Bash shell Scripting

Basic Shell Scripts:

Output to screen
#!/bin/bash
# Simple output script
echo "Hello World"

Defining Tasks
#!/bin/bash
# Define small tasks
whoami
echo
pwd
echo
hostname
echo
ls -ltr
echo

Defining variables
#!/bin/bash
# Example of defining variables
a=vinay
b=prasad
c=’Linux class’

echo "My first name is $a"

echo "My surname is $b"
echo ‘My surname is $c’

Read Input
#!/bin/bash
# Read user input
echo "What is your first name?"
read a
echo
echo "What is your last name?"
read b
echo
echo Hello $a $b

Scripts to run commands within

#!/bin/bash

# Script to run commands within

clear
echo "Hello `whoami`"

echo

echo "Today is `date`"

echo

echo "Number of user login: `who | wc -l `"

echo

Read input and perform a task

#!/bin/bash

# This script will rename a file

echo Enter the file name to be renamed

read oldfilename

echo Enter the new file name

read newfilename

mv $oldfilename $newfilename

echo The file has been renamed as $newfilename

IF Statements
If-then Scripts:
Check the variable
#!/bin/bash

count=100

if [ $count -eq 100 ]

then

echo Count is 100

else

echo Count is not 100

fi

Check if a file error.txt exist

#!/bin/bash

clear

if [ -e /home/ubuntu/error.txt]

then

echo "File exist"

 else

echo "File does not exist"

fi

Check if a variable value is met

#!/bin/bash

a=`date | awk '{print $1}'`

if [ "$a" == Mon ]

then

echo Today is $a

else

echo Today is not Monday

fi

Check the response from the prompt and then output

#!/bin/bash

clear

echo

echo "What is your name?"

echo

read a

echo

echo Hello $a sir

echo

echo "Do you like working in IT? (y/n)"

read Like

echo

if [ "$Like" == y]

then

echo You are cool

elif [ "$Like" == n]

then

echo You should try IT, it’s a good field

echo
fi

Other If statements

If the output is either Monday or Tuesday

if [ “$a” = Monday ] || [ “$a” = Tuesday ]

Test if the error.txt file exist and its size is greater than zero
if test -s error.txt

if [ $? -eq 0 ] If input is equal to zero (0)

if [ -e /export/home/filename ] If file is there

if [ "$a" != "" ] If variable does not match

if [ error_code != "0" ] If file not equal to zero (0)

Comparisons:
-eq equal to for numbers

== equal to for letters

-ne not equal to

!== not equal to for letters

-lt less than

-le less than or equal to

-gt greater than

-ge greater than or equal to

File Operations:
-s file exists and is not empty

-f file exists and is not a directory

-d directory exists

-x file is executable

-w file is writable

-r file is readable

case Scripts:
#!/bin/bash

echo
echo Please chose one of the options below

echo

echo 'a = Display Date and Time'

echo 'b = List file and directories'

echo 'c = List users logged in'

echo 'd = Check System uptime'

echo

read choices

case $choices in

a) date;;

b) ls;;

c) who;;

d) uptime;;

*) echo Invalid choice - Bye.

esac

This script will look at your current day and tell you the state of the
backup

#!/bin/bash

NOW=$(date +"%a")
case $NOW in
Mon)
echo "Full backup";;
Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri)
echo "Partial backup";;
Sat|Sun)
echo "No backup";;
*) ;;
esac

do-while Script
Script to run for a number of times
#!/bin/bash

c=1

while [ $c -le 5 ]

do

echo "Welcone $c times"

 (( c++ ))

done

Script to run for a number of seconds

#!/bin/bash

count=0

num=10

while [ $count -lt 10 ]

do

echo

echo $num seconds left to stop this process $1

echo

sleep 1

num=`expr $num - 1`

count=`expr $count + 1`

done

echo

echo $1 process is stopped!!!

echo

for loop Scripts:

Simple for loop output

#!/bin/bash

for i in 1 2 3 4 5

do

echo "Welcome $i times"

done

Simple for loop output

#!/bin/bash

for i in eat run jump play

do

echo See Imran $i

done

for loop to create 5 files named 1-5

#!/bin/bash

for i in {1..5}

do

touch $i

done

for loop to delete 5 files named 1-5

#!/bin/bash

for i in {1..5}

do

rm $i

done

Specify days in for loop

#!/bin/bash

i=1

for day in Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

do

echo "Weekday $((i++)) : $day"

done

List all users one by one from /etc/passwd file

#!/bin/bash

i=1
for username in `awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd`
do
echo "Username $((i++)) : $username"
done

Examples:
Checking the remote host connectivity
#!/bin/bash
ping -c1 192.168.1.1
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo OK
else
echo NOT OK
fi

2. Change the IP to 192.168.1.235

Don't show the output
ping -c1 192.168.1.1 &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo OK
else
echo NOT OK
fi

3. Define variable
#!/bin/bash
hosts="192.168.1.1"
ping -c1 $hosts &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo $hosts OK
else
echo $hosts NOT OK
fi

3. Change the IP to 192.168.1.235

Multiple IPs
#!/bin/bash
IPLIST="path_to_the_Ip_list_file"
for ip in $(cat $IPLIST)

do
ping -c1 $ip &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo $ip ping passed
else
echo $ip ping failed
fi
done

Deleting of Old files

Create files with older timestamp
touch -d "Thu, 1 March 2018 12:30:00" a
Find and delete files older than 90 days
find /path-to-dir -mtime +90 -exec ls -l {} \;

Find and rename old files

find . -mtime +90 -exec mv {} {}.old \;

Backup
# Create backup
tar cvf /tmp/backup.tar /etc /var
# Compress backup
gzip backup.tar
#Check backup status and transfer
#!/bin/bash
tar cvf /tmp/backup.tar /etc /var
gzip backup.tar
find backup.tar.gz -mtime -1 -type f -print &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo Backup was created
echo
echo Archiving backup
#scp /tmp/backup.tar.gz [email protected]:/path
else
echo Backup failed
fi

For loops Scripts for File System - 1

==========================================
1 - Simple counting:
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..25}
do
sleep 1
echo $i
done
-------------------------------------------------
2 - Create multiple files with different names
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
do
touch vinay.$i
done
--------------------------------------------------
3 - Create multiple files upon input
#!/bin/bash
echo How many files do you want?
read t
echo
echo Files names should start with?
read n
for i in $(seq 1 $t)
do
touch $n.$i
done
--------------------------------------------------
4 - Assign write permissions to files
#!/bin/bash
for i in vinay*
do
 echo Assigning write permissions to $i
chmod a+w $i
sleep 1
done
-------------------------------------------------
5 - Assign write permissions to files with total time it will take
#!/bin/bash
total=`ls -l vinay* | wc -l`
echo It will take $total seconds to assign permissions...
echo
for i in vinay*
do
echo Assigning write permissions to $i
chmod a+w $i
sleep 1
done

For loops Scripts for File System - 2

1 - Rename all *.txt files extension to none
#!/bin/bash
for filename in *.txt
do
mv $filename ${filename%.txt}.none
done
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2 - Check to see if files exist
#!/bin/bash
# List of files you are curious about
FILES="/etc/passwd
/etc/group
/etc/shadow
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/sshd_ssh_config
/etc/fake"
echo
for file in $FILES
do
if [ ! -e "$file" ] # -e is an option for Check if file exists.
then
echo $file = does not exist
echo
fi
done

Copying a file to a list of remote hosts

==============================================
#!/bin/bash
for HOST in ubuntu01 fedora02 centos03 rhel06
do
scp somefile $HOST:/var/tmp/
done

Check if the directories in /home are assigned to a user

=========================================================
Become root
vi checkdir
cd /home
mkdir junos
#!/bin/bash
cd /home
for DIR in *
do
CHK=$(grep -c "/home/$DIR" /etc/passwd)
 if [ $CHK -ge 1 ]
then
echo "$DIR is assigned to a user"
else
echo "$DIR is NOT assigned to a user"
fi
done

List of Users Logged in Today

================================
#!/bin/bash
today=`date | awk '{print $1,$2,$3}'`
#last | grep $today | awk '{print $1}'
last | grep "$today"
-------------------------------------------------------------
Ask for Input
#!/bin/bash
echo "please enter day (e.g. Mon)"
read d
echo "please enter month (e.g. Aug)"
read m
echo "please enter date (e.g. 28)"
read da
last | grep "$d $m $da"