Scribd
Upload
14 views

Assignment-SetD ODE

Uploaded by

sridoesmath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Assignment-SetD ODE

Uploaded by

sridoesmath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Ordinary Differential Equations

Dr. Subhra Bhattacharya


Department of Mathematics
Presidency University

Problem Set D
d
1. Solve the following equations: (D ≡ dx
)
(a) (D2 − 1)y = x sin x + (1 + x2 )ex
(b) (D2 − 2D + 1)y = x2 e3x
(c) (D3 − 7D − 6)y = (x + 1)e2x
(d) (D − 1)2 (D2 + 1)2 y = sin2 x
2
+ ex + x
(e) (D2 + 1)y = x cos 2x
(f) (D2 − 1)y = xex + cos2 x

2. Use the method of undetermined coefficients to solve the following:


(a) y ′′ + 4y = x2 sin 2x
(b) y ′′ − 4y ′ + 4y = xe2x (x2 + 1)
(c) y ′′ + y = 2 cos x
(d) y ′′ + 3y ′ + 2y = cos x + x2
(e) y ′′ − 2y ′ = ex sin x
(f) (D2 − 6D + 9)y = x2 e3x
(g) (D2 − 3D + 2)y = sin 2x
(h) (D3 − 3D2 + 2D)y = x2 ex
(i) (D2 − 2D − 3)y = 2ex − 10 sin x
(j) (D3 − D2 + 4D − 4)y = sin 3x
Check the answers by finding the particular integrals using operator method (f (D)
method).

3. Find particular solutions of:


(a) y ′′ − 4y ′ = 5y = xe−x , y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 0.
(b) y ′′ + 2y ′ + 10y + 37 sin 3x = 0, y(0) = 3, y ′ (0) = 0.
(c) y ′′ + y = cos 2x, y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 1.
2
4. If ddt2x + gb (x − a) = 0, a, b, g being constants and if x, 0) = a0 , ( dx
dt
, 0) = 0, then show
pg
that: x = a + (a0 − a) cos(t b ).

5. Solve the following Euler-Cauchy equations:


(a) (3x + 2)2 y ′′ + 5(3x + 2)y ′ − 3y = x2 + x + 1
(b) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ + 3y = 0, y(1) = 1, y ′ (1) = −5
(c) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ − 4y = x4
(d) x3 y ′′′ + 2x2 y ′′ + 2y = 10 x + 1

x

(e) x2 y ′′ + 5xy ′ + 4y = x4
(f) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ = log x
(g) x2 y ′′ + 4xy ′ + 2y = x + sin x
(h) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ + 2y = (log x)2 − log x2
(i) (2x + 1)2 y ′′ − 6(2x + 1)y ′ + 16y = 8(2x + 1)2 , y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 2
(j) [(1 + x)2 D2 + (1 + x)D + 1] y = 4 cos[log(1 + x)]

6. Find particular integrals by the method of variation of parameters:


(a) y ′′ + 2y ′ + y = x−2 e−x
(b) x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − y = x2 ex
(c) y ′′ − y = 2
1+ex

(d) y ′′ + a2 y = tan ax
(e) x2 y ′′ − 3xy ′ + 3y = 2x4 ex
(f) y ′′ − 2y ′ + y = 2x
(g) y ′′ − y ′ − 6y = e−x

7. Given that sin x and cos x are two linearly independent solutions of the complementary
function, find the particular integral using variation of parameters for (1 − x2 )y ′′ −
4xy ′ − (1 + x2 )y = x.

8. If sin x − cos x and ex are the integrals in the complementary function, then find the
particular integral of y ′′ + (1 − cot x)y ′ − y cot x = sin2 x.

9. If y1 and y2 be particular solutions of y ′′ + p(x)y ′ + q(x)y = R1 (x) and y ′′ + p(x)y ′ +


q(x)y = R2 (x) respectively, then y1 +y2 is a particular solution of y ′′ +p(x)y ′ +q(x)y =
R1 (x) + R2 (x). This is called the “principle of superposition”. Use this to find the
solution of y ′′ + 4y = 4 cos 2x + 6 cos x + 8x2 − 4x.

10. Solve the ODE: (1 − x)y ′′ + xy ′ − y = (1 − x)2 (Hint: Use reduction of order).

Page 2
11. Given that y = x is a solution of x2 y ′′ − x(x + 2)y ′ + (x + 2)y = 0, reduce the equation
x2 y ′′ − x(x + 2)y ′ + (x + 2)y = x3 to a first order ODE and hence find its complete
solution.

12. Solve the following ODE: xy ′ − y = (x − 1)(y ′′ − x + 1), x > 1.

13. Solve the following equations:


(a) (1 − x2 )y ′′ + xy ′ − y = x(1 − x2 )3/2
(b) xy ′′ − y ′ + (1 − x)y = x2 e−x

14. Solve the following equations:


(a) sin2 xy ′′ = 2y, given that y = cot x is a solution.
(b) y ′′ − 2 tan xy ′ + 3y = 2 sec x given that y = sec x is a solution of the homogeneous
equation.

15. Solve by reducing to normal form:


2
(a) y ′′ − 4xy ′ + (4x2 − 1)y = −3ex sin 2x
(b) y ′′ − 2 tan xy ′ + 5y = ex sec x
(c) y ′′ + x2 y ′ + n2 y = 0
(d) d
dx
(cos2 xy ′ ) + y cos2 x = 0
(e) x2 y ′′ − 2x(3x − 2)y ′ + 3x(3x − 4)y = e3x

16. Solve by changing independent variable:


(a) y ′′ + x3 y ′ + 9
x6
y = 1
x8
, x ̸= 0.
(b) (1 + x)2 y ′′ + (1 + x)y ′ + y = 4 cos(log(1 + x))
(c) (x3 − x)y ′′ + y ′′ + y ′ + n2 x3 y = 0
(d) x4 y ′′ + 2x3 y ′ + n2 y = 0
(e) y ′′ − x2 y ′ + (1 + 2
x2
)y = xex
d2 x
17. A particle moves in a straight line in accordance with the law: dt2
+ 10 dx
dt
+ 16x = 0
with x = 1 ft at t = 0 and v = dx
dt
= 4 ft/sec at t = 0.
(a) Find the equation of motion (Solution).
(b) Is the motion oscillatory?
(c) What is the maximum value of x? When does x attain its maximum value?
d2 x
18. A particle moves in a straight line as per the law: dt2
+ 4 dx
dt
+ 13x = 0 such that at
t = 0, x = 0, v = 12 ft/s.

Page 3
(a) Solve the equation for x as a function of t.
(b) What is the damping factor, damped amplitude, damped period and frequency?
(c) Find the time required for the damped amplitude to decrease by half?
√
Hint: In a general solution of the type x = Ce−rt sin( w2 − r2 t+δ) r > 0, the damped
amplitude is identified as Ce−rt , with damping factor e−rt , the damped frequency is
√
w2 −r2
2π
and the damped time period is inverse of the frequency.

19. The oscillatory motion of a spring is given by: y ′′ +2ay ′ +by = 0, a2 < b It is observed
that the damping factor is reduced by 80% in 10 seconds and its damped period is 2
seconds. Find a and b. (Hint: Since the motion is oscillatory the roots of the auxiliary
equation m2 + 2am + b = 0 are complex conjugates, hence the solution can be written
√
as x = Ce−rt sin( w2 − r2 t + δ))

20. Solve the following equations:


(a) y ′′ + [f (x) − 1]y ′ − f (x)y = 0
(b) y ′′ + xf (x)y ′ − f (x)y = 0

Page 4

You might also like