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Reflection of Light

Reflection of light ppt

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10 views17 pages

Reflection of Light

Reflection of light ppt

Uploaded by

vaibhavx167
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REFLECTION

OF LIGHT
Chapter - 9
Agenda
Topics Covered

• what is refraction?
• Refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab
• what is optical density
• Rractive index
• Laws of refraction
• Spherical lens
• Refraction by spherical lenses
• Sign convention for spherical lenses
• lens formula for spherical lenses
• power of lens
Refraction of
light
Refraction is the change in direction of light when it
passes fram an medium to another.
if light enters another medium perpendicular to
boundary the ray does not bend
Refraction of light
When the light ray travels from air to water
, the refracted ray bends towards the
normal.
When light travels from a denser medium to a rarer
medium to a rarer medium, it bends away from the
normal.
Refraction of light through a rectangular glass
slab
AWhen a ray of light passes through a rectangular
glass slab, it gets
bent twice at the air- glass interface and at the
glass- air interface.
The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray and
is displaced
through a distance.
Laws of refraction
of light
i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to
the
interface of two transparent media at the point of
incidence, all lie in the
same plane.
II) The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine
of angle
of refraction is a constant, for the light of a given colour
and for the
given pair of media.( This law is also known as Snell`s law
of refraction.)
Refractive
index
The absolute refractive index of a medium is
the ratio of the
speed light in air or vacuum to the speed of
light in medium.

The relative refractive index of a medium 2


with respect to a
medium 1 is the ratio of the speed of light in
medium 1 to the speed of
light in medium 2.
Spherical
lenses
A spherical lens is a transparent material bounded by two
surfaces
one or both of which are spherical.

Spherical lenses are of two main types. They


are convex and concave
lenses.
i) Convex lens :- is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges.
Rays of light parallel to the principal axis after refraction through a
convex lens meet at a point (converge) on the principal axis.
ii) Concave lens :- is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges.
Rays of light parallel to the principal axis after refraction get diverged
and appear o come from a point on the principal axis on the same side
of the lens.
c tio n by
Re fra nses
h er ic al le
s p
i) In a convex lens a ray of light parallel to the principal
axis after refraction passes through the focus on the
other
side of the lens. In a concave lens it appears to diverge
from the focus on the same side of the lens.
ii) In a convex lens a ray of light passing through the focus
after refraction goes parallel to the principal axis. In a
concave lens a ray of light directed towards the focus after
refraction goes parallel to the principal axis.
iii) In a convex lens and concave lens a ray of light
passing
through the optical centre goes without any
deviation.
Sign convention
for spherical
lenses
The sign convention for spherical lenses is the same as
in
spherical mirrors except that the distances are
measured from the
optical centre (O).
The focal length of a convex lens is positive ( + ve )
and the focal
length of a concave lens is negative ( - ve ).
Lens formula for
spherical lenses
The lens formula for spherical lenses is the relationship
between the
object distance (u), image distance (v) and focal length
(f).
The lens formula is expressed as :

Magnification produced
by spherical lenses
Magnification for spherical lens is the ratio of the height
of the
image to the height of the object.

The magnification is also related to the object distance


and image
distance. It can be expressed as
Power of a
lens
The power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length
(in metres).

The SI unit of power is dioptre (D).


1 dioptre is the power of a lens whose focal length is 1
metre.
The power of a convex lens is positive ( + ve ) and the
power of a concave lens is negative ( - ve ).
Thank you!

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