Journal For Basic Sciences ISSN NO : 1006-8341

Garbage Segregation and Management System

Vedika Sonparote1, Rupali Shinde2, Swati Amrutkar3, Shubhangi Kakade , Prof. L.K.Wani5
1,2,3,4
Student, Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth
College of Engineering , Lavale, Pune, India.
5
Assistant Professor, Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication Engineering , Bharati
Vidyapeeth College of Engineering , Lavale , Pune, India.

Abstract: The neat and clean surrounding is the main driving force for any city to be called
a" smart city". Numerous ultramodern metropolises are presently constrained with various
challenges similar as smart transport systems, smart grids, smart surroundings, and smart
living. Currently, proper waste operation is a major concern for metropolises and civic
areas. Smart Waste Management is a top precedence in any smart city as it directly affects
life, healthcare, and the terrain. To avoid mismanagement of the garbage and to ameliorate
the cleanliness of society, the Garbage monitoring system is designed. In this system, we
aim to overcome the challenges in waste operation. The system would be placed each over
the city with an embedded system to segregate and monitor bin levels. The conception of
the design is, lid of a top opens and closes automatically, separation of dry and wet waste
with the help of humidity detector, the ultrasonic sensor is used to know the position or
level of the garbage in the dustbin and the data will be stored in the AVR Microcontroller
(ATmega328). Through Wi- Fi (ESP8266), the stored data will be displayed on the
webpage. Dry waste and wet waste are maintained independently in this system, and an
LCD monitor are used to indicate whether wet or dry waste has been separated.

Keywords: Microcontroller(Atmega328), Wi-Fi(ESP8266), LCD,Ultrasonic sensor,IR sensor.

1. Introduction

Garbage management has become a major challenge for modern cities and urban areas. The
increasing population and rapid urbanization have resulted in the generation of huge
quantities of waste, which if not managed properly, can lead to serious health and
environmental hazards. With the rapid urbanization and the growing population, the issue
of waste management has become a crucial aspect of city management. The conventional
waste management system is inefficient, labor-intensive, and prone to errors. However,
with the advancement of technology, the Internet of Things (IOT) has provided a new way
to address this problem. One proposed solution is to develop a smart waste management
system that uses ultrasonic sensors, Wi-Fi modules, and servo motors. This system can be
used to monitor the status of the bins in real-time and notify the respective authorities when
the bin is full. This helps in ensuring timely collection and disposal of waste, thereby
reducing the risk of environmental pollution. The objective of this project is to design and
develop a garbage segregation and management system that can efficiently segregate
different types of waste and manage them in an eco-friendly manner. The system will use
advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IOT), and cloud
computing to improve the efficiency of garbage management. The system will consist of a
network of sensors and smart bins that will be installed in different parts of the city. The
sensors will detect the type and quantity of waste deposited in the bins, and the data will be
transmitted to a central server using IoT. The server will use machine learning algorithms
to analyze the data and segregate the waste based on its type. .The smart dustbins are
connected to the internet, allowing them to transmit data to the central server. The data
collected can be analyzed to identify patterns, such as peak usage times, which can be used
to optimize the waste management process The segregated waste will then be managed
using eco-friendly methods such as composting, recycling, and waste-to-energy conversion.

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Additionally, the system can be designed to send alerts to residents in case of emergency
situations, such as a fire or gas leak. The implementation of the smart waste management
system can also improve the quality of life in urban areas. It can help reduce the spread of
diseases caused by poor waste management, reduce traffic congestion due to the timely
collection of waste, and prevent environmental pollution. Moreover, it can encourage
citizens to become more aware of their waste disposal habits and reduce their carbon
footprint. In conclusion, the integration of IoT in waste management systems can
revolutionize the way cities manage their waste. By utilizing technology, it can reduce the
negative impact of waste on the environment, improve public health, and enhance the
overall quality of life in urban areas.

2. Literature Review

Padmakshi Venkateshwara Rao, Pathan Mahammed Abdul Azeez, 2020 [1] Introduces the “IoT
based Waste Management for Smart Cities” to overcome the challenges in the environment such
as inadequate waste collection, treatment, disposal. Due to flooding of the dustbin causes
unhygienic conditions are created, the dustbin is placed in the entire city; it is delivered with
minimum cost embedded method to assist in tracking of the garbage, therefore the “Blynk app”
is used to get the immediate SMS as early as garbage bin reaches its peak level. Therefore,
instant action will be taken by the alarmed authorities once the status of a bin is notified through
the internet. Ultrasonic sensor, node MCU, blynk app, a servo motor is used to develop the
proposed system.
Nikolaos Baras, Dimitris Ziouzios, 2020 [2] Introduces “A cloud-based smart recycling bin for
in-house waste classification” urban waste increases as long as modern lifestyle increases.
Recycling is the best way to create a sustainable environment and also it needs the segregation
of waste materials which is a tedious time-consuming task. It is the minimal cost and effective
smart recycling bin that uses the power of the cloud in order with waste classification in personal
in-house usage. A centralized Information System collects measurements in smart dustbins, the
waste in each bin can be classified using Artificial Intelligence and also neural networks. And
it is capable of classifying different types of waste with an accuracy of 93.4%.
Shashank Shetty, Sanket Salvi, 2020 [3] This introduces the SAF-Sutra: “A Prototype of Remote
Smart waste segregation and garbage level monitoring system”, which can remotely monitor
and is built at a very minimal cost. The design of the presented system considers the portability
and ease of assembly of components as the essential factors during implementations. The
demonstration shows the implemented system; its interaction with the user using the mobile
along with the web application.
Clude-Noel Tamakloe, Dr. Elena v. Rosca, [4] Introduces the “Smart System and the Internet
of Things (IoT) for waste management” to provide an efficient and effective manner for waste
disposal, improving the city’s waste management. The proposed system is drawn and makeup a
prototype of a solar powered, compact smart garbage bin whose monitoring is done with server
side applications. The smart garbage bin is capable of monitoring internal garbage levels,
compact them, and also free 25% of the space with each compactness. The bin detects and
monitors the total weight and is capable of sending all the information to a secure server side
application.
Rania Rizki Arinta, Dominikus Boli Watomakin, 2020 [5] Introduces the “Improves smart waste
management to preserve tourist’s attractions Yogyakarta in IoT environment”, the main agenda
is to make waste recycled, if it is not recycled, it will make the decomposition process more
tedious. Therefore, the dustbin is integrated with the smartphone to find out information about
the capacity of the garbage by using the ultrasonic sensor. The Wi-Fi module combined with
the dustbin allows the sensor to send the data through the Wi-Fi module via smartphone.

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3. Methodology

The system uses ultrasonic sensor for detecting garbage type that whether it is dry or wet.
Ultrasonic sensor is placed inside the dustbin, and it detects the type of garbage that has
been thrown into the bin. The system can differentiate between dry and wet garbage and
sort it accordingly. Dry waste includes paper, plastic, and metal, while wet waste includes
food waste and organic matter. Moreover, the ultrasonic sensor also detects the level of
garbage inside the dustbin. Once the dustbin is full, the sensor sends a signal to the system,
indicating that the bin needs to be emptied. The system then alerts the waste management
team through the server so that they will come and empty the bin, ensuring that the garbage
does not overflow.
1. If anyone is present in front of the dustbin, the dustbin will automatically open its
lid.
2. If a person throws dry garbage, the bin's sensors will detect it and move it to the
dry section of the bin. Similarly, if a person throws wet garbage, the bin will detect
it and move it to the wet section.
3. Another important feature of these smart garbage bins is that they are equipped
with sensors that can detect when the bin is full. In such cases, the bin will
automatically send a message to the respective owner or the municipality to notify
them that it needs to be emptied through the thingspeak server.
4. The data will be sent to the thingspeak server so that the waste management
authorities will get the data on time and there will be no delay in collecting garbage.

Figure 1. System Block Diagram

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3.1 System Setup

Our proposed system consists of specialized garbage bins equipped with sensors to detect
the type of waste being disposed of. These bins should be strategically placed in various
locations to ensure convenience for users. The system also contains server that collects and
analyses the data from the sensors in real-time. This server has robust computing
capabilities to handle the incoming data and perform the necessary segregation and
management algorithms. Through this interface, users can access information about proper
waste disposal methods, receive notifications and updates, and provide feedback.
Furthermore, the system have a backend database to store the collected data, including user
profiles, waste composition data, and operational statistics. This database will facilitate
further analysis and reporting. To ensure smooth operation and maintenance, the system
setup include provisions for regular maintenance and calibration of the sensors, as well as
a mechanism for reporting and addressing any technical issues that may arise. The system
setup for the 'garbage segregation and management system' involves sensor-equipped
garbage bins, developing a user interface, implementing a backend database, and
establishing a maintenance and issue reporting mechanism

3.2 Hardware Description

System Necessity Hardware:

1. Microcontroller (ATMEGA 328)
2. Regulator (7805)
3. LCD 16*2
4. ESP 8266(Wi-Fi module)
5. IR sensor
6. Moisture sensor
7. Servo motors (2)
8. MQ 135 sensor
9. Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)
10. Buzzer

3.3. Software Description

Software:
1) Express PCB(PCB & ckt)design
2) Arduino IDE(programming)

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4. FLOWCHART

Figure 2. Flow Chart

5. Result

Thus, in this publication, we developed a system, for Garbage Segregation and

Management System. This system utilize modern technologies such as Internet of Things
(IOT), sensors to manage waste efficiently. These systems help in sorting waste by
separating into different categories such as dry and wet, making it easier to process and
dispose of them in an environmentally sustainable way. It also detects the odour and
garbage level .This data will be given to the thingspeak server which consists of garbage
level and air quality level. With the help of real-time data generated by sensors, authorities
can identify areas with high waste generation and allocate resources accordingly. The The
data given to the thingspeak server will be analyzed by the authorities and relevant action
will be taken by them. This results in the efficient use of resources and reduces the overall
cost of waste management.

Figure 3. Garbage level data displayed on server.

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Figure 4. Data of Air quality level displayed on server.

Figure 5. Garbage monitoring system

Figure 6. Hardware model of Garbage Segregation System.

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6. Future Scope

The future scope of the project "Garbage Segregation and Management System" is
promising and encompasses several areas of development. Firstly, advancements in
technology can be leveraged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of garbage segregation.
Implementing artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms can enhance the
system's ability to identify and sort different types of waste, thereby increasing recycling
rates and reducing landfill waste. We developed prototype system integrating IoT (Internet
of Things) devices which can enable real-time monitoring of garbage bins, facilitating
optimized waste collection routes and preventing overflowing bins. Furthermore, this
prototype system has the potential to expand beyond individual households and incorporate
larger-scale waste management, such as commercial and industrial sectors. By integrating
waste-to-energy technologies, such as anaerobic digestion or incineration, this can
contribute to sustainable energy generation. Finally, educating and raising awareness
among the community about proper waste management practices can be an integral part of
the project's future scope, promoting long-term behavioural changes and a more
environmentally conscious society.

7. Conclusion

The Garbage Segregation and Management System has been designed and implemented
successfully to help manage the growing problem of waste disposal. This system ensures
the efficient segregation of waste and proper disposal through various means, such as
recycling, composting, and disposal at landfills. The implementation of this system has
numerous benefits, including reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills,
promoting recycling and composting, and preventing pollution and environmental
degradation. Additionally, it helps to minimize the health hazards associated with improper
waste management practices. Overall, the Garbage Segregation and Management System
is a step towards a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment. It is our collective
responsibility to adopt this system and ensure its effective implementation to mitigate the
effects of waste disposal on the environment and public health.

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REFERENCES
[1] Padmakshi Venkateshwara Rao, Pathan Mohammed Abdul Azeez "IoT based waste management for smart
cities" International conference on computer communication and information (ICCCI), Coimbatore, India,
Jan22-24,2020.

[2] Nikolaos Baras, Dimitris Ziouzios "A cloud based smart recycling bin for in-house waste classification" in
the 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering, Istanbul Turkey
June 12-13 2020.

[3] Shashank Shetty, Sanket Salvi "SAF-Sutra: A prototype of Remote Smart Waste Segregation and Garbage
Level Monitoring System" International Conference Communication and Signal Processing, India, July 28-
30,2020.

[4] Claude-Noel Tamakaloe, Dr.Elena V.Rosca "Smart System and the Internet of Things (IOT) For Waste
Management" Bioengineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dep. Ashesi University Accra, Ghana.
2020.

[5] Rania Rizki Arinta, Dominikus Boli Watomakin "Improve Smart waste Management to Preserve Tourist
Attraction Yogyakarta in IoT Environment" International Conference on Smart Technology and applications
(ICOSTA), 2020.

[6] Chetna Kaushal, Anshu Singla "Architecture for garbage Monitoring System using Integrated Technology"
15 September 2020.

[7] M. Al-Maaded, N. K. Madi, Ramazan Kahraman, A. Hodzic, N. G.Ozerkan, "An Overview of Solid Waste
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[8] Raghumani Singh, C. Dey, M. "Solid waste management of Municipality" of Thoubal, Manipur a case study
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