In each case, these chemical reactions result in undesirable odors and flavors.

it is a condition produced by aerial oxidation of unsaturated fat present in foods and other
products, marked by unpleasant odour or flavour.

When a fatty substance is exposed to air, its unsaturated components are converted into
hydroperoxides, which break down into volatile aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, and
hydrocarbons, some of which have disagreeable odours.

Butter becomes rancid by the foregoing process and by hydrolysis, which liberates volatile and
malodorous acids, particularly butyric acid. Saturated fats such as beef tallow are resistant to
oxidation and seldom become rancid at ordinary temperatures.

Usually substances which prevent oxidation (antioxidants) are added to foods containing fats
and oil. Keeping food in air tight containers helps to slow down oxidation.

Rancidity can be avoided by:

1. Storing food in air tight containers
2. Storing food in refrigerators
3. Adding antioxidants
4. Storing food in an environment of nitrogen

INTEXT QUESTIONS PAGE NO. 13

Question 1: Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is
dipped in it?
Answer : When an iron nail is placed in a copper sulphate solution, iron displaces copper from
copper sulphate solution forming iron sulphate, which is green in colour.

Therefore, the blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades and green colour appears.

Question 2: Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given
in Activity 1.10.
Answer : Sodium carbonate reacts with calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate and
sodium chloride.

In this reaction, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride exchange ions to form two new
compounds. Hence, it is a double displacement reaction.

Question 3: Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced
in the following reactions.

Answer : (i) Sodium (Na) is oxidised as it gains oxygen and oxygen gets reduced.

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(ii) Copper oxide (CuO) is reduced to copper (Cu) while hydrogen (H2) gets oxidised to water
(H2O).

EXERCISE QUESTIONS PAGE NO. 14, 15 and 16

Question 1: Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

(a) Lead is getting reduced.

(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(c) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
(i) (a) and (b)
(ii) (a) and (c)
(iii) (a), (b) and (c)
(iv) all
Answer : (i)(a) and (b)

Question 2:

The above reaction is an example of a

(a) combination reaction.
(b) double displacement reaction.
(c) decomposition reaction.
(d) displacement reaction.
Answer : (d) The given reaction is an example of a displacement reaction.

Question 3: What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Tick
the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
Answer : (a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced. The reaction is as follows:

Question 4: What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be

balanced?
Answer : A reaction which has an equal number of atoms of all the elements on both sides of
the chemical equation is called a balanced chemical equation.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed. Hence,
in a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants should be equal to the total mass of the
products. It means that the total number of atoms of each element should be equal on both
sides of a chemical equation. Hence, it is for this reason that chemical equations should be
balanced.
Question 5: Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance
them.
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

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Answer :

Question 6: Balance the following chemical equations.

Answer :

Question 7: Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Answer :

Question 8: Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type
of reaction in each case.
(a)Potassium bromide (aq) + Barium iodide (aq) → Potassium iodide (aq) + Barium
bromide(s)
(b) Zinc carbonate (s) → Zinc oxide (s) + Carbon dioxide (g)
(c) Hydrogen (g) + Chlorine (g) → Hydrogen chloride (g)
(d) Magnesium (s) + Hydrochloric acid (aq) → Magnesium chloride (aq) + Hydrogen (g)
Answer :

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Question 9: What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give
examples.
Answer : Chemical reactions that release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound are called
exothermic reactions.
Example: Mixture of sodium and chlorine to yield table salt

In other words, combination reactions are exothermic.

Reactions that absorb energy or require energy in order to proceed are called endothermic
reactions.
For example: In the process of photosynthesis, plants use the energy from the sun to convert
carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen.

Question 10: Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.

Answer : Energy is required to support life. Energy in our body is obtained from the food we
eat. During digestion, large molecules of food are broken down into simpler substances such as
glucose. Glucose combines with oxygen in the cells and provides energy. The special name of
this combustion reaction is respiration. Since energy is released in the whole process, it is an
exothermic process.

Question 11: Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination
reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
Answer : Decomposition reactions are those in which a compound breaks down to form two or
more substances. These reactions require a source of energy to proceed. Thus, they are the
exact opposite of combination reactions in which two or more substances combine to give a
new substance with the release of energy.

Question 12: Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is
supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.
Answer : (a) Thermal decomposition:

(b) Decomposition by light:

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(c) Decomposition by electricity:

Question 13: What is the difference between displacement and double displacement
reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
Answer : In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element
from a compound.

where A is more reactive than B

In a double displacement reaction, two atoms or a group of atoms switch places to form new
compounds.

For example:
Displacement reaction:

Double displacement reaction:

Question 14: In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution
involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Answer :

Question 15: What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.
Answer : A reaction in which an insoluble solid (called precipitate) is formed is called a
precipitation reaction.
For example:

In this reaction, calcium carbonate is obtained as a precipitate. Hence, it is a precipitation

reaction.
Another example of precipitation reaction is:

In this reaction, barium sulphate is obtained as a precipitate.

Question 16: Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples
each. (a) Oxidation (b) Reduction
Answer : (a) Oxidation is the gain of oxygen.
For example:

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In equation (i), H2 is oxidized to H2O and in equation (ii), Cu is oxidised to CuO.
(b) Reduction is the loss of oxygen.
For example:

In equation (i), CO2 is reduced to CO and in equation (ii), CuO is reduced to Cu.

Question 17: A shiny brown-coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black in
colour. Name the element ‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed.
Answer : ‘X’ is copper (Cu) and the black-coloured compound formed is copper oxide (CuO).
The equation of the reaction involved on heating copper is given below.

Question 18: Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Answer : Iron articles are painted because it prevents them from rusting. When painted, the
contact of iron articles from moisture and air is cut off. Hence, rusting is prevented. So
presence of air and moisture is essential for rusting to take place.

Question 19: Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Answer : Nitrogen is an inert gas and does not easily react with these substances. On the other
hand, oxygen reacts with food substances and makes them rancid. Thus, bags used in packing
food items are flushed with nitrogen gas to remove oxygen inside the pack. When oxygen is
not present inside the pack, rancidity of oil and fat containing food items is avoided.

Question 20: Explain the following terms with one example each.
(a) Corrosion (b) Rancidity
Answer :
(a) Corrosion:
Corrosion is defined as a process where materials, usually metals, deteriorate as a result of a
chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemicals, etc.
For example, iron, in the presence of moisture, reacts with oxygen to form hydrated iron oxide.

This hydrated iron oxide is rust.

(b) Rancidity:
The process of oxidation of fats and oils that can be easily noticed by the change in taste and
smell is known as rancidity.
For example, the taste and smell of butter changes when kept for long.
Rancidity can be avoided by:
1. Storing food in air tight containers
2. Storing food in refrigerators
3. Adding antioxidants
4. Storing food in an environment of nitrogen

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 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 1
CHAPTER – 1
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How are chemical reactions expressed in the shortest way?

2. What is the type of reaction in which the reactant gives simpler products?
3. What is the type of reaction in which two or more reactants combine to a give a single
product?
4. In which type of reaction does an exchange of partners take place?
5. Why are chemical equations balanced?
6. What symbol is used to indicate a solution made in water?
7. What type of reaction does occur during the digestion of food inside our body?
8. What type of reaction is represented by the following equation?

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

9. What type of reaction does occur when silver bromide is exposed to sunlight?
10. A solution of a substance is used for white-washing. Name the substance with its
formula.
11. Name the type of reaction which is represented by the following equations:

Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe

12. Balance the following equation using state symbols: Fe + HCl → FeCl2 + H2.

13. Express the following statement in the form of a balanced chemical equation: “Sodium
reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen”.
14. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs between aluminium
hydroxide and sulphuric acid forming aluminium sulphate and water.
15. What type of reaction does occur when ammonia is allowed to react with hydrogen
chloride?
16. Name the type of reaction involved when a zinc plate is dipped in a solution of copper
sulphate?

17. In the reaction, CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l). Pick out the following:

(i) the substance which is oxidised

(ii) the substance which is reduced
(iii) the oxidizing agent
(iv) the reducing agent
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18. What chemical reaction is involved in the corrosion of iron?
19. Aluminum metal when burnt in air forms aluminium oxide. Write the balanced chemical
equation for the reaction.
20. Is the reaction represented by the following reaction a displacement reaction?

2KI + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2

21. Express the following reaction in the form of a balanced chemical equation: “When a
strip of copper is dipped in a solution of silver nitrate, silver metal is precipitated and a
solution of copper nitrate is produced.”
22. Write the following equation in a balanced form?

NH3 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O

23. What is the process called in which a substance is converted into a new substance?
24. Name the gas evolved when a magnesium ribbon is dropped into dilute sulphuric acid?
25. Give an example of a double displacement reaction.
26. Is copper more reactive than iron? Give the equation of the reaction in support of your
answer?
27. Can a combustion reaction be a redox reaction?
28. Can a double displacement reaction be a redox reaction?
29. State one characteristics of the chemical reaction when lemon juice is added gradually to
potassium permanganate solution?
30. Which gas does evolve when dilute HCl is added to sodium carbonate?
31. Why is photochemical reaction considered an endothermic reaction?
32. Which term is applied for the process in which unpleasant smell and taste develop in
foods containing fats and oils?
33. What are the substances called which are added to foods containing fats and oils to
protect them from becoming rancid?
34. Why are potato chips packaged in nitrogen?
35. In the refining of silver, silver is obtained from silver nitrate by using copper metal. Write
down the reaction involved?
36. A shiny brown coloured element when heated in air becomes black. Name the element
and the black coloured substance so formed.
37. Name the substance which is oxidised in the following reaction:
H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S
38. Why are all decomposition reactions endothermic?
39. Is the decomposition of vegetable matter into compost an exothermic reaction?

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40. Why is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?
41. Balance the following equation:
(i) MNO2 + HCl → MNCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(ii) Na + O2 → Na2O
(iii) H2O2 → H2O + O2
(iv) Mg(OH)2 + HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
(v) Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
(vi) Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + H2O
(vii) NH3 + CuO → Cu + N2 + H2O
(viii) Al2(SO4)3 + NaOH → Al(OH)3 + Na2SO4
(ix) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(x) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
(xi) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + HCl
(xii) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
(xiii) Aluminium + Copper chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper
(xiv) Calcium + Water → Calcium hydroxide + Hydrogen
(xv) Sulphur dioxide + Oxygen → Sulphur trioxide
(xvi) MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(xvii) Zn + HCl → ZnCl2

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What do you mean by a Chemical reaction? Give an example of a chemical reaction.

2. What do you mean by a combination reaction? Give an example.
3. What do you mean by a displacement reaction? Give an example.
4. What do you mean by a decomposition reaction? Give an example.
5. What do you mean by a double displacement reaction? Give an example.
6. Explain the term “Electrolytic decomposition”, giving a suitable example.
7. Mention any two uses of decomposition reaction.
8. Give an example of a reaction in which a less reactive non-metal is displaced by a more
reactive non-metal.
9. Why does the blue colour of copper sulphate change when a piece of iron is dropped into
it?

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10. In the reactions given below, identify the substances that act as oxidizing and reducing
agents:
(i) 4Na (s) + O2 (g) → 2Na2O (s)
(ii) ZnO (s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO (g)
11. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reactions and identify the type of
reaction in each case:
(i) Potassium chloride (aq) + Barium iodide (aq) → Potassium iodide (aq) + barium
chloride (s)
(ii) Zinc carbonate (s) → Zinc oxide (s) + Carbon dioxide (g)
(iii) Hydrogen (g) + Chlorine (g) → Hydrogen chloride (g)
(iv) Magnesium (s) + Hydrochloride acid (aq) → Magnesium chloride (aq) +
Hydrogen(g)
12. Name the type of reaction involved in the reactions represented by the following
equations:
(i) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
(ii) Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
(iii) Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH4OH → 2Al(OH)3 + 3(NH4)2SO4
(iv) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
(v) H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
13. Why is magnesium ribbon cleaned before burning it in air?
14. State the characteristics of a chemical reaction.
15. What is a chemical equation?
16. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen Chloride
(ii) Barium Chloride + Aluminium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride

(iii) Sodium + water → Sodium Chloride + hydrogen

17. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions:
(i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give a precipitate
of barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloride acid solution (in
water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water.
18. How can you explain that respiration is an exothermic reaction?
19. What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving example.

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20. What are anti-oxidants? Name two substances which are usually used as anti-oxidants.
21. State any two ways to prevent the rancidity of food containing oils and fats.
22. What observations do you expect to get when granulated zinc taken in a test tube is
treated with dilute sulphuric acid?
23. Give an example of a chemical reaction which take place with fall in temperature.
24. State on characteristic of chemical reaction taking place when
(i) dilute sulphuric acid is made to react with marble chips.
(ii) lemon juice is added to a solution of potassium permanganate.
(iii) dilute hydrochloride acid is added to a solution of lead nitrate in the cold.
(iv) water is added to quick lime.
25. Which of the following reactions are exothermic and which are endothermic?
(i) Burning of natural gas
(ii) Photosynthesis
(iii) Electrolysis of water
(iv) Respiration
26. What would you observe when lead nitrate is heated in a test tube?
27. Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction?
28. Give an example of a decomposition reaction. Describe an activity to illustrate such a
reaction by heating.
29. When hydrogen is passed over copper oxide, copper and steam are formed. Write a
balanced equation for this reaction and state which of the chemicals are (i) elements
(ii)compounds (iii) reactants (iv) products (v) metals (vi) non-metals
30. (a) What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?
(b) Aluminium burns in chlorine to form aluminium chloride. Write a balanced chemical
equation for this reaction.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Balance the chemical equations for the following reactions:

(i) Cu + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O
(ii) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
2. Differentiate between balanced and an unbalanced chemical equation.
3. Write the following chemical equation with state symbols:
(i) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
(ii) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
(iii) AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
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 (iv) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
4. What do you mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
5. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write
equations for these reactions.
6. Explain, how do oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously.
7. What is corrosion? Write the chemical reaction that takes place during the corrosion of
iron?
8. What are the various ways to make a chemical equation more informative?
9. Explain the following terms: (i) corrosion (ii) Rancidity
10. When metal X is treated with a dilute acid Y, then a gas Z is evolved which burns readily
by making a little explosion.
(a) Name any two metals which can behave like metal X.
(b) Name any two acids which can behave like acid Y.
(c) Name the gas Z.
(d) Is the gas Z lighter than or heavier than air?
(e) Is the reaction between metal X and acid Y exothermic or endothermic?
(f) By taking a specific example of metal X and dilute acid Y, write a balanced chemical
equation for the reaction which takes place. Also indicate physical state of all the
reactants and products.

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 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 2
CHAPTER – 1
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS
1. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?

2. Balance the following chemical equations.

a) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
b) Hg (NO3)2 + KI → Hg I2 + KNO3
c) H2 + O2 → H2O
d) KClO3 → KCl + O2
e) C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

3. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.

a) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver.
b) Aluminum + copper chloride → Aluminum chloride + Copper.
c) Hydrogen + Chlorine. → Hydrogen chloride.
d) Ammonium nitrate → Nitrogen + Carbon dioxide + water.

4. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and indentify the type of reaction in
each case.
a) Calcium hydroxide (aq) + Nitric acid (aq) → Water (l) + Calcium nitrate (aq)
b) Magnesium (s) + Iodine (g) → Magnesium Iodide. (s)
c) Magnesium(s) + Hydrochloric acid(aq) → Magnesium chloride(aq) + Hydrogen(g)
d) Zinc(s) + Calcium chloride (aq) → Zinc Chloride (aq) + Ca(s)

5. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2 Fe.

The above reaction is an example of:
a) Combination reaction b) Decomposition reaction
c) Displacement reaction d) Double decomposition reaction

6. What happens when dil.hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Chose the correct
answer.
a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
c) No reaction takes place.
d) Iron salt and water are produced.

7. Write an equation for decomposition reaction where energy is supplied in the form of heat/
light/ electricity.

8. What do you mean by precipitation reaction?

9. Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? Explain.

10. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write
equations for these reactions?

11. What is the use of keeping food in air tight containers?

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12. What do you mean by corrosion? How can you prevent it?

13. MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

In the above equation, name the compound which is oxidized and which is reduced?

14. Match the following:

1) 2AgNO3 + Na2CrO4 → Ag2CrO4+ 2NaNO3 ( ) a) combination reactions
2) 2 NH3 → N2+ 3H2 ( ) b) decomposition reactions
3) C2H4 + H2O → C2H6O ( ) c) displacement reactions
4) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2 F2+ 3CO2 ( ) d) double displacement Reactions

15. Give two examples for oxidation-reduction reaction.

16. In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved
displacement by copper metal. Write the reaction involved.

17. Explain rancidity.

18. Name the reactions taking place in the presence of sunlight?

19. 2 PbO(s) + C (s) → 2Pb(s) + CO2 (g)

Which of the following statements are correct for the above?
a) Lead is reduced. b) Carbon dioxide is oxidized.
c) Carbon is oxidized. d) Lead oxide is reduced.
i) (a)and (b) ii) (a) and (c) iii) (a), (b), and (c) d) all.

20. Balance the following chemical equations including the physical states.
a) C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2
b) Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
c) NH3 + Cl2 → N2H4+NH4cl
d) Na + H2O → NaOH +H2

21. Balance the chemical equation by including the physical states of the substances for the
following reactions.
a) Barium chloride and sodium sulphate aqueous solutions react to give insoluble Barium
sulphate and aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
b) Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride and water.
c) Zinc pieces react with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen gas and forms zinc
chloride

22. Which of the following is not a physical change?

(a) Boiling of water to give water vapour
(b) Melting of ice to give water
(c) Dissolution of salt in water
(d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

23. The following reaction is an example of a

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
(i) displacement reaction
(ii) combination reaction
(iii) redox reaction

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 (iv) neutralisation reaction

(a) (i) and (iv)

(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

24. Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
(i) Iron metal is getting oxidised
(ii) Water is getting reduced
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent
(iv) Water is acting as oxidising agent

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

25. Which of the following are exothermic processes?

(i) Reaction of water with quick lime
(ii) Dilution of an acid
(iii) Evaporation of water
(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

26. Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken. A small
amount of NaOH, anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl were added to the beakers A, B and C
respectively. It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions
contained in beakers A and B, whereas in case of beaker C, the temperature of the solution
falls. Which one of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(i) In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred.
(ii) In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred.
(iii) In beaker C exothermic process has occurred.
(iv) In beaker C endothermic process has occurred.

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

27. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified
permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears.
Which of the following is the correct explanation for the observation?
(a) KMnO4 is an oxidising agent, it oxidises FeSO4
(b) FeSO4 acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises KMnO4
(c) The colour disappears due to dilution; no reaction is involved
(d) KMnO4 is an unstable compound and decomposes in presence of FeSO4 to a colourless
compound.
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28. Which among the following is(are) double displacement reaction(s)?
(i) Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu
(ii) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(iii) C + O2 → CO2
(iv) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

29. Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true? Exposure of silver chloride to
sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to
(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride
(ii) sublimation of silver chloride
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iv) only

30. Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide accompanied
by liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium hydroxide dissolves in
water to form its solution called lime water. Which among the following is (are) true about
slaking of lime and the solution formed?
(i) It is an endothermic reaction
(ii) It is an exothermic reaction
(iii) The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven
(iv) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

31. Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulphate forms barium sulphate and
ammonium chloride. Which of the following correctly represents the type of the reaction
involved?
(i) Displacement reaction
(ii) Precipitation reaction
(iii) Combination reaction
(iv) Double displacement reaction

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) only
(c) (iv) only
(d) (ii) and (iv)

32. Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and oxygen
gases liberated during electrolysis of water is
(a) 1:1

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 (b) 2:1
(c) 4:1
(d) 1:2

33. Which of the following is(are) an endothermic process(es)?

(i) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(ii) Sublimation of dry ice
(iii) Condensation of water vapours
(iv) Evaporation of water

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (ii) only
(c) (iii) only
(d) (ii) and (iv)

34. In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead
nitrate, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While performing the activity if lead
nitrate is not available, which of the following can be used in place of lead nitrate?
(a) Lead sulphate (insoluble)
(b) Lead acetate
(c) Ammonium nitrate
(d) Potassium sulphate
35. Which of the following gases can be used for storage of fresh sample of an oil for a long
time?
(a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen
(b) Nitrogen or oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide or helium
(d) Helium or nitrogen

36. The following reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct about the reaction?

(a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature
(b) It is a combination reaction
(c) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by release of heat
(d) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature

37. Which one of the following processes involve chemical reactions?

(a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder
(b) Liquefaction of air
(c) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open
(d) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature

38. In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviations represent the correct states
of the reactants and products involved at reaction temperature?
(a) 2H2(l) + O2(l) → 2H2O(g)
(b) 2H2(g) + O2(l) → 2H2O(l)
(c) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
(d) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

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39. Which of the following are combination reactions?

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

40. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of
reaction in each case.
(a) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773K to form
ammonia gas.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
(c) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of
concentrated H2SO4 .
(d) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases
heat and light.

41. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of
reaction in each case.
(a) Thermit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and
aluminium oxide.
(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium
nitride.
(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium
chloride solution and solid iodine.
(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.

42. Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in the following reactions

43. Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?
(a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(b) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(c) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water

44. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions
(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations
gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
(b) Sodium hydrogencarbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium chloride,
water and liberates carbon dioxide.

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 (c) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous iodide (Cu2
I2), liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.

45. Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions

46. Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions

47. A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble
white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type
of the chemical reaction?

48. Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a characteristic odour of
burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identify the type of reaction.

49. Why do fire flies glow at night?

50. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the plant can be
fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a physical
change?

51. Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?

(a) Evaporation of petrol
(b) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot.
(d) Curdling of milk
(e) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride

52. During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following observations
were made.
(a) Silver metal does not show any change
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.

53. A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement
industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it forms a solution
which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical reactions involved.
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54. Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions and also classify
them.
(a) Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to form lead chloride and
acetic acid solution.
(b) A piece of sodium metal is added to absolute ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and
hydrogen gas.
(c) Iron (III) oxide on heating with carbon monoxide gas reacts to form solid iron and
liberates carbon dioxide gas.
(d) Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form solid sulphur and liquid water.

55. Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?

56. Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction.

57. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by

emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it
continues to burn and forms a compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.

58. Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas copper
does not. Explain why?

59. A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article
when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.
60. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide
(black), oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identity the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identity the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X?

61. Give the characteristic tests for the following gases

(a) CO2
(b) SO2
(c) O2
(d) H2

62. What happens when a piece of

(a) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction occurs

63. What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H2SO4, HCl, HNO3,
NaCl and NaOH, also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs.

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64. On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite,
white precipitate is obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears.
Why?

65. You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium. You are also
provided with solutions of dilute HCl, dilute HNO3, ZnCl2 and H2O. In which of the above
containers these solutions can be kept?

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