University of Rajasthan

Jaipur

SYLLABUS
(Three/ Four Year Under Graduate Programme in Social Science)
(Economics)

I, II, III & IV Semester

2024-25
 As per NEP-2020

University of Rajasthan
Department of Economics

Programme Name: UG9101-Three/Four Year B.A

The Programme is divided into four parts and each part will consist of two semesters.

Part Year Odd Semester Even Semester

Part-I First Year Semester-I Semester-Il

Part-Il Second Year Semester-Ill Semester-IV
Part-Ill Third Year Semester-V Semester-VI
Part-IV Fourth Year Semester-Vll Semester-VIII

S. No. Discipline / Subject Page No.

l. Programme Prequisites and Outcome 03
2. Scheme of Examination 04
3. Contact Hours 05
4. Exit and Entrance Policy 06
5. Letter grade and Grade Points 06
6. Semester wise Paper Detail and Detailed Syllabus of 7-22
Economics

Name of University: University of Rajasthan, Jaipur

Name of Faculty: UG9101 -B.A.
Name of Discipline: Economics
Programme Prerequisites: Passed 12 th Class
 Programme Outcomes (POs):

1. Students will be introduced to contemporary economic issues and challenges at both

national and global levels, promoting a practical understanding of the discipline's
relevance. Graduates will understand the basic economic issues and problems of the real
world, enabling them to analyze and address these challenges effectively.

2. Graduates will be able to take informed actions by identifying the assumptions that frame
our thinking and actions. They will assess the accuracy and validity of these assumptions
and view ideas and decisions from intellectual, organizational, and personal perspectives.

3. The programme provides a firm basis for advanced thinking in the economics discipline.
Graduates will comprehend the behavior and interactions of households, firms, and
government institutions.

4. Students will learn the mathematical and statistical techniques essential for understanding
economics. They will be trained to collect primary data and understand appropriate policy
responses to economic problems.
5. Students will gain insights into the dynamics of economic development, including the
roles of financial inclusion, sustainable development initiatives, and government policies.

6. The programme equips students with the flexibility to prepare for careers in academia,
law, management, journalism, government, and many other fields, providing a broad
range of opportunities.
 Scheme of Examination for the Session 2024-2025
Scheme of the Examination for Practical subjects:

1 Credit = 25 marks for examination/evaluation

Continuous assessment, in which sessional work and the terminal examination will contribute to
the final grade. Each course in Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) has two components-
Continuous assessment (20% Weightage) and (End of Semester Examination) EoSE (80%
weightage)

1. Sessional work will consist of class tests, mid-semester examination(s), homework

assignments, etc., as determined by the faculty in charge of the courses of study.

2. Each Paper of EoSE shall carry 80% of the total marks of the course/subject. The EoSE
will be of 3 hours duration.

Part-A of the paper shall have multiple questions of equal marks. This first question shall be
based on knowledge, understanding and applications of the topics/texts covered in the syllabus.
Part-B of the paper shall consist of 4 questions with an internal choice of each. The four questions
will be set with one from each of the units with internal choice. Third to fourth questions shall
be based on applications of the topics/texts covered in the syllabus (60% Weightage) and shall
involve solving Problems (40% Weightage) if applicable.
3. 75% Attendance is mandatory for appearing in EoSE.
4. To appear in the EoSE examination of a course/subject student must appear in the midsemester
examination and obtain at least a "C" grade in the course/subject.
5. Credit points in a Course/Subject will be assigned only if, the student obtains at least a C grade
in midterm and EoSE examination of a Course/Subject.

Scheme of the Examination for Non-Practical subjects:

1 Credit = 25 marks for examination/evaluation

Continuous assessment, in which sessional work and the terminal examination will contribute to
the final grade. Each course in Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) has two components-
Continuous assessment (20% Weightage) and (End of Semester Examination) EoSE (80%
weightage)
6. Sessional work will consist of class tests, mid-semester examination(s), homework
assignments, etc., as determined by the faculty in charge of the courses of study.

7. Each Paper of EoSE shall carry 80% of the total marks of the course/subject. The EoSE
will be of 3 hours duration.
Part-A of the paper shall have multiple questions of equal marks. This first question shall be
based on knowledge, understanding and applications of the topics/texts covered in the syllabus.
Part-B of the paper shall consist of 2 questions with an internal choice of each. The questions
will be set with one from each of the units with internal choice. Third to fourth questions shall
be based on applications of the topics/texts covered in the syllabus (60% Weightage) and shall
involve solving Problems (40% Weightage) if applicable.
Part-C of the paper shall consist of 4 questions with an internal choice of each. The four questions
will be set with one from each of the units with internal choice. Third to fourth questions shall
be based on applications of the topics/texts covered in the syllabus (60% Weightage) and shall
involve solving Problems (40% Weightage) if applicable.

8. 75% Attendance is mandatory for appearing in EoSE.

9. To appear in the EoSE examination of a course/subject student must appear in the midsemester
examination and obtain at least a "C" grade in the course/subject.
10. Credit points in a Course/Subject will be assigned only if, the student obtains at least a C
grade in midterm and EoSE examination of a Course/Subject.

Contact Hours 15 Weeks per Semester

L — Lecture: (l Credit = I Hour/Week)

T — Tutorial: (l Credit = 1 Hour/Week)
S — Seminar: (l Credit = 2 Hours/Week)
P — Practical/Practicum: (l Credit = 2 Hours/Week)
F — Field Practice/Projects: (l Credit = 2 Hours/Week)
SA — Studio Activities: (l Credit = 2 Hours/Week)
I — Internship: (l Credit = 2 Hours/Week)
C — Community Engagement and Service: (1Credit = 2 Hours/Week)
 Exit and Entrance Policy

1. Students who opt to exit after completion of the first year and have secured 48 credits
will be awarded a UG Certificate if, in addition, they complete one internship of 4 credits
during the summer vacation of the first year. These students are allowed to re-enter the
degree programme within three years and complete the degree programme within the
stipulated maximum period of seven years.

2. Students who opt to exit after completion of the second year and have secured 96 credits
will be awarded the UG diploma if, in addition, they complete one internship of 4 credits
during the summer vacation of the second year. These students are allowed to re-enter
within a period of three years and complete the degree programme within the maximum
period of seven years.

3. Students who wish to undergo a 3-year UG programme will be awarded UG Degree in

the Major discipline after successful completion of three years, securing 150 credits and
satisfying the minimum credit requirement.

4. A four-year UG Honours degree in the major discipline will be awarded to those who
complete a four-year degree programme with 200 credits and have satisfied the minimum
credit requirements.

5. Students who secure 75% marks and above in the first six semesters and wish to
undertake research at the undergraduate level can choose a research stream in the fourth
year. They should do a research project or dissertation under the guidance of a faculty
member of the University/College. The research project/dissertation will be in the major
discipline. The students, who secure 200 credits, including 12 credits from a research
project/dissertation, are awarded UG Degree (Honours with Research).
Letter Grades and Grade Points
Letter Grade Grade Point Marks Range (%)
O (outstanding) 10 91-100
A+ (Excellent) 9 81-90

A (Very good) 8 71-80

B+ (Good) 7 61-70
 B (Above average) 6 51-60
C (Average) 5 40 – 50
P (Pass) 4

F (Fail) 0

Ab (Absent) 0

When students take audit courses, they may be given a pass (P) or fail (F) grade without any credit.
SEMESTER WISE PAPER TITLES WITH DETAILS
 Name of Programme: UG9101-B.A.
Subject/ Discipline: Economics
S No Level Semester Type Title CREDITS
L T P Total
1 5 I MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-51T-101: 4 0 0 4
Principles of Micro Economics

2 5 I MJR/MIN UG9101- ECO-51P-102: 0 0 2 2

Eco-Practical-I

3 5 II MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-52T-103: Indian 4 0 0 4

Economy

4 5 II MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-52P-104: 0 0 2 2
Eco-Practical-II

5 6 III MJR/MIN UG9101- ECO-63T-201: 4 0 0 4

Principles of Macro Economics

6 6 III MJR/MIN UG9101- ECO-63 P-202: 0 0 2 2

Eco-Practical-III

7 6 UG9101-ECO-64T-203(A): 4 0 0 4
Statistics
OR
MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-64T-203(B)– 4 0 0 4
History of Economic Thought
IV
8 6 IV MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-64P-204: 0 0 2 2

Eco-Practical-IV
9 7 V MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-75T-301 4 0 0 4
International, Development and
Public Economics
10 7 V MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-75P-302: 0 0 2 2
Eco-Practical-V

7 VI UG9101-ECO-76T-303(A)- 4 0 0 4
11 Mathematical Methods for
Economics
MJR/MIN OR
UG9101-ECO-76T-303(B)- 4 0 0 4
Economic Review of Rajasthan

12 7 VI MJR/MIN UG9101-ECO-76P-304: 0 0 2 2
Eco-Practical-VI
 Syllabus
UG9101-B.A.
Semester-I: Economics

Type Paper Code and Duration of Maximum Marks Minimum Marks (

Nomenclature Examination (Midterm+ Mid term+ EoSE)
EoSE)
Theory UG9101- ECO-51T- 1 Hrs-MT 20 Marks- MT 08 Marks-MT
101: Principles of
3Hrs- EoSE 80 Marks- EoSE 32 Marks-EoSE
Microeconomics

Practical UG9101- ECO-51P- 1 Hrs-MT 10 Marks- MT 04 Marks- MT

102: Eco-Practical-I 3Hrs- EoSE 40 Marks- EoSE 16 Marks-EoSE
EoSE Marks Distribution:
1. Practicum Report: 20 marks
2. Written Test : 12 Marks
3. Viva – Voce : 08 Marks

Semester I
Code of the Course UG9101- ECO-51T-101
Title of the Course/Paper Principles of Micro Economics
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 4
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Lectures
Prerequisites Nil
Objective of the Course This course provides an introduction to microeconomic
principles and their applications. The primary objective
is to equip students with an understanding of the
fundamental concepts, theories, and methods used in
microeconomic analysis.
Course Outcome
CO1: Students will develop a thorough understanding of economics, encompassing the
economic issues of scarcity and choice, the concept of opportunity cost, and the essential
questions of what, how, and for whom to produce, while differentiating between positive
and normative analysis.

CO2: Students will be able to analyze the laws of demand and supply, market
equilibrium, and elasticity, as well as concepts such as consumer surplus and producer
surplus, to understand market behavior and outcomes.

CO3: Students will gain understanding of budget constraints, utility, and indifference
curves, alongside analyzing production processes and cost structures in both the short run
and long run.
CO 4: Students will learn about the features of various market structures, including
perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.

Syllabus
UG9101-ECO-51T-101: Principles of Micro Economics

UNIT-I
Subject Matter of Economics: Why study economics? Scope and method of economics; the economic
problem: scarcity and choice; the concept of opportunity cost; three problems of economic system: the
question of what to produce, how to produce and how to distribute output; science of economics; positive
versus normative analysis.
Demand: Law of demand; determinants of demand; shifts of demand versus movements along a demand
curve; market demand.
Supply: Law of supply; determinants of supply; shifts of supply versus movements along a supply curve;
market supply; market equilibrium; elasticity and its application; consumer surplus; producer surplus.
(25 Lecture)
UNIT-II
The Households: The consumption decision- budget constraint, concept of utility, diminishing marginal
utility, Diamond-water paradox, consumption and income/price changes. Demand for all other goods and
price changes: consumer choice: indifference curves, properties of indifference curves derivation of
demand curve from indifference curve and budget constraint; consumer equilibrium, income and
substitution effects; labour supply and savings decision- choice between leisure and consumption.
(20 Lecture)
UNIT III
Production: Behaviour of profit maximizing firms, production process, production functions, law of
variable proportions, isoquant and iso cost lines.
Costs: concepts of costs, Costs in the short run, costs in the long run, relationship between AC and MC,
revenue and profit maximization, minimizing losses, short run industry supply curve, economies and
diseconomies of scale.
(25 Lecture)
UNIT IV
Perfect Competition: Assumptions, features, supply curve of a competitive firm, short run and long run
equilibrium of a firm/industry. Monopoly: Meaning, source, types, assumptions, features, price and
output determination in the short run and long run.
Monopolistic Competition: Features/ characteristics, short run and long run equilibrium of a firm, role of
advertising. Oligopoly: Assumptions, features and characteristics. (20 Lecture)

Suggested Books:
1. Ahuja H.L (2017). Advanced Economic Theory, S. Chand and Company, New Delhi.
2. Bernheim, B., Whinston, M. (2009). Microeconomics. TataMcGraw-Hill.
3. Dominick Salvatore (2002) Theory and Problems of Microeconomic Theory, Schaum’s
Outline Series, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore.
4. H.R (2010). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, W.W.North and
Company, 8th edition.
5. Koutsoyiannis A, (2008). Modern Microeconomics, Macmillan. London.
6. Mankiw, N. (2007). Economics: Principles and applications, 4th ed. Cengage Learning,
2007.
7. Pindyck Robert S., and Daniel L. Rubinfeld, (2012) Microeconomics. Pearson Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.

Semester I
Code of the Course UG9101- ECO-51P-102
Title of the Course/Paper Eco-Practical-I
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 2
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Practicum
Objective of the Course The course aims to equip students with the
necessary skills to develop and carry out
surveys along with analytical skills through
 the case study discussions, project report and
data interpretation techniques.

1. C01: Students will be able to understand the consumer preferences and their decision-
making process through surveys.

2. C02: Enable the student to design and conduct market surveys to gather data on consumer
preferences, behaviors, and purchasing patterns.

3. CO3: Students will be able to use their knowledge to solve practical economic problems,
make informed decisions, and understand the impact of economic policies and market
changes.

Syllabus
UG9101- ECO-51P-102: Eco-Practical-I
Case Studies
Consumer Behavior Analysis: Market surveys or experiments to study consumer preferences,
decision-making processes, and the impact of advertising or branding on consumer choices.
Industry Structure: Investigating the market structure of a specific industry (e.g., automobile,
telecommunications) and analyzing its implications for competition and market outcomes.
(20 Lecture)

Graphical Presentation
Construction of Demand and Supply curves. Measurement of Price Elasticity. Estimation of,
Revenue, Cost, and Product Curves. (20 Lecture)

Project Report
Market Survey and Consumer Behavior, Startup India and its impact, Environment and
Economic Growth (20 Lecture)

Syllabus
UG9101-B.A.
Semester-II: Economics

Type Paper Code and Duration of Maximum Marks Minimum Marks (

Nomenclature Examination (Midterm+ EoSE) Midterm+ EoSE)
Theory UG9101- ECO-52T103: 1 Hrs-MT 20 Marks- MT 08 Marks-MT
Indian Economy 3Hrs- EoSE 80 Marks- EoSE 32 Marks-EoSE
Practical UG9101- ECO-52P- 1 Hrs-MT 10 Marks- MT 04 Marks- MT
104: Eco-Practical-I 3Hrs- EoSE 40 Marks- EoSE 16 Marks-EoSE
 EoSE Marks Distribution:
1. Practicum Report: 20 marks
2. Written Test : 12 Marks
3. Viva – Voce : 08 Marks

Semester II
Code of the Course UG9101- ECO-52T-103
Title of the Course/Paper Indian Economy
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 4
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Lectures
Objective of the Course The primary objective of this course is to provide students
with a comprehensive understanding of the Indian
economy. The course covers the historical background,
fundamental features, and comparative aspects of the
economy.

Course Outcomes
CO 1: students will learn about the historical development and fundamental features of the Indian
economy and able to evaluate the growth and structural changes in national income. They will
analyze various natural resources of India and understand demographic theories and trends.
Students will assess India's performance in education, health, malnutrition, and the Human
Development Index.
CO 2: Students will understand the role and performance of agriculture, land reforms,
industrial policies, growth, productivity, and labor reforms.
CO 3: Students will analyse the importance, trends, and performance of the service sector, and
the structural changes in foreign trade. Furthermore, they will assess the balance of payments
and the role of international organizations like the IMF and WTO.
CO 4: Finally, they will analyse the objectives, achievements, and functions of planning bodies
like NITI Aayog, and evaluate policy interventions aimed at addressing issues related to
unemployment, poverty, inequality, and economic challenges.

Syllabus
UG9101- ECO-52T-103: INDIAN ECONOMY
UNIT- I
Introduction- Indian Economy: Historical overview, basic features, comparative perspective;
National Income: Growth and structural change; Natural resources: land, minerals, water, forest
and power resources.
Population and Human Development: Demographic transition theory; demographic trends and
issues; education; health; mal-nutrition; India's performance in human development Index.
(14 Lecture)
UNIT-II
Agriculture and Land Reforms: Policies and Performance in Agriculture: role and importance,
growth, productivity, agrarian structure and technology, capital formation, trade, pricing; Land
Reforms: issues and policies.
Industry and Labour Reforms: Policies and Performance in Industry: growth; productivity;
diversification; small scale industries; public sector; competition policy; foreign investment;
Labour reforms: issues and policies.
(16 Lecture)
UNIT-III
Service Sector: Importance, trends, performance, reforms and issues. Foreign Trade: trends,
performance. structural changes, reforms and issues: Balance of Payments: present scenario,
Causes and remedial measures to correct unfavourabie balance of trade; Role and functions of
IMF and WTO.
(16 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Planning, Growth and Distribution: Planning: major objectives, achievements, functions of
NITI Aayog; Growth and distribution: unemployment, poverty, inequality and policy
intervention.
(14 Lecture)
Recommended books:
1. Economic Survey (Latest Ed), Ministry of Finance, Government of India (Hindi and
English).
2. Laxmi Narayan Nathuramka: Bhartiya Arthshastra, College Book House (Latest Ed.)
3. Mishra and Puri: Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House (Latest Ed.) (Hindi and
English).
4. Rudra Dutt and Sundaram: Indian Economy. S. Chand (Latest Ed.) (Hindi and English).
5. Uma Kapila: Indian Economy, Academic Foundation (Latest Ed).

Semester II
Code of the Course UG9101- ECO-52P-104
Title of the Course/Paper Eco-Practical-II
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 2
 Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Practicum
Objective of the Course The primary objective of this course is to equip students
with practical skills and in-depth knowledge about the
Indian economy through hands-on activities, fieldwork,
and case studies.
Course Outcomes:
CO 1: Students will be able to integrate theoretical concepts with practical situations through
case studies and fieldwork. They will develop the ability to critically analyze and discuss
case studies related to key economic issues and propose solutions to these problems based
on their findings.

CO 2: Students will design and execute socio-economic surveys to collect relevant data and
conduct field visits to observe and identify economic issues in communities.

CO 2: The course will enhance their skills in gathering, organizing, and managing data from
fieldwork and surveys, and utilize appropriate techniques to interpret and draw conclusions
from the data.

CO3: Students will prepare comprehensive reports based on data analysis and field
observations, presenting their findings clearly, concisely, and with supporting evidence.

UG9101-ECO-52P-104: Eco-Practical-II
Syllabus
1. Case Studies: Discussion on case study related to issues of Indian economy.
(20 Lectures).
2. Socio-Economic Survey and Field Work: Field visits to identify local/regional economic
issues/ problems.
(20 Lectures)
3. Report Writing: Make observation including data collection, analyze the data and prepare a
brief report on chosen topic.
(20 Lectures)
Syllabus
UG9101-B.A.
Semester-III: Economics

Type Paper Code and Duration of Maximum Marks Minimum Marks (

Nomenclature Examination Midterm+ EoSE)
 (Midterm+
EoSE)
Theory UG9101- ECO-63T- 1 Hrs-MT 20 Marks- MT 08 Marks-MT
201: Principles of 3Hrs- EoSE 80 Marks- EoSE 32 Marks-EoSE
Macro Economics
Practical UG9101- ECO-63P-202: 1 Hrs-MT 10 Marks- MT 04 Marks- MT
Eco-Practical-II 3Hrs- EoSE 40 Marks- EoSE 16 Marks-EoSE
EoSE Marks Distribution:
1. Practicum Report: 20 marks
2. Written Test : 12 Marks
3. Viva – Voce : 08 Marks

Semester III
Code of the Course UG9101- ECO-63T-201
Title of the Course/Paper Principles of Macro Economics
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 4
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Lectures
Prerequisites Nil
Objective of the Course This course aims to equip students with a thorough
understanding of the principles, theories, and
applications of macroeconomic concepts. The
objective of this course is to enhance students’
understanding to the methods and challenges of
measuring key macroeconomic indicators such as
GDP, unemployment rates, inflation rates, and
interest rates.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Unit introduces the meaning & methodology of macroeconomics; schools of
macroeconomic thought and macroeconomic variables.
CO2: National income is a crucial macroeconomic aggregate that reflects the overall economic
performance of a country. Unit plays a pivotal role in helping students grasp the concept of
national income.
CO3: Money and price are the instrumental variables in facilitating the transaction and in the
allocation of resources in the economy. Current unit presents a detailed account of money, its
functions and its relation with general price level.
CO4: Unit portrays the interaction of real sector variables including income, employment,
consumption, saving and investment.
CO5: The quantity of money in an economy is critical in determining the other macroeconomic
variables like interest rate, general price level and aggregate demand. Thus, the level of quantity
of money in circulation is a major policy issue. Therefore, the unit has been designed to enlighten
the students about money supply and its determination.

Syllabus
UG9101- ECO-63T-201: Principles of Macro Economics
Unit-I
Macroeconomics: Meaning, Subject matter, Origin, and Importance. Basic tenets of Classical,
Keynesian, New-Classical and New-Keynesian economics, Macro Economic Variables: Stock
vs flow, Ex-ante vs Ex-post, Endogenous vs Exogenous, Ratio Variables, Autonomous vs
Induced, Dependent vs Independent. Interdependence between Micro and Macro Economics.
Fallacy of Composition. A brief introduction of Nobel laureate Macro Economists.
(25 Lectures)
Unit-II
Circular Flow of Income in a Two, Three & Four Sector Economy. Leakages & Injections.
National Income: Basic Concepts, Measurement Methods, Nominal & Real income. CPI and
GDP Deflator. Concept of Net Economic Welfare (NEW).
(20 Lectures)
Unit-III
Money Functions. Quantity Theory of Money: Transaction & Cash Balance Approach.
Keynesian Theory of Money. Milton Friedman Restatement of QTM. Inflation: Definition,
Concept, Types, Causes, Effects & Remedial Measures. The Social Cost of Inflation. Phillips
Curve. (20 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Income & Employment Determination: Simple Classical & Keynesian Model. Consumption
Function & its Determinants. The Saving Function & Marginal Efficiency of Capital. Investment
Function and its Determinants & Marginal efficiency of Investment. Concept of Multiplier and
Accelerator. Business Cycle: Definition & Phases. (25 Lectures)
Recommended Books:
1. Richard T.Froyen. Macro Economics: Theories and Policies (X Edition), Adapted by
Pearson Education.
2. G S Gupta. Macro Economics: Theory & Application, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
 3. Edward Shapiro
4. Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz. Macro Economics, XIIth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi.
5. N. Gregory Mankiw. Macro Economics, Worth Publishers.
6. Schaum’s Series: Macro Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
7. H.L.Ahuja (Hindi & English Edition) Macro Economics: Theory & Policy, S.Chand&
Co Ltd., New Delhi

Semester III
Code of the Course UG9101-ECO-63P-202
Title of the Course/Paper Eco-Practical-III
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 2
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Practicum
Objective of the Course The course seeks to make students aware of the concepts
and trends in national income, inflation, and
unemployment in India through case studies and
graphical presentation. The course aims to highlight the
contribution on women entrepreneurs in India and
educate students about sustainable agricultural practices.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Students will gain knowledge about the policy responses and strategies adopted by
businesses and governments to mitigate the global supply chain disruptions.
CO2: Students will get a grasp of recent trends in major macroeconomic indicators of the Indian
economy and understand the historical context and objectives of agricultural reforms in India.
CO3: Students will learn about the contribution of women entrepreneurs and their challenges.
The students will also get to know of the sustainable agricultural practices that are the need of
the hour.

Syllabus
Case Studies
Global Supply Chain Disruptions: Analyze the impact of events like the COVID-19 pandemic
on global supply chains and international trade.
 Agricultural Reforms in India: Evaluate the impact of agricultural reforms on productivity,
income, and rural development in India.
Renewable Energy Adoption: Case study on the transition to renewable energy sources in a
country or region and its economic impacts. ( 20 Lectures)
Graphical Presentation
Plotting Functions: Graphing supply and demand curves, cost functions. Recent trends in
inflation, GDP growth rate, and unemployment. ( 20 Lectures)
Project Report
Tourism and Local Economy, Women Entrepreneurs in India, Sustainable Agricultural Practices.
( 20 Lectures)

Syllabus
UG 9101-B.A.
Semester-IV: Economics

Type Paper Code and Nomenclature Duration of Maximum Marks Minimum Marks (
Examination (Midterm+ EoSE) Midterm+ EoSE)
Theory UG9101-ECO-64T-203(A): 1 Hrs-MT 20 Marks- MT 08 Marks-MT
Statistics 3Hrs- EoSE 80 Marks- EoSE 32 Marks-EoSE
OR
UG9101-ECO-64T-203(B):
History of Economic Thought

Practical UG9101- ECO-64P-204: 1 Hrs-MT 10 Marks- MT 04 Marks- MT

Eco-Practical-IV 3Hrs- EoSE 40 Marks- EoSE 16 Marks-EoSE
EoSE Marks Distribution:
1. Practicum Report: 20 marks
2. Written Test : 12 Marks
3. Viva – Voce : 08 Marks

Semester IV
Code of the Course UG9101-ECO-64T-203(A)
Title of the Course/Paper Statistics
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 4
 Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Lectures
Objective of the Course This course aims to equip students with both
theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary
to analyze and interpret data effectively. The
objective of this course is to impart basic concepts
of statistics essential for studying socio-economic
problems with a particular focus on data collection
techniques, classification, tabulation and analysis of
data.

Course Outcome
CO1: Students will apply foundational statistical methods to analyze economic data, including
techniques for data collection, tabulation, and graphical representation, thereby gaining practical
skills in handling real-world datasets.

CO2: Students will learn about the relationships between variables using correlation techniques
like Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients, and analyze trends in economic data through
regression analysis and time series analysis, enhancing their ability to interpret statistical
findings.

CO3: To Apply statistical techniques to analyze data from various fields such as business,
economic, social sciences, and natural sciences.

CO4: Students will assess statistical significance through hypothesis testing, understanding
concepts such as degrees of freedom, levels of significance, and types of errors, enabling them
to make informed decisions based on rigorous statistical inference in economic research.

Syllabus
UG9101-ECO-64T-203(A): Statistics

Unit-I
Statistics- Nature and Uses. Methods of data collection and tabulation. Diagrammatic and
Graphical representation of data. Measures of Central Tendency: Arithmetic Mean, Geometric
Mean, Harmonic Mean, Mode, Median and Partition Values. (25 Lectures)
Unit -II
Concept and Measures of Dispersion, Skewness. Simple Correlation: Karl Pearson’s Coefficient
of Correlation and Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Regression analysis, fitting of linear regression
lines using Least Square Method. (25 Lectures)
Unit -III
Analysis of Time Series, Components, Determination of trend by straight line trend equation.
Index Numbers: Laspayer’s, Paasche’s, Fisher’s Ideal Index Number, Splicing, Deflating.
Interpolation (Binomial Expansion and Newton’s Method). Association of Attributes.
(20 Lectures)
Unit -IV
Elementary Probability Theory, Testing of Hypothesis: Concepts of Degree of Freedom, Level
of Significance, Critical Region, Type I and II error, Standard error, t test. (20 Lectures)
Books recommended:
1. S.P. Gupta. Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand Sons, New Delhi.
2. M.R. Spiegel. Theory and Problems of Statistics, McGraw Hill Books, London.
3. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S Chand and sons,
New Delhi.
4. Salvator, D. Mathematics and Statistics, Schaum’s Series, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. G. S. Monga. Mathematics and statistics for Economics, Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
6. K. N. Nagar. Fundamentals of Statistics, Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut.

Semester IV
Code of the Course UG9101-ECO-64T-203(B)
Title of the Course/Paper History of Economic Thought
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 4
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Lectures
Objective of the Course This course aims to develop the understanding of historical
context and explore how the economic ideas developed in
response to social, political, and technological changes over
time. It also analyzes the contributions of key economists such
as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, and others,
and how their theories shaped economic thought.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Students should demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the major economic theories,
thinkers, and debates throughout history.
CO2: To develop the ability to critically analyze and evaluate economic theories and their
implications within their historical contexts.
 CO3: To compare and contrast different economic theories and schools of thought,
highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and relevance.
CO4: To apply historical economic theories to analyze and understand contemporary
economic issues and debates.
Syllabus
UG9101-ECO-64T-203(B): History of Economic Thought
Unit-1
Mercantilism: Views on Trade, Money, Prices, Wages and Employment. Physiocracy: Natural
Order, Primacy of Agriculture, Net Product and Circulation of Wealth, Theory of Taxation and
Role of Government.
Classical School: Adam Smith- Views on Division of Labour, Theory of Value, Capital
accumulation, Distribution, International Trade, Economic Development, and Critics of Adam
Smith. (Lecture 25)

Unit- II
Malthus- theory of population, Theory of Gluts. Theory of Ricardo- Theory of Value and
Distribution, Foreign Trade, Economic Development and Theory of Rent. Critics of the Classical
School- Sismondi, Robert Owen, Friedrich List. (Lecture 20)

Unit- III
J.S. Mill: Theory of Value, Views on Production and Distribution. Utopians, Socialists Louis
Blanc, Proudhon, Forier Roberts, Karl marks: efforts at scientific socialism, Theory of Money,
Labour Theory of Value, Theory of Capital accumulation and crisis, Distribution.
(Lecture 25)
Unit- IV
The German Historical School, Mathematical School and the development of marginalism, Neo-
classical school: Marshall and Keynes.
Indian Economic Thought: Kautilya and Gandhi. (Lecture 20)
Books Recommended:
1. H. Haney: A History of Economic Thought.
2. Eric Roll: A History of Economic Thought.
3. Lionel Robbins: A History of Economic Thought.
4. S.K. Srivastava: A History of Economic Thought.
5. H.L. Bhatia: A History of Economic Thought.
6. V.C. Sinha: आर्थिक र्िचार का इर्िहास.
7. B.N. Ganguli, Indian Economic Thought: A 19th Century perspective, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi.
Semester IV
Code of the Course UG9101-ECO-64P-204
Title of the Course/Paper Eco-Practical-IV
NHEQF Level 5
Credit 2
Level of the Course Introductory
Type of the Course Major/Minor
Delivery Type of the Course Lectures
Objective of the Course This course aims to equip students with the knowledge and
skills necessary to evaluate the economic effects of farm
subsidies, financial inclusion, sustainable development
initiatives, the COVID-19 pandemic, and government policies.
The course will provide students with practical research skills,
enabling them to design and conduct field studies
questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. They
will gain proficiency in utilizing a variety of data visualization
techniques, including histograms, bar charts, pie charts, and
box plots, to interpret and communicate data effectively.

Course Outcomes

CO1: Students will be able to evaluate the economic effects of farm subsidies, financial
inclusion, sustainable development initiatives, the COVID-19 pandemic, and government
policies

CO2: Students will analyze policy responses, economic recovery measures, and the long-term
implications of the pandemic on economic resilience and sustainability.

CO3: Students will learn to effectively utilize various data visualization techniques, including
histograms, bar charts, pie charts etc. to analyzethe data.

CO4: students will be able to design and conduct field studies using questionnaires, interviews,
and focus group discussions to analyze the economic, social, and environmental impacts of eco-
tourism, agricultural practices, banking and financial services, and renewable energy projects.

Syllabus

UG9101-ECO-64P-204: Eco-Practical-IV
Case Study: Farm Subsidies in India, Financial Inclusion and Microfinance, Sustainable
development The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impact of government policies
on farmers.

(20 lecture)

Data Collection: Types of data: Primary vs. Secondary, Data visualization (histograms, bar
charts, pie charts, Line Graph, Scatter Plot etc.)
(20 lecture)
Project Report (Based on fieldwork): Eco-tourism, Agricultural Practices and Productivity,
Banking and Financial Services, Renewable Energy (Use structured questionnaires, semi-
structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observational methods). (20 lecture)