Administrators and healthcare staff can efficiently manage
patient data, update medical records, track appointments, and handle billing processes.
This streamlines daily hospital operations, reducing administrative workload and
minimizing errors.
 Data-Driven Insights: Patient feedback and ratings, along with treatment outcomes,
help healthcare administrators and medical staff identify trends in patient care and
satisfaction. These insights support data-backed decision-making, enabling hospitals
to improve service quality and optimize resource allocation.
 Secure Patient Data : The system integrates seamless processing of consultations,
treatments, and medical procedures. JWT-based authentication ensures patient data
privacy and role-based access control to protect sensitive information, fostering trust
in the platform.
  Scalability for Future Features: The HMS is designed to support future
enhancements, such as integrating telemedicine services, advanced for predictive
healthcare analytics, patient complaint handling, and personalized care
recommendations. This scalability ensures that the system can grow and adapt to
future technological advancements and evolving healthcare needs.

9.Limitations of the Project

 Limited Customization Options for Patients

Patients may not have the ability to extensively customize their treatment plans or
appointment preferences beyond basic selections. This limitation could impact patient
satisfaction, especially for those with specific medical needs or preferences, such as
choosing particular healthcare providers or adjusting appointment times.

 Dependence on Stable Internet

The Hospital Management System (HMS) requires a stable internet connection to

function optimally. Patients or hospital staff with poor connectivity may experience
delays or difficulties accessing medical records, scheduling appointments, or
processing payments, which could lead to frustration and inefficiencies in the system.

 Scalability and Performance Challenges

As the hospital's user base (patients, staff, etc.) grows and more data is processed,
there may be performance bottlenecks if hosting or database services are not scaled
appropriately. Without proper scalability measures, the HMS could experience slow
response times or downtime during peak usage, impacting both patient care and
hospital operations.

 Limited Discounts and Promotional Features

Although the system may support basic discount functionality (e.g., for insurance or
payment plans), it may not have a comprehensive system to apply discounts based on
specific criteria, such as seasonal promotions or special events. This limitation could
hinder marketing strategies and patient engagement, as hospitals may miss
opportunities to attract new patients or retain existing ones with special offers.

 Feature Constraints
 The system may lack comprehensive **inventory management** features, such as
tracking medical supplies, medications, and equipment in real-time. Without these
capabilities, hospitals could face issues like overselling or running out of critical
resources, leading to patient dissatisfaction or delayed treatments. Similarly, the
absence of robust **patient account management** features could limit patients'
ability to access past medical records, manage appointments, or save their preferences
for future visits, thus reducing engagement and convenience.

 Maintenance and Updates

Regular maintenance and updates are necessary to keep the HMS secure, functional,
and up to date with healthcare standards and regulations. Lack of resources or
expertise could lead to delays in implementing software updates or security patches,
which could compromise the system's integrity and data security, potentially putting
patient data at risk.

10.Conclusion and Future Scope for Modification

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Hospital Management System (HMS) is a computerized software designed

to streamline the operations of a hospital. It effectively stores information related to patients,
generating test reports, prescription details, and providing diet advice and medicine
information. It also manages injection details and facilitates billing for both indoor and
outdoor patients. The system includes a backup facility to ensure data security.

The purpose of this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is to outline the
specific functional and non-functional requirements of the Hospital Patient Info Management
System. It serves as a guide for the development of the project, providing a clear
understanding of the system's scope and objectives.

By implementing the HMS, hospitals can improve their efficiency, reduce paperwork, and
enhance patient care. The software enables easy access to patient information, ensuring
accurate diagnosis and treatment. It also facilitates effective communication between doctors,
nurses, and administrative staff, ultimately improving the overall management of the hospital.
Overall, the Hospital Management System is an essential tool for modernizing and optimizing
hospital operations, leading to enhanced patient experiences and improved healthcare
services.

Future Scope for Modification

 Appointment Scheduling and Management: Implementing an advanced

appointment reservation system will allow patients to schedule consultations in
advance, helping to streamline hospital operations and improve the patient experience.
This feature can include options for selecting doctors, dates, and times, as well as
automated reminders via email or SMS to reduce no-shows and optimize the hospital’s
scheduling.

 New Patient Discounts/Promotions: Offering promotional discounts or incentives,

such as discounted consultation fees for new patients or insurance partners, can attract
new patients to the hospital. This promotion could be integrated into the patient
registration process and advertised on the hospital's website, encouraging more
patients to seek care at the facility.

 Comprehensive Healthcare Service Options: Expanding the system to include

various healthcare services such as specialty consultations (e.g., cardiology,
pediatrics), diagnostic tests, and treatment plans for specific departments can improve
user navigation and make it easier for patients to find and book relevant services.
Organizing services based on medical categories will also enhance the overall patient
experience.

 Personalized Treatment Plans: Allowing patients to customize their treatment plans

based on their medical needs, preferences, or dietary requirements (e.g., specific
medication brands, preferred rehabilitation therapies) can enhance the patient
experience. This feature would allow healthcare providers to offer more personalized
care, improving patient satisfaction and outcomes.
 Role Management in Admin Panel: Introducing a role management system within
the admin panel will allow for differentiated access levels for hospital staff (e.g.,
doctors, nurses, admin staff, and hospital managers). This will enhance operational
efficiency by assigning specific tasks and responsibilities to different roles, ensuring
better coordination, security, and accountability within the hospital's operations.

 Advanced Patient Discount and Payment Management: Implementing a robust

discount and payment management system will allow the hospital to offer special
discounts for certain services, such as discounted consultation fees on specific days or
for particular patient categories (e.g., senior citizens or students). This system can
improve patient retention and attract more patients during slower periods or for routine
treatments.

 Patient Account Management: Developing patient account management features will

enable patients to save medical records, prescriptions, and previous consultations. This
would facilitate easier access to their health information for future visits and ensure
continuity of care. Additionally, patients could track their treatment history,
appointment schedules, and medication lists, encouraging better engagement and
repeat visits.

 Enhanced Performance and Scalability: As patient volume and hospital operations

expand, upgrading hosting and database infrastructure to accommodate increasing data
and user load will be crucial. Scalable solutions will ensure the system remains
responsive and reliable during peak times (e.g., during health crises, large patient
inflow, or major events). This will prevent performance bottlenecks and ensure
continuous, smooth operation of the system.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No TOPICS PAGE NO.

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-3

2. 1.1 Introduction to The Project 1

3. 1.2 Objective 1-2

3. 1.3 Scope 2-3

4. CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 4-8
DEFINITION OF PROBLEM
5. 2.1 Theoretical Background 5-6

6. 2.2 Definition of Problem 6-7

7. CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN VIS- 9-24
A-VIS USER REQUIREMENTS
8. 3.1 System Analysis 9-13

9. 3.2 Design vis-a-vis User Requirements 14-21

10. 3.3 Use-case Diagram 22-24

11.. CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM PLANNING (PERT CHART) 25-30

12. 4.1 PERT CHART 27-30

13. CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY ADOPTED, SYSTEM

IMPLEMENTATION AND DETAILS OF HARDWARE AND 31-37
SOFTWARE USED SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AND
 EVALUATION
14. 5.1 Methodology Adopted 32-33

15. 5.2 System Implementation 33-34

16. 5.3 Details of Hardware & Software used 34-35

17. 5.4 System Maintenance and Evaluation 35-37

18. 38-84
CHAPTER 6: DETAILED LIFE CYCLE OF THE PROJECT
19. 6.1 ER Diagram 39-42

20. 6.2 DFD 43-47

21. 6.3 Input and Output Screen Design 48-52

22. 6.4 Process involved 52-53

23. 6.5 Methodology Used for Testing 54-58

24. 6.6 Test Report 58-60

25 6.7 Code Sheet 60-62

26. 7.Coding and Output & Screenshot 62-78

27. 7.1Conclusion and Future Scope 79-82

28. 7.2References & Bibliography 83-84

LIST OF FIGURES

S NO. NAME OF THE FIGURES PAGE NO.

1. Fig-1: Use Case Diagram 24

2. Fig-2: PERT Chart 30

3. Fig-3: ER Diagram 42

4. Fig-4: DFD Level 0 46

5. Fig 5: DFD Level 1 47

 LIST OF TABLES

S NO. NAME OF TABLES PAGE NO.

1. TB-1: TEST CASES TABLE 40-41

2. TB-2: TEST REPORT TABLE 42

3. TB-3: CODE SHEET TABLE 43-45

LIST OF SYMBOLS

SYMBOL NAME FUNCTION

Perform some transformation of its

Process input data to yield output data.

A store is a component that

represents a location where a system
Data Store stores data for later use. Data stores
are typically shown as open-ended
rectangles or two parallel lines
External Entity
An external entity in a data flow
diagram (DFD) is a system or person
outside of the system being
diagrammed that sends or receives
data to and from it:

In a repository of data, the

Data flow arrowhead indicates net input and net
outputs to store.
 Draw your system’s boundaries using
a rectangle that contains use cases.
System
Place actors outside the system’s
boundaries.

Draw use cases using ovals. Label

Use Case
the ovals with verbs that represent
the system’s functions.

Actors are the users of a system.

Actors When one system is the actor of
another system, label the actor
system with the actor stereotype.

Illustrate relationships between an

actor and a use case with a simple
line. A “uses” relationship indicates
that one use case is needed by
Relationships another to perform a task. An
“extends” relationship indicates
alternative options under a certain
use case.

CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION

In today’s fast-paced world, the demand for convenient dining options has led to a significant
transformation in the food service industry. The Restaurant Website is a cutting-edge platform
designed to cater to this evolving need by providing a seamless online ordering experience. The
website offers users the ability to explore a diverse menu, customize their orders, and enjoy
exclusive discounts, all from the comfort of their homes. With the increasing popularity of food
delivery services, the Restaurant Website aims to simplify the ordering process, allowing
customers to find their favorite dishes quickly and efficiently.

Built with user experience in mind, the website features an intuitive interface that enables users to
navigate effortlessly through various culinary options. From traditional favorites to contemporary
dishes, the Restaurant Website showcases a wide range of meal choices, accommodating various
dietary preferences and restrictions. Additionally, the platform integrates a robust backend system
for restaurant operators, allowing them to manage orders, track inventory, and analyze sales data
efficiently.

Recognizing the importance of customer retention and satisfaction, the Restaurant Website
incorporates promotional features such as discounts for new users, enhancing the platform's
appeal. Furthermore, the inclusion of a table reservation system will cater to customers who wish
to dine in, ensuring a holistic dining experience. As the restaurant industry continues to grow and
adapt to new trends, the Restaurant Website stands at the forefront, committed to providing an
exceptional online dining experience that meets the demands of modern consumers.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive Hospital

Management System (HMS) that enhances the interaction between patients and hospital
staff through a streamlined digital platform. By focusing on user experience and
operational efficiency, the system aims to facilitate seamless management of hospital
functions, such as patient scheduling, medical records, and staff coordination, while
integrating advanced technologies for improved patient support and decision-making.
The following key objectives will guide the project:
1|Page
 User-Friendly Interface: To create an intuitive and visually appealing interface that
allows patients to easily navigate the system, schedule appointments, view medical
records, and manage their accounts. This ensures a seamless and efficient experience for
both patients and healthcare providers
.
 Robust Appointment and Patient Management: To implement a secure and efficient
appointment scheduling process, enabling patients to book consultations, track their
treatment progress, and update personal health information with ease. This feature will
ensure that both patients and medical staff can stay organized and up-to-date on
appointment statuses and treatment plans.

 Comprehensive Administrative Tools: To provide hospital administrators and

healthcare professionals with powerful functionalities for managing patient data,
updating medical records, coordinating treatment plans, and overseeing hospital staff
schedules. These tools will empower administrators and healthcare providers to
effectively handle hospital operations and deliver high-quality care.

 AI-Based Patient Support: To integrate an AI assistant that enhances patient

interaction by answering inquiries, offering personalized healthcare recommendations,
providing appointment reminders, and assisting with medical queries. This AI-powered
feature will improve patient engagement, streamline hospital operations, and support
decision-making processes.

 Data-Driven Insights for Decision-Making: To leverage patient feedback, treatment

data, and AI-generated insights to inform hospital management decisions, such as
optimizing resource allocation, improving patient care, and enhancing overall hospital
services. The use of data analytics will help the hospital adapt to patient needs, identify
areas for improvement, and support continuous growth in healthcare services.

2|Page
1.3 SCOPE
• The proposed software product is the Hospital Management System (HMS). The
system will be used to get the Information from the patients and then storing that
data for future usage.

• The current system in use is a paper-based system. It is too slow and cannot
provide updated lists of patients within a reasonable time frame.

• The intentions of the system are to reduce over-time pay and increase the number
of patients that can be treated accurately. o Requirement statements in this
document are both functional and non-functional.

The scope of the Health Centre Website Project is vast, as it encompasses various aspects of
health and well-being. It provides a comprehensive platform for users to access reliable health
information, search for healthcare providers, book appointments, engage in online consultations,
and participate in a supportive community. By offering these services, the website aims to
empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health, enhance accessibility to
healthcare services, promote preventive care, and foster a sense of community among users. The
scope extends to addressing the diverse needs of users, regardless of their location or specific
health concerns, with the goal of improving overall health outcomes and contributing to a
healthier society.

3|Page
CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND &
DEFINITION OF PROBLEM

4|Page
2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

 Healthcare Management Principles: Healthcare management systems transform

traditional hospital operations by enabling digital processes for patient care,
appointments, and medical record handling. For hospitals, implementing a digital
platform enhances access to healthcare services, streamlines patient management, and
improves operational efficiency, all of which contribute to better patient outcomes and
satisfaction.
 User Experience (UX): UX design focuses on creating intuitive, user-friendly interfaces
that ensure seamless interaction between patients, healthcare providers, and
administrators. In a hospital management system, a well-designed UX ensures that
patients can easily navigate their medical records, schedule appointments, and access care
details, leading to an improved patient experience and more efficient care delivery.
 Patient Management Systems (PMS): An efficient Patient Management System (PMS)
streamlines patient registration, medical record keeping, appointment scheduling, and
treatment tracking. With real-time updates and easy access to patient information, a strong
PMS reduces administrative delays, enhances patient care, and improves communication
between departments. This efficiency is critical in ensuring smooth hospital operations
and timely medical interventions.
 Data Analytics: Integrating data analytics within a hospital management system allows
healthcare providers to monitor patient behaviors, track treatment progress, and assess
hospital performance. By analyzing patient data, hospital administrators can identify
trends, optimize resource allocation, and make informed decisions to improve both patient
care and hospital operations. Data analytics also helps in forecasting patient needs and
improving service delivery.
 Patient Data Security: Protecting patient data is crucial for maintaining trust and
complying with healthcare regulations. Implementing robust security measures, such as
encryption and secure access controls, ensures the confidentiality of sensitive patient
information. This not only builds trust but also enhances the effectiveness of the hospital's

5|Page
 digital infrastructure, supporting the safe handling of medical records and patient
interactions.

2.2 DEFINITION OF PROBLEM

Despite advancements in healthcare technology, many hospitals still face significant challenges in
managing operations efficiently and delivering high-quality patient care. The primary problems
addressed by this project include:

 Inefficient Patient Management: Traditional patient intake methods and manual record-
keeping often lead to delays, miscommunications, and errors in patient information. These
inefficiencies can result in longer wait times, missed appointments, and unsatisfactory
experiences for patients. Lost records and mistakes in treatment plans directly affect
patient care, highlighting the need for a streamlined, automated system for managing
patient information and appointments.
 Limited Patient Engagement: Many hospitals lack an effective digital presence or
platform that allows patients to easily access healthcare services, such as appointment
scheduling, viewing medical records, or communicating with healthcare providers.
Without a user-friendly interface, patients may struggle to navigate the system, leading to
frustration and increased likelihood of missed appointments or treatments. An intuitive
digital platform is critical to improving patient engagement and retention.
 Lack of Personalization in Care: Patients increasingly expect personalized healthcare,
including tailored treatment plans, specialized care recommendations, and individualized
health information. However, many hospitals lack the technology to offer this level of
service. Without advanced data analytics and AI-powered insights, it’s difficult for
hospitals to provide personalized care, leading to missed opportunities to improve patient
outcomes and satisfaction.
 Dependence on Manual Processes: Many hospital operations, such as scheduling,
medical record updates, and inventory management, are still heavily reliant on manual
processes. This increases the risk of errors, such as missed appointments, incorrect
medication orders, or lost patient records. Furthermore, manual processes can hinder the

6|Page
 hospital’s ability to scale, adapt to growing patient volumes, and maintain operational
efficiency.
 Inadequate Data Utilization: Hospitals generate a vast amount of data from patient
interactions, including medical histories, treatment plans, and feedback. However, many
hospitals fail to effectively leverage this data for actionable insights. The lack of data-
driven decision-making prevents hospitals from optimizing care plans, improving
operational efficiency, and anticipating patient needs, reducing the hospital’s ability to
remain competitive and responsive.
 Complexity in Resource and Inventory Management: Managing medical supplies,
medications, and equipment is critical to hospital operations, but often requires careful
oversight to prevent shortages or waste. Without a robust system, hospitals may struggle
to track inventory accurately, leading to stockouts, excess inventory, and disruptions in
care. Inefficient resource management directly impacts cost control, operational
efficiency, and service consistency.
 Challenges in Scaling Operations: As hospitals grow and expand to accommodate more
patients or services, scaling their operations effectively becomes increasingly difficult.
Manual and outdated systems often cannot handle the increased patient volume, service
demands, or administrative workload. This project addresses these limitations by
providing tools that simplify and automate key processes, enabling hospitals to scale
without compromising patient care or operational quality.
 Limited Feedback Integration: Capturing and utilizing patient feedback is essential for
continuous improvement in healthcare. However, many hospitals lack a structured system
to gather and analyze patient feedback on their experiences, care quality, and service
satisfaction. This leads to missed opportunities to identify areas for improvement. An
integrated feedback system can drive improvements, foster patient loyalty, and support
more informed decision-making by healthcare providers.

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 CHAPTER 3:

SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN VIS-A-VIS USER

REQUIREMENTS

8|Page
3.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis is a critical phase in the development of any software project, including a
Hospital Management System (HMS). The primary goal of system analysis is to thoroughly
understand the requirements, design an appropriate system architecture, and ensure that the
system aligns with the needs of healthcare providers, hospital staff, and patients. A successful
HMS must streamline hospital operations, improve patient care, and meet industry regulations.
Below is an enhanced overview of the system analysis phase for the Hospital Management
System:

1. Requirements Gathering:

 Documentation Review: Begin by reviewing existing hospital policies, procedures,

patient care protocols, and regulatory guidelines (e.g., HIPAA or local healthcare
regulations) to identify key requirements for the system. This helps ensure that the system
adheres to industry standards and is compliant with legal, ethical, and safety standards. It
also provides a foundation for understanding the hospital’s operational workflow and
current system limitations.
 Stakeholder Interviews: Engage with a wide range of stakeholders, including doctors,
nurses, administrative staff, hospital IT teams, and patients, to understand their needs,
challenges, and expectations. These interviews offer insights into how the hospital
currently operates and reveal areas for improvement. For example:
o Doctors/Nurses: May highlight the need for easy access to patient records,
seamless collaboration with colleagues, and real-time updates on patient care.
o Administrators: Will focus on the need for efficient resource management, staff
scheduling, and reporting features.

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 o Patients: Will emphasize ease of scheduling appointments, accessing medical
records, and receiving timely care updates.
 Workflow Analysis: Observe and analyze existing hospital workflows (e.g., patient
registration, medical record updates, appointment scheduling, discharge processes) to
uncover bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and opportunities for improvement. This step helps
ensure that the new system is designed to optimize and automate key hospital operations,
improving both staff productivity and patient satisfaction.

2. Functional Requirements Specification:

 Use Case Modeling: Identify and document various use cases that describe how different
types of users (patients, healthcare providers, administrators, and support staff) will
interact with the HMS to accomplish essential tasks. These use cases should reflect both
the day-to-day operational needs and the critical aspects of patient care. Some key use
cases include:
o Patients: Registering for the hospital system, scheduling appointments, viewing
medical history and treatment plans, requesting prescription refills, accessing test
results, and managing personal health information.
o Doctors/Nurses: Updating patient records, prescribing medications, creating
treatment plans, scheduling patient consultations, and tracking patient progress.
o Administrators: Managing patient admission and discharge processes, handling
staff schedules, overseeing hospital resources (e.g., beds, medical equipment),
generating reports, and ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations.
o Support Staff: Handling patient inquiries, scheduling tests or procedures,
coordinating patient transport, and updating patient records.
 Functional Requirements Document (FRD): The FRD should be a comprehensive,
detailed document that outlines all the functional features and components of the HMS.
Key sections of the FRD include:
o Patient Registration and Profile Management: A system for patient sign-up,
maintaining personal and medical history, and managing ongoing health records.

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 o Appointment Scheduling and Tracking: A scheduling system that allows
patients to book appointments, track doctor availability, send reminders, and
update statuses (e.g., rescheduling, cancellations).
o Medical Record Management: Real-time updates to patient charts, including
medical histories, prescriptions, test results, diagnoses, and treatment plans. This
component should ensure that healthcare providers can easily access and update
information.
o Staff Management: A system for managing staff schedules, assigning duties, and
maintaining records of work hours, leave, and performance. It may also include
staff certification tracking to ensure compliance with regulatory standards.
o Patient Discharge and Billing: A workflow to facilitate patient discharge,
including updating medical records, generating discharge summaries, and
preparing billing information.

3. Non-Functional Requirements Specification:

 Performance Requirements: Establish clear performance metrics for the system, such as
response time, system uptime, and scalability. The system should be designed to handle
peak patient volumes (e.g., during emergencies or high-traffic times) and deliver real-time
updates to healthcare providers. Performance tests should focus on system load, response
times under stress, and the ability to scale with hospital growth.
 Security Requirements: Given the sensitivity of medical data, robust security measures
are essential. These include:
o Data Encryption: To protect patient records during transmission and storage.
o User Authentication and Authorization: Role-based access control to ensure that
only authorized personnel (e.g., doctors, nurses, admins) can access certain types
of information.
o Audit Trails: To track user activities, changes made to patient records, and system
access for compliance with regulatory requirements.

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  Usability Requirements: The system must be intuitive and easy to use for both
healthcare providers and patients. Usability features include:
o Responsive Interface: The system should work seamlessly across devices
(desktop, tablet, mobile) to accommodate the diverse needs of hospital staff and
patients.
o Accessibility: The platform should be compliant with accessibility standards to
ensure it is usable for individuals with disabilities (e.g., screen readers, voice
command features).
o Simple Navigation: The interface should minimize complexity and reduce the
learning curve for new users, especially for hospital staff with limited technical
expertise.
 Reliability and Availability: Ensure that the HMS operates 24/7 without significant
downtime, particularly since healthcare operations are critical and often occur at all hours.
A robust disaster recovery plan and backup protocols should be established to prevent
data loss and ensure business continuity.

4. Data Modeling and Database Design:

 Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD): Model the relationships between core entities,

such as patients, healthcare providers, hospital departments, appointments, medical
records, and treatments. The ERD provides a clear visualization of how data is structured
and interacts across the system.
 Normalization: Apply normalization techniques to organize data efficiently, reduce
redundancy, and optimize query performance. This ensures that patient records, treatment
histories, and staff details are stored in a consistent, logical manner.
 Database Schema Design: Design a schema that supports fast data retrieval, scalability,
and security. The schema should define the structure of tables (e.g., Patients, Doctors,
Appointments, Treatments), including primary and foreign keys, relationships, and
constraints.

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3.2 DESIGN VIS-À-VIS USER REQUIREMENTS

To design the hospital management website in accordance with user requirements, we

need to translate the gathered requirements into a system architecture and user interface
design. Here's how we can approach it:

1. System Architecture:

 Frontend (Using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript):

o Responsive User Interface (UI): Develop a modular, responsive, and dynamic frontend
using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The design will focus on providing an intuitive, user-
friendly interface for different user roles (patients, doctors, nurses, and administrators).

o Component-Based Architecture: Organize the frontend using a component-based

approach, where each feature or section of the application (e.g., patient registration,
appointment scheduling, medical records, and feedback management) will be developed
as reusable components. This improves maintainability and scalability.

o Responsive Design: Use CSS media queries to ensure the interface works seamlessly
across various devices (desktops, tablets, and mobile phones). The layout will adjust
based on screen size, providing a consistent user experience.

o Client-Side Routing: Implement client-side routing using JavaScript to enable navigation

between different sections (patient portal, doctor dashboard, admin panel) without full
page reloads. This ensures a faster and smoother user experience.

o Integration with Backend: The frontend will make AJAX calls to the backend API
(using JavaScript or libraries like Axios) to retrieve data and display it dynamically,
reducing page reloads and providing real-time updates for users.
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 Backend (Using Python and Django):

o Django Framework: Choose Python's Django as the backend framework to handle

server-side logic, data processing, and user requests. Django is known for its security,
scalability, and rapid development features, making it ideal for developing a hospital
management system.

o RESTful API Design: Design and implement RESTful APIs using Django REST
Framework (DRF) to manage communication between the frontend and the backend.
These APIs will handle CRUD operations for key hospital data entities like patients,
appointments, medical records, staff, etc.

o Authentication and Authorization: Implement user authentication (using Django’s

built-in authentication system) and authorization mechanisms to control access to
different sections of the hospital management system. This can include role-based access
control (RBAC), ensuring only authorized users (e.g., doctors, nurses, admins) can
perform certain actions (e.g., updating medical records, managing appointments).

o Security Measures: Use JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for secure and stateless user
authentication, ensuring that each request to the server is validated. Additionally,
implement SSL encryption, password hashing, and proper security best practices to
protect patient data.

 Database (Using SQLITE):

SQLITE Schema Design: Design a flexible SQLITE schema to store hospital-related

data (e.g., patients, medical records, appointments, staff, prescriptions). SQLITE's
document-oriented model will allow easy handling of complex, nested data (e.g., a
patient's medical history with multiple treatments, appointments, etc.).

o Entities and Relationships: Some of the primary entities to consider for the SQLITE
schema include:
o Patients: Patient personal information, medical history, and treatment details.
o Doctors: Doctor profiles, specialties, and assigned patients.
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o Appointments: Scheduled appointments, status, and details.
o Medical Records: Medical history, diagnoses, prescribed treatments, and test results
o Staff: Employee data, roles, and work schedules.

o Data Integrity and Validation: Implement data validation and constraints to ensure data
integrity (e.g., using validation in SQLITE). The schema should also ensure that only
valid data is stored, e.g., date fields should store valid dates, appointments should be
scheduled within valid time frames, etc.

o Scalability and Performance: SQLITE offers built-in horizontal scalability, which makes
it well-suited for handling large-scale, growing hospital data. Optimize database queries
by creating indexes on frequently queried fields (e.g., patient IDs, appointment dates) to
improve query performance.

o Database Operations: Design the backend to handle essential database operations such as:

o CRUD operations for patients, appointments, medical records, etc.

o Search functionality to allow easy search by patient name, appointment date, diagnosis,
etc.

 Benefits of this Architecture:

o Modular and Scalable: React.js on the frontend ensures a dynamic and responsive user
interface, while Django’s backend provides a robust and secure environment for
managing patient data and hospital workflows.
o Flexibility: Using SQLITE allows the hospital management system to handle complex
and evolving data relationships (e.g., nested medical records, appointment logs,
patient histories).
o Efficiency: The integration between the frontend, backend, and database ensures
efficient data retrieval and updates, improving the speed and usability of the hospital
system.

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 o This architecture is designed to support the unique needs of a hospital management
system while being scalable, secure, and user-friendly.

2. User Interface Design:

1. Homepage:

o Overview of Hospital Services: Design a homepage that offers a concise and

clear overview of the hospital's services, including key features such as
appointment scheduling, medical record access, doctor profiles, and emergency
services. Highlight key functionalities like patient registration, patient portal, and
consultations.

o Featured Services: Display featured medical services, such as specialized

treatments, health check-up packages, or hospital departments (e.g., cardiology,
neurology) to engage users and make it easy to navigate to important hospital
functions.

o Quick Access to AI Assistant: Include an AI Assistant button prominently on the

homepage for quick access. This assistant can help resolve patient queries
regarding the hospital, such as:

 Booking appointments
 Finding doctors by specialty
 Accessing medical records
 Providing hospital information (e.g., visiting hours, location)
 Giving answers to common patient concerns like test results or available
services.

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 o Emergency Contact/Help Section: Highlight emergency contact numbers and
urgent care services with easy access, ensuring patients and visitors can quickly
find help when needed.

2. User-Centered Design Approach:

o Focus on User Needs: Embrace a user-centered design (UCD) approach by

focusing on the needs of different user types (patients, doctors, nurses, hospital
administrators). The system should be designed to prioritize convenience, ease of
use, and accessibility for all stakeholders.

o User Research: Conduct extensive user research to gather insights from different
hospital personnel, patients, and administrators. This can be done through:

 Surveys: To understand patient and staff satisfaction, pain points, and

feature requests.

 Interviews: To gather deeper insights into specific needs of healthcare

providers (doctors, nurses) and hospital administrators.

 Usability Testing: Test the system with real users (both patients and
hospital staff) to identify navigation issues, pain points, and areas for
improvement. Ensure that tasks such as appointment booking, medical
record viewing, and hospital staff management are intuitive and efficient.

o Personas and User Scenarios: Based on the research, create user personas (e.g.,
patient, doctor, admin staff) and user scenarios to guide design decisions. This
ensures that the website is tailored to the real needs of those who will interact with
it.

3. Information Architecture:

o Organizing Hospital Data: Develop a clear and intuitive information

architecture (IA) for the HMS, organizing content and features in a way that

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 makes sense for the users. The IA should make it easy for patients, doctors, and
administrators to find what they need without unnecessary complexity.

o Navigation: Structure the navigation to include essential features such as:

 For Patients: Patient dashboard, appointment scheduling, view medical

history, health records, and lab results.

 For Doctors/Nurses: Patient charts, schedules, prescriptions, medical

records access.

 For Admins: Hospital staff management, patient data, and resource

scheduling.

o Wireframes & User Flows: Create wireframes and user flows to map out the
website’s navigation paths and the steps users take to complete tasks like
registering as a patient, making appointments, and viewing medical records. These
visual representations help to design an efficient, logical flow of information and
interactions, improving usability.

o Intuitive Interaction: Ensure that user flows are straightforward and minimize
the number of steps required to perform key actions (e.g., booking an appointment
should take as few steps as possible).

4. Visual Design:

o Hospital Brand Identity: Define a visual design language that aligns with the
hospital’s brand and professional image. Use a clean and neutral color palette
(e.g., calming blues, whites, and soft greens) to convey trust, professionalism, and
comfort.

o Typography and Icons: Select clear, readable fonts that are easy to read across
devices and ensure accessibility for all users, including those with visual
impairments. Use intuitive iconography for hospital services like appointments,
prescriptions, medical records, and emergency services.

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 o Consistent Design: Ensure that the visual design is consistent throughout the
entire website, from the homepage to patient portals and doctor dashboards.
Consistency in typography, color scheme, button styles, and layout creates a
cohesive experience and reinforces the hospital’s brand identity.

o Mobile-First Design: Given the potential for patients and staff to use mobile
devices, prioritize responsive design. Ensure the hospital management system is
fully accessible and functional across all devices, including desktops, tablets, and
smartphones. This ensures that users can access medical information, book
appointments, and interact with healthcare staff wherever they are.

o Visual Clarity and Legibility: Ensure that all medical data, patient records, and
hospital services are presented in a clear, readable format. Avoid overwhelming
the user with too much information on a single page. Use accordion menus,
collapsible sections, or pagination to break content into manageable sections for
easier consumption.

Sample HMS Pages and Features

1. Homepage:

o Hero Section: The top section should feature a large, welcoming banner with
important links to schedule appointments, find doctors, and access emergency
services.

o AI Assistant Integration: A floating chatbot or GenAI Assistant button for users

to ask questions like "How do I book an appointment?" or "What are the visiting
hours?" or "How can I access my medical records?"

2. Patient Dashboard:

o Overview: Display the patient’s basic information (name, age, recent

appointments, etc.).

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 o Medical Records: Easy access to medical history, prescriptions, lab reports, and
doctor notes.

o Appointments: Show upcoming appointments and allow users to book or

reschedule.

o Notifications: Display reminders for upcoming appointments or actions required

(e.g., lab tests or prescription refills).

3. Doctor Dashboard:

o Patient Management: Allow doctors to view and update patient records,

prescriptions, and treatment plans.

o Scheduling: A clear schedule showing upcoming patient appointments, with

options to add or modify appointments.

4. Admin Dashboard:

o Staff Management: Admins should be able to manage hospital staff schedules,

roles, and assignments.

o Patient Flow: Provide an overview of patient statuses, from registration to

discharge.

o Resource Allocation: Manage resources like hospital rooms, medical equipment,

and treatment schedules.

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3.3 USE CASE DIAGRAM:

1. Actors
o Receptionist - Manages admissions, doctor appointments, and test appointments.
o Staff Nurses - Likely interact with patient care tasks but aren't directly associated with
specific use cases here.
o Inhouse and Consultants (Doctors) - Prescribe tests and manage patient care.
o Income and Expenditure (Finance Management System) - Monitors the financial
aspects of the system.
o Records System - Deals with adding, deleting, and editing doctor/staff information.
o Information System - Handles information reports like patient information, ward bed
status, and admission/discharge reports.
2. Use Cases
o Admissions - Includes sub-tasks like bed allotment and operation scheduling.
o Appointments (Doctor and Tests) - Managed by the receptionist.
o Login - Provides access control to different parts of the system.
o Draw Salary - Managed within the Finance Management System.
o Add, Delete, Edit Doctor/Staff - Record system tasks for updating staff information.
o Prescribe Tests - Handled by doctors for patient care.
o Ward Wise Bed Status, Admission/Discharge Reports, Patient Information - Part of
the Information System to track hospital status and patient records.
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 3. Connections
o Arrows indicate the flow of actions between actors and use cases.
o Some use cases extend others, like “bed allotment” and “undergo operation” extending
“admissions.”
.

Fig-1 Use Case Diagram

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 CHAPTER 4:
SYSTEM PLANNING

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SYSTEM PLANNING

1. Goal Definition: Articulate clear objectives, such as improving customer satisfaction and
optimizing order processing. Focus on providing an efficient platform for user
interactions and feedback.

2. Scope Identification: Define the project's boundaries by outlining core features like menu
management, order tracking, payment processing, and customer reviews. Ensure the
scope aligns with user needs and business goals.

3. Resource Allocation: Identify necessary resources, including a skilled team of developers,

designers, and testers. Assess the technology stack, considering options like Html, CSS
for frontend, Python, Django for backend, and SQLITE for database management.

4. Budget Planning: Estimate the overall budget required for development, including
personnel costs, software licenses, and hosting services. Ensure financial resources are
aligned with project expectations and timelines.

5. Timeline Development: Create a realistic timeline for project milestones, detailing phases
like design, development, testing, and deployment. Set clear deadlines to maintain
accountability and track progress.

6. Risk Assessment: Identify potential risks, such as technological challenges, budget

overruns, and scheduling conflicts. Develop mitigation strategies to proactively address
these risks and minimize project impact.

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 7. Stakeholder Engagement: Engage stakeholders, including management, staff, and users,
to gather input on requirements and expectations. Regular communication helps align
project goals and fosters collaboration.

8. User Research: Conduct user research through surveys and interviews to understand user
needs and preferences. Utilize insights to inform design choices and prioritize features
based on user feedback.

9. Feature Prioritization: Prioritize features based on user value, feasibility, and business
impact. Create a roadmap that outlines the order of implementation, allowing for
flexibility and adjustments as needed.

10. Technology Evaluation: Evaluate potential technologies and tools for development,
ensuring they meet project requirements and scalability needs. Consider factors like
performance, community support, and integration capabilities.

11. Quality Assurance Planning: Develop a quality assurance plan that outlines testing
strategies, including unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing. Ensure a
robust process to maintain software quality.

12. Documentation Strategy: Establish a documentation strategy to maintain thorough records

of requirements, design decisions, and technical specifications. Comprehensive
documentation supports future maintenance and upgrades.

4.1 PERT Chart

A Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Chart is a project management tool used to
visualize and analyze the tasks involved in a project. It helps in planning, scheduling, and
coordinating various activities.

1.Start

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  Description: Initiate the HMS project by setting up the necessary framework, resources,
and initial planning to guide the project from start to finish. This includes defining the
project team, timelines, and key objectives for efficient hospital management.

2. Define Project Requirements

 Description: Gather and define essential requirements for the HMS, such as patient
management, appointment scheduling, billing, staff management, and record-keeping
functionalities. Define user roles like admin, doctor, nurse, receptionist, and set security
and compliance requirements (e.g., patient data privacy).

3. Design UI/UX

 Description: Create user-friendly and visually appealing interfaces for different users
(patients, doctors, nurses, and administrative staff). This includes designing wireframes,
layouts, and interaction flows to ensure intuitive navigation and a seamless experience
across devices for managing patient information, appointments, and hospital records.

4. Develop Frontend

 Description: Develop the visual and interactive components of the HMS, focusing on
responsive designs for patient registration, appointment booking, medical records access,
and administrative dashboards. Ensure the system is accessible and easy to use for all
users, from patients to healthcare providers.

5. Backend Development & Database Setup

 Description: Build the backend structure to support data storage, security, and core
functionalities. Set up database models to store patient records, staff data, appointment
schedules, and billing information. Implement APIs for secure data handling and ensure
compliance with healthcare data protection standards (e.g., HIPAA, if applicable).

6. Integration of AI Assistant

 Description: Integrate an AI assistant to help streamline hospital operations. This AI could

assist in triaging patient inquiries, suggesting appointment times, providing health-related
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 recommendations, and aiding admin staff with operational tasks based on data analytics
and patient history.

7. Connect Frontend and Backend

 Description: Link the frontend and backend systems to enable seamless data exchange.
This connection will allow users to book appointments, manage patient data, view
medical histories, and interact with the AI assistant in real-time, ensuring smooth
operations across the hospital management system.

8. Build and Optimize for Deployment

 Description: Optimize the HMS for performance and scalability. This includes refining
the application for fast loading, secure data handling, and scalable infrastructure to
support the growing number of patients, records, and users over time. Ensure the system
can handle concurrent users effectively.

9. Testing and Debugging

 Description: Perform comprehensive testing to ensure the HMS functions as required.

This includes:
o Functional Testing: Checking patient registration, appointment scheduling, and
billing.
o Security Testing: Ensuring data privacy and protection for sensitive patient
information.
o Performance Testing: Verifying load times and system responsiveness.

o User Experience Validation: Ensuring that the system is easy for all users to
navigate and use efficiently.
10. Deployment

 Description: Publish the final version of the HMS to a live server, making it accessible to
hospital staff and patients. Configure hosting, domain, and any other final settings to
ensure a smooth rollout. Complete any final adjustments for stability and security.

End
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 Signifies the successful completion of the project with all functionalities live, ready for
real-world usage, and meeting the objectives set at the project start.

Fig -2 PERT Chart

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CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY ADOPTED;
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION & DETAILS OF
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE USED SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE & EVALUATION

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5.1 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

The development of the restaurant management website utilized an Agile methodology, which
emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative progress. This approach enabled the team to
adapt to changes in requirements and user feedback throughout the project lifecycle.

 Agile Development
The Agile methodology was chosen to support the flexible and evolving nature of
healthcare requirements. It allows the development team to quickly respond to changing
needs and feedback from hospital staff and administrators, ensuring the HMS aligns with
user expectations and operational needs.
 Iterative Design
The HMS project was divided into multiple sprints, with each sprint focusing on
developing specific features like patient registration, appointment scheduling, billing, and
reporting functionalities. This iterative approach ensured that each component was tested,
refined, and integrated into the system progressively, promoting continuous improvement
and timely delivery.
 User-Centric Approach
Regular testing sessions were conducted with end-users, including doctors, nurses,
administrative staff, and patients (where applicable), to gather feedback and ensure the

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 HMS met their needs effectively. This user-centric approach helped identify and address
issues early, ensuring the system was intuitive, reliable, and efficient for all users.

5.2SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

1. Frontend Development

 Technologies Used: HTML and CSS

 Key Focus: Responsiveness, user experience, accessibility, and intuitive navigation.

 Design Considerations: Organized components tailored for patients and staff to enable
easy information access and management.

2. Backend Development

 Technologies Used: Python with Django

 Responsibilities: Server-side logic, handling API requests, session management, and

secure data handling.

 Features of Django: Leveraged for its strong framework, security features, and REST API
support, enabling a stable, secure backend for your application.

3. Database Management

 Technology Used: SQLITE

 Database Type: NoSQL, chosen for scalability and flexible data retrieval.

 Data Managed: Patient records, appointment details, and staff information, structured to
allow efficient querying and updates.

4. Feature Implementation

 User Registration and Login: Allows for secure user roles, ensuring that patients, doctors,
and staff have access appropriate to their roles.

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  Appointment Scheduling: Enables patients to book and modify appointments, ensuring
flexibility.

 Medical Records Management: Provides secure record access and updates, essential for
accurate patient care.

 Patient Feedback System: Enables patients to provide treatment feedback, promoting

service improvement.

 Doctor/Department Recommendation System: Based on usage analytics, this feature

offers personalized recommendations for departments or doctors based on frequency and
relevan

5.3 DETAILS OF HARDWARE & SOFTWARE USED

 Hardware Requirements:

o Development Machines: Computers with minimum specifications of 8GB RAM,

dual-core processor, and SSD for development and testing environments.

 Software Requirements:

o Frontend Technologies:

 HTML

 Tailwind CSS for styling and layout.

o Backend Technologies:

 Python

 Django
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 o Database:

 SQLITE for document-oriented data storage.

o Version Control:

 Git for source code management and collaboration.

o Deployment Tools:

 Vercel & Render for hosting the application.

5.4 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Post-implementation, the system requires ongoing maintenance to ensure optimal performance

and security.

 Regular Updates: Periodic updates to both the application and its dependencies are
essential for introducing new features, enhancing performance, and fixing security
vulnerabilities. This ensures the system remains up-to-date and resilient.
 User Support: Providing robust customer support through helpdesk systems, chatbots, or
live support channels is key to addressing user inquiries, troubleshooting issues, and
ensuring user satisfaction.
 Performance Monitoring and Optimization: Continuous monitoring of performance
metrics allows for early detection of bottlenecks, which can then be addressed through
load balancing, resource optimization, and system fine-tuning to meet increased demand
effectively.

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  Security Audits: Conducting regular security audits helps to identify and mitigate
potential vulnerabilities. This includes assessing authentication mechanisms, data
encryption, and implementing necessary patches to prevent unauthorized access.
 Backup and Disaster Recovery: Implementing regular data backups and disaster recovery
plans safeguards data integrity and ensures the system can be restored quickly in case of
data loss or system failure.
 Scalability Planning: Monitoring system growth and planning for scalability ensures the
application can handle increased user loads by adding or upgrading resources when
necessary, maintaining seamless performance as demand rises.

5.5 EVALUATION

Evaluation of the hospital management system website focuses on assessing its performance,
usability, and overall effectiveness in meeting user needs.

 User Feedback: Gathering user feedback through surveys, reviews, and direct interactions
to assess satisfaction levels, identify pain points, and uncover areas where improvements
are needed.
 Performance Testing: Performing load testing to verify that the system can support
multiple users and high transaction volumes simultaneously without experiencing
performance issues, ensuring a smooth user experience during peak times.
 Feature Usage Analysis: Analyzing user interaction data to identify the most frequently
used features, which helps in prioritizing future updates, feature enhancements, and
resource allocation.

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 Usability Testing: Conducting usability tests to evaluate the website’s intuitiveness,
navigation ease, and overall user-friendliness. This helps ensure that users can effortlessly
accomplish tasks, contributing to a positive user experience.
 Security and Compliance Review: Periodically reviewing the system for security
vulnerabilities and compliance with industry standards to protect user data and maintain
trust, especially in handling sensitive customer .

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 CHAPTER 6: DETAILED LIFE CYCLE OF THE
PROJECT

6.1 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)

An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a visual representation of the relationships between

data entities in a system. It displays entities, attributes, and the relationships connecting them,
usually in a database. ERDs are essential for designing database structures, ensuring data
integrity, and organizing data logically.

 Entities: Entities represent essential data objects in the hospital management system, such
as Patient, Doctor, Appointment, MedicalRecord, Department, and Feedback. Each entity
corresponds to a table in the database, structured to store specific data related to real-
world items or concepts:

o Patient: Stores details about patients, such as their personal information and
medical history.

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 o Doctor: Contains data about medical staff, including specialties, qualifications,
and schedules.

o Appointment: Tracks information about appointments, linking patients with

doctors and recording dates and times.

o MedicalRecord: Stores detailed records of patients’ diagnoses, treatments, and

medication history.

o Department: Represents various departments within the hospital, like Cardiology,

Pediatrics, and Orthopedics.

o Feedback: Records patient feedback related to their treatment and hospital

experience.

 Attributes: Attributes define specific details for each entity, representing columns in each
database table:

o For Patient, attributes might include patientId, name, age, address, and contact.

o Doctor might include doctorId, name, specialization, and contact.

o Appointment could have attributes like appointmentId, date, time, and status.

o MedicalRecord may include recordId, diagnosis, prescription, and treatment

notes.

o Department may store departmentId, name, and location.

o Feedback could include feedbackId, patientId, comments, and rating.

Attributes define the structure of each entity, making it easy to query and retrieve information
based on specific criteria.

 Primary Keys: Each entity includes a primary key that uniquely identifies each record
within it:

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 o Patient has patientId, Doctor has doctorId, Appointment has appointmentId,
MedicalRecord has recordId, Department has departmentId, and Feedback has
feedbackId as their primary keys.

These primary keys ensure each record is distinct and prevent duplication, facilitating efficient
indexing and searching.

 Foreign Keys: Foreign keys establish connections between related entities:

o In Appointment, patientId and doctorId act as foreign keys linking each

appointment to a specific patient and doctor.

o In MedicalRecord, patientId links each medical record to a particular patient.

o In Feedback, patientId acts as a foreign key, linking feedback entries to the

corresponding patient who submitted them.

Foreign keys maintain data integrity by enforcing referential constraints, supporting meaningful
connections across tables.

 Relationships: Relationships define the associations between entities, illustrating their

interdependence:

o Patient and Appointment have a one-to-many relationship, meaning a single

patient can book multiple appointments.

o Doctor and Appointment also have a one-to-many relationship, as a doctor can

have multiple appointments.

o Patient and MedicalRecord have a one-to-many relationship, with each patient

potentially having multiple medical records.

o Patient and Feedback have a one-to-many relationship, as each patient can submit
multiple feedback entries.

o Doctor and Department have a many-to-one relationship, meaning multiple

doctors may belong to the same department.

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Fig -3 ER Diagram

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6.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) visually represents how data moves through a system,
highlighting processes, data stores, and data flows. It shows the interaction between external
entities and the system, detailing where data is input, processed, stored, and output. DFDs help in
understanding the data flow and system functionality.

 Processes: Processes represent key actions or functions that manage and transform data
within the hospital management system. Each process, shown as a circle or rounded
rectangle, captures the main operations of the system:
o Register Patient: Manages the patient registration process by collecting and validating
patient information before storing it in the patient database.
o Schedule Appointment: Handles appointment scheduling, matching patients with doctors
based on availability and storing the appointment details.
o Manage Patient Records: Allows healthcare professionals to access, update, and save
patient medical records.
o Generate Reports: Produces reports on patient treatments, diagnoses, and hospital
performance metrics.
o Collect Feedback: Records patient feedback about their hospital experience for quality
improvement..
 Data Flows: Data flows are represented as arrows, showing how data moves between
components within the system. Each arrow is labeled to indicate the type of data being
transferred:
o Patient Information flows from Register Patient to the Patient Database.
o Appointment Details flow between Schedule Appointment and the Appointment Database.
o Medical Records flow from Manage Patient Records to the Medical Records Database
and back as needed.
o Feedback Data flows from Collect Feedback to the Feedback Database.

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o Doctor Availability flows from the Doctor Database to the Schedule Appointment process
to confirm doctor schedules.
o These data flows clarify the movement of information through the system,
showing the connections between processes, data stores, and external entities.
o Data Stores: Data stores are represented as open-ended rectangles, indicating places
within the system where data is saved either temporarily or permanently:
o Patient Database: Stores patient information collected during the registration process.
o Doctor Database: Maintains details about doctors, including availability, specialty, and
contact information.
o Appointment Database: Saves appointment details, linking patients and doctors with
their scheduled dates and times.
o Medical Records Database: Stores detailed patient medical records, including
diagnoses, prescriptions, and treatment notes.
o Feedback Database: Holds patient feedback data related to their hospital experience.
Each data store supports specific processes, providing reliable data storage and retrieval
across the system.
 External Entities: External entities represent sources or destinations of data outside the
system. These are shown as rectangles and serve as entry and exit points for data flows:
o Patient: Interacts with the system to register, schedule appointments, view medical
records, and provide feedback.
o Doctor: Uses the system to view appointments and access patient medical records.
o Admin: Manages hospital data, monitors system processes, and generates reports as
needed.

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DFD 0 :

Fig-4 DFD 0

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DFD 1:

Fig-5 DFD 1

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6.3 INPUT DESIGN

The Input Design section describes how users interact with the hospital management system,
providing essential data to support core functionalities such as patient registration, appointment
scheduling, and medical record management. These inputs enable doctors, patients, and
administrative staff to handle hospital operations efficiently.

Key Inputs:

 Login:

o Input: Users, including patients, doctors, and admin staff, provide credentials
(email and password) to securely access the system.

o Purpose: This input ensures secure authentication, granting patients access to their
accounts and allowing doctors and admins to access their respective features for
managing hospital operations.

 Patient Registration:

o Input: Patients provide details such as name, age, address, contact information,
and medical history during registration.

o Purpose: This input collects vital patient information, enabling the hospital to
maintain comprehensive records and support personalized care.

 Appointment Scheduling:

o Input: Patients select a doctor, choose a preferred date and time, and confirm their
appointment details.

o Purpose: This input facilitates the scheduling of appointments, allowing patients

to book, modify, or cancel appointments based on doctor availability.

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 Doctor Dashboard:

o Input: Doctors use the dashboard to view their appointments, access patient
records, and update treatment details. They can perform CRUD operations (create,
read, update, delete) on patient records and manage the status of appointments.

o Purpose: This input enables doctors to oversee their schedules, manage patient
information, and update medical records efficiently.

 Patient Feedback:

o Input: Patients provide feedback about their hospital experience, including

comments and ratings related to care and services.

o Purpose: This input allows the hospital to collect valuable insights from patients,
supporting quality improvement efforts..

 User Management (Admin-Only Access):

o Input: Admin staff can view and manage profiles for patients, doctors, and other
staff members.

o Purpose: This ensures effective user management, allowing admins to monitor

and oversee user activities across the system and maintain accurate, up-to-date
records.

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OUTPUT DESIGN

The Output Design specifies how the hospital management system presents data to
users (patients, doctors, and administrators) after processing inputs. These outputs
provide real-time information on appointments, medical records, and user
management, ensuring a streamlined experience for all users.

 Login Confirmation:

o Output: After entering credentials, users receive confirmation of successful login,

along with personalized welcome messages.

o Purpose: This confirms successful authentication, displaying relevant options

based on user roles (e.g., patient, doctor, or admin).

 Appointment Confirmation:

o Output: After scheduling an appointment, patients receive a confirmation

message containing the appointment details, such as date, time, and doctor’s name.

o Purpose: This reassures patients that their appointment has been successfully
scheduled and provides a reference for upcoming visits.

 Appointment Status Update:

o Output: Patients can view real-time updates on their appointment status, with
indicators such as “Scheduled,” “Confirmed,” or “Completed.”

o Purpose: This keeps patients informed of their appointment’s progress, enhancing

transparency and supporting a seamless experience.

 Doctor Dashboard (Appointment and Patient Record Management):

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 o Output: Doctors have access to a dashboard displaying their scheduled
appointments, patient details, and medical records. The dashboard updates in real
time to reflect any changes or additions.

o Purpose: This output enables doctors to manage their schedules and access
relevant patient information efficiently, ensuring they are well-prepared for
consultations.

 Patient Medical Record Summary:

o Output: Patients can view a summary of their medical records, including past
diagnoses, prescriptions, and treatment notes, accessible through their profile.

o Purpose: This allows patients to track their medical history and provides a clear
reference for their treatment plans.

 Admin Dashboard (User Management and Monitoring):

o Output: Admins can access a dashboard with details on all users, including profile
information and activity history. The dashboard also provides user management
options.

o Purpose: This output enables admins to maintain a well-organized user database,

monitor system interactions, and manage user-specific needs across the platform.

 Appointment Summary on Dashboard (Admin and Doctor Access):

o Output: Both doctors and admins have access to an appointment summary section
displaying all scheduled and past appointments, as well as current statuses.

o Purpose: This output provides an organized overview of all appointments,

allowing doctors and admins to manage schedules and patient flow efficiently.

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6.4 PROCESSES INVOLVED

1. Requirement Gathering: Identify the needs and requirements of the hospital, including
user needs (patients, doctors, and admins) and core functionalities like patient registration,
appointment scheduling, medical records management, and feedback collection.

2. Planning and Design: Develop a project plan and outline the system’s architecture,
layout, and user interface, with a focus on a user-friendly experience for patient
registration, appointment booking, and medical record access.

3. Frontend Development: Build the user interface using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
frameworks to create intuitive navigation for patients, appointment scheduling forms, and
interactive elements for doctors and admin dashboards.

4. Backend Development: Set up backend infrastructure and develop APIs and services
using Python with Django to handle appointment scheduling, patient data management,
and user authentication.

5. Database Design: Design and implement a database schema to efficiently store and
manage data such as patient records, doctor information, appointment details, and
feedback using SQLITE.

6. Integration and Testing: Integrate frontend, backend, and database components. Test the
system extensively for functionality, performance, and security, ensuring all user flows
and data interactions work seamlessly.

7. Deployment: Deploy the hospital management system to a web server or cloud platform,
such as AWS or DigitalOcean. Configure server settings, domain names, and SSL
certificates to ensure secure access to patient information.

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 8. User Training and Acceptance: Conduct training sessions for doctors, admin staff, and
relevant personnel on using the system for patient registration, record updates, and
appointment management. Gather feedback from initial users to optimize functionality.

9. Feedback and Review Management: Implement a feedback feature that allows patients
to provide reviews and comments on their hospital experience. Enable admins to monitor
and analyze feedback to make improvements to hospital services.

10. Maintenance and Support: Provide ongoing maintenance to ensure the system runs
smoothly, addressing any technical issues and enhancing features as needed. Regularly
update the system with improvements based on user feedback and healthcare industry
requirements.

6.5 METHODOLOGY USED FOR TESTING

1. Requirements Analysis: Review the project requirements and user scenarios for the
hospital management system to understand expected functionality, such as patient
registration, appointment scheduling, medical record access, and feedback collection.
Identify the needs of patients, doctors, and admin staff to ensure the system supports
seamless hospital operations.
2. Test Planning: Develop a comprehensive test plan outlining the scope, objectives,
resources, timelines, and the testing environment. This ensures all key features—patient
management, appointment scheduling, and user interactions—are thoroughly tested. The
plan should cover functional testing for data entry forms, workflows for patient and
doctor interactions, data retrieval from medical records, and feedback submission.

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Testing

Testing goes beyond debugging. It ensures quality assurance, verification, validation, and
reliability. Correctness and reliability testing are crucial, especially for a restaurant website where
smooth operations impact customer satisfaction. The goal is to balance quality with project
budget and time constraints.

1. Software Testing

Software Testing is the process of running the application to identify errors and verify that it
meets the required outcomes. In software, most issues are design-related rather than
manufacturing defects, making rigorous testing essential.

2. To Improve Quality

Since this website handles crucial functionalities, including payment processing and order
tracking, errors can impact customer trust. Testing helps ensure a stable and high-quality user
experience.

3. Verification & Validation (V&V)

Testing serves as a tool for verification and validation (V&V). It allows testers to determine if the
product works as intended in various conditions.

4. Software Testing Types

 Black-Box Testing: Test cases are derived from the website's functional requirements,
focusing on how the dish management, order tracking, and feedback systems perform
based on input and output without considering internal code structure.

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  White-Box Testing: Unlike black-box testing, this method considers the internal workings
of the application, ensuring that each function in the dish management system operates as
intended. This testing involves analyzing code paths and logical structures.

Testing Types Specific to the Restaurant Website

1. Unit Testing: Tests individual components, such as the dish management module and
payment processing functions. This testing is typically done by developers.

2. System Testing: Tests the entire system according to the specified requirements, such as
dish management, order tracking, and payment features, ensuring that all parts work
together as expected.

3. End-to-End Testing: This type of testing replicates real-world usage scenarios, including
browsing dishes, placing an order, making payments, and submitting feedback to ensure
smooth interaction across the website’s features.

Specialized Testing Types for Restaurant Website

1. Usability Testing: Assesses user-friendliness, ensuring users can easily navigate the dish
browsing, order placement, and feedback sections. Ensures intuitive navigation with
helpful instructions where necessary.

2. Recovery Testing: Examines how well the system recovers from issues like order
processing failures or network disruptions. Ensures that users can resume ordering after
any interruptions.

3. Security Testing: Tests for vulnerabilities against unauthorized access, ensuring the
database is secure from external threats and that users’ payment details are protected
during transactions.

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 4. Compatibility Testing: Evaluates the website’s performance across different hardware,
operating systems, and network environments, ensuring that the site works on various
devices and browsers.

5. Comparison Testing: Compares the current version of the restaurant website with previous
versions or other similar platforms to highlight improvements in dish management, order
processing speed, and user feedback features.

TEST DATA & TEST CASES

 Test Data refers to the inputs, expected outputs, and scenarios used to verify a
software application's functionality during testing, which can include real, dummy,
or artificially created data. Test Cases are specific conditions or actions designed
to evaluate particular features of the software, detailing the input, expected output,
and steps to check if the application behaves as intended under various conditions.

TESTCA TEST DATA EXPECTED

SE ID TEST SCENARIO (INPUT) OUTPUT ACTUAL OUTPUT STATUS

Email: doctor1@gma Redirect to

User logs in with valid il.com, password: doctor’s Redirect to doctor’s
TC001 credentials 12345 dashboard dashboard Pass

Email: doctor1@gma
User logs in with invalid il.com, password: Show "Invalid
TC002 password wrong.Pass Password" Show "Invalid Password" Pass

Show alert
User tries to book an message "Please Show alert message
appointment (not logged log in to book an "Please log in to book an
TC003 in) PatientID: 101 appointment" appointment" Pass

TC004 User views medical history PatientID: 101 Display patient Display patient medical Pass

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TESTCA TEST DATA EXPECTED
SE ID TEST SCENARIO (INPUT) OUTPUT ACTUAL OUTPUT STATUS

of a patient medical history history

User tries to access admin

dashboard without admin Email: nurse1@gmai Redirect to
TC005 role l.com (non-admin) homepage Redirect to homepage Pass

PatientID: 101, Feedback

Doctor submits feedback Feedback: "Good submitted Feedback submitted
TC006 on a patient's treatment progress" successfully successfully Pass

Show message
MedicineID: 5001 "Medicine stock
Admin updates stock for (Aspirin), New updated Show message "Medicine
TC007 medicines Stock: 100 successfully" stock updated successfully" Pass

"Check our
User interacts with Gen AI available
for treatment Query: "Suggest treatments for "Check our available
TC008 recommendation treatment for fever" fever" treatments for fever" Pass

Service:
"Consultation", Total Price after
User applies discount to a Discount Code: Discount: Total Price after Discount:
TC009 hospital service "FLAT10" ₹450.00 ₹450.00 Pass

6.6 TEST REPORT

The test report systematically documents the testing outcomes for the Restaurant website,
ensuring that each feature meets specified requirements through uniquely identified test cases for
easy tracking. Debugging complements this process by identifying and resolving issues or defects
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found during testing, enhancing the software's reliability and performance. This crucial
development phase includes reviewing error logs, tracing code execution, and adjusting
implementations to correct faults. Ultimately, both processes work together to improve user
experience and system robustness.

Test Results

All test cases were executed successfully, with the following results:

 Total Test Cases: 9

 Passed Test Cases: 9 Failed Test Cases: 0

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Summary of Testing

The testing phase of the restaurant management website confirmed that all key functionalities are
working correctly, including user authentication, payment processing, and feedback submission.
Each feature was thoroughly evaluated through predefined test cases, resulting in a seamless user
experience with effective error handling. With all test cases passing, the website is ready for
deployment, meeting user needs effectively. Continuous monitoring and regular updates will
ensure the platform remains functional and secure. Overall, the testing process validates the
development efforts, establishing the website as a reliable platform for users.

CODE SHEET :

Code Sheet Table (TB-3)

S.N Functionali Model Fields Description Validation Purpose

o ty

1. Patient Patient name (String), Manages email must Tracks

email (String, patient be unique, patient
unique), information, name, dob, details,
phoneNumber medical address, and admission
(String), history, and phoneNumb status, and
address admission er are medical
(String), dob status. required. records.
(Date),
medicalHistor
y (String),
admissionStatu
s (String)
2. Doctor Doctor name (String), Manages name, Allows
Manageme specialization doctor specializatio managemen
nt (String), details such n, t of doctors'
phoneNumber as phoneNumb schedules
(String), email specializatio er, and email and patient
(String, n, are required. appointment
unique), availability, s.
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 availableTimes and room
(Array of number.
Dates),
roomNumber
(String)
3. Appointme Appointme patientId Tracks status can be Tracks
nt nt (ObjectId, ref: appointment one of patient
Manageme 'Patient'), s made by ['pending', appointment
nt doctorId patients, 'completed', s and
(ObjectId, ref: including 'cancelled'], ensures
'Doctor'), doctor and proper
appointmentD details, paymentStat scheduling
ate (Date), scheduled us should be and
status (String), time, and one of payment
paymentStatus payment ['pending', status
(String) status. 'paid']. managemen
t.
4. Feedback Feedback appointmentId Allows rating (1-5), Collects
for (ObjectId, ref: patients to comment is feedback
Services 'Appointment') provide required. from
, patientId feedback on patients to
(ObjectId, ref: services, improve
'Patient'), including hospital
rating ratings and services.
(Number), comments.
comment
(String),
feedbackType
(String),
createdAt
(Date)
5. OTP Otp email (String), Stores OTPs email, otp, Provides an
Verification otp (String), sent for user expiresAt additional
expiresAt authenticati are required. layer of
(Date) on during security
login or during user
signup login or
signup.
6. User User name (String), Stores user email must Allows
Manageme email (String, details such be unique, admin to
nt unique), as name, password is manage user
password email, and required. roles and
(String), role role (admin, permissions
(String) doctor,

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 nurse,
patient).

6. Coding and Screenshots of the project

Pycharm

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Coding For About Us Page

Coding For Doctor’s Page

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Coding For News Page

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Coding For Views.py Page
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Coding For Contact Page

Coding For Manage.py Page

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Coding For Appointment Page

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Coding For Models.py

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Coding For Forms.py

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System.py

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System.py

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Screenshots of the Project:

Home Page

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About us

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Contact us

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Doctors

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Appointment page

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7.1 Conclusion and Future Scope

Conclusion
In conclusion, the Hospital Management System (HMS) is a comprehensive software solution
designed to modernize and streamline hospital operations. This system provides an organized
framework for managing patient information, from generating test reports and prescription details
to offering tailored diet and medication information. Additionally, it tracks injection schedules
and manages billing for both inpatient and outpatient services, with robust data backup features
to safeguard patient records and hospital data.

The purpose of this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is to outline the
detailed functional and non-functional requirements of the Hospital Management System. It
serves as a roadmap for development, clearly defining the system’s scope, objectives, and
intended outcomes, ensuring alignment between project requirements and development
processes.

Implementing the HMS offers hospitals an opportunity to improve operational efficiency, reduce
paperwork, and enhance the quality of patient care. By centralizing access to patient data, the
system supports accurate diagnosis and treatment, enabling healthcare providers to make
informed decisions. The HMS also facilitates seamless communication between doctors, nurses,
and administrative staff, leading to improved coordination and overall management of the
hospital.

In summary, the Hospital Management System is an essential tool for the modernization and
optimization of hospital processes. It enhances the patient experience, improves healthcare
delivery, and enables hospital staff to work more efficiently, ultimately elevating the quality of
healthcare services in a streamlined, patient-centered environment.

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Future Scope

 Appointment Reservation Feature: Implementing an appointment reservation feature

will allow patients to book appointments with doctors in advance, enhancing the patient
experience and improving hospital scheduling efficiency. This functionality can include
options for selecting the date, time, and department, as well as confirming appointments
via email or SMS.
 Comprehensive Service Options: Expanding the hospital services to include specialized
treatment options for different departments (e.g., outpatient services, surgical care,
maternity care) will allow for better organization and patient navigation. This will help
patients easily find the right services, leading to increased satisfaction and improved
management of hospital resources.
 Customizable Treatment Plans: Allowing patients to customize their treatment plans
based on preferences or medical conditions (e.g., personalized medication, rehabilitation,
or dietary plans) can enhance the level of care and improve patient satisfaction. This
feature would allow healthcare professionals to tailor treatment according to individual
needs, promoting better outcomes.
 Role Management in Admin Panel: Introducing a role management system within the
admin panel will enable differentiated access levels for hospital staff (e.g., admins,
doctors, nurses, lab technicians). This feature will improve operational efficiency by
assigning specific roles and responsibilities to different staff members, ensuring a smooth
workflow and improving accountability in hospital operations.
 Advanced Scheduling and Staff Management: Implementing an advanced system for
scheduling medical staff and patient appointments will allow for efficient management of

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 hospital resources. Special schedules, such as for weekends or public holidays, can be set
to optimize staff availability and enhance patient care during peak times.
 Patient Account Management: Developing a patient account management system will
allow patients to save their medical history, track previous treatments, and view test
results or prescriptions. This will provide a more personalized experience, improve patient
engagement, and encourage regular visits to the hospital.
 Enhanced Performance and Scalability: Upgrading hosting and database services to
accommodate a growing number of patients, appointments, and records will ensure that
the system can handle high traffic and large volumes of data, especially during peak
times. Scalability will be crucial for maintaining performance and reliability as the
hospital expands its services and user base.

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7.2 References

 Google:

Reference for general information or research.

URL: www.google.com

 Diagram.ly:

A tool for creating diagrams like ERDs and flowcharts, useful for visualizing database
structures and processes.

URL: www.diagram.ly

 UMLDiagram.org:

A platform for creating UML diagrams, including class diagrams, use case diagrams, and
sequence diagrams. These diagrams are helpful for planning database interactions and
system design.

URL: www.umldiagram.org

 SQLITE Documentation:

Official SQLITE documentation for database design, schema definition, and best
practices. It provides comprehensive guidance on structuring data.

URL: https://www.SQLITE.com/docs

 Database Design for Beginners by Vertabelo:

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A reference guide to database design principles, including normalization, relationships,
and entity-relationship diagramming.

URL: https://vertabelo.com/blog/database-design/

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