1

An Internship Report

on

Machine Learning using Python

submitted in accordance with the requirement for the award of

degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted by

NAGALLA DIVYA SAISREE

20FE1A05B4

Under the esteemed guidance of

MR. K. VENKATA RATNAM (M. TECH)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

i
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Internship report in Machine Learning using

python is a bonafide record of work carried out by NAGALLA DIVYA
SAISREE (20FE1A05B4) under the guidance and supervision of Mr. K.
VENKATA RATNAM in partial fulfillment of the academic requirement
in Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering of
Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and Science during the
academic year 2022-2023.

MR. K. VENKATA RATNAM Dr. K. VENKATESWARA RAO

Project Guide Head of the Department

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
CERTIFICATION FROM THE INTERN
ORGANIZATION

iii
 STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this internship report is

an authentic record of original work done by me at Sarene Software
Solutions Pvt. Ltd. from 14-03-2022 to 07-05-2022 as part of
undergraduate engineering programme and submitted to the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering of Vignan's Lara Institute of
Technology & Science, Vadlamudi for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology. This work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of
any other diploma/degree.

Place: Vadlamudi N. DIVYA SAISREE

Date: (Regd. No. 20FE1A05B4)

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would
be incomplete without the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it
possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success.

I am grateful to Mr. K. Venkata Ratnam, assistant professor,

Department of Computer Science and Engineering for guiding throughout
this project and for encouraging right from the beginning of the project
till successful completion of the project. Every interaction with him was
an inspiration.

I thank Dr. K. Venkateswara Rao M. tech., Ph. D., Professor & Head, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering for support and Valuable suggestions.

I also express our thanks to Dr. K. PHANEENDRA KUMAR, Principal,

Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology & Science for providing the resources to carry
out the project.

I also express my sincere thanks to our beloved Chairman Dr. LAVU

RATHAIAH for providing support and stimulating the environment for
developing the project.

I also place our floral gratitude to all other teaching and lab technicians for their
constantsupport and advice throughout the project.

v
 Contents
CHAPTER 1: ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 3:INTERNSHIP PART ................................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER 4: WEEKLY REPORTS AND ACTIVITY LOGS ..................................................... 4

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK ................................................................................ 4

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK ........................................................................... 5

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK .............................................................................. 8

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK ......................................................................... 10

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK ............................................................................. 12

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK............................................................................. 14

CHAPTER 5:OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION............................................................................... 16

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 17

STUDENT SELF EVALUATION OF THE SHORT-TERM INTERNSHIP ......................... 18

EVALUATION BY SUPERVISOR OF THE INTERN ORGANIZATION .......................... 19

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT STATEMENT .......................................................................... 20

vi
 CHAPTER 1: ABSTRACT
The internship report shall have only a one-page executive summary. It shall include five or
more Learning Objectives and Outcomes achieved, a brief description of the sectorof business and
intern organization and summary of all the activities done by the internduring the period.

The Internship is based on Machine Learning Technology in which we study about so many
languages and then we chose to learn Machine Learning (with Python) in oursummer
training used because it is easy to manage, and it is object oriented and availabilityof debugging
tools. And then we are start to search the best institute who give us summertraining in Python.
Then we found that Cloud Technology is the best company who dealin the Python. Then we start
our summer training from Sarene. First, we learn how to make basic programs in Python. Then
we start Machine Learning concepts with Python. Machine Learning is a field of Artificial
Intelligence that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to computer
systems to learn from the given dataset, withoutbeing explicitly programmed. After training
we are able to Machine Learning applications in Python.

1
 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION

Serene Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 2020 – Internship program is designed to provide students
engaged in a field experience with an opportunity to share their insights, to explore the links
between students' academic preparation and their field work, and to assist participants in
developing and carrying out their search project which will serve to culminate their internship
experience.

Internships are individualized and tailored to the needs and interests of each student in
the program. As part of the internship experience, students are expected to take an activerole in
finding an appropriate internship for themselves.

Benefitsof Internship:

• An Internship Provides Real Life Experience and Exposure: An internship

enables you to gain first-hand exposure of working in the real world. It also allows
students to harness the skill, knowledge, and theoretical practice they learnt in
university.

• The Opportunity to Learn More about Yourself: The experiences we go

through are what shapes us. Your internship will not only encourage personal
development, but also a greater understanding of self.

• Get Connected and Develop Your Professional Network: Networking is an

exchange of information between people, with the ultimate goal of establishing
acquaintances and relationships to advance your professional career.

2
 CHAPTER 3:INTERNSHIP PART

Machine learning isa method of data analysis that automates analytical model building. It
isa branch of artificial intelligence. Lot of opportunities is out there in fieldof ml and AI in
India. People already using ml in field of image processing, pattern analysis, marketing, data
analysis having pretty good future in India. The Machine Learning workshop provides the
participants technical training on the concepts and Machine Learning algorithms to develop the
code. Participants will also learn to use different Python libraries.

Instruction cum aided with live projects which will allow students to grasp conceptsof the
complete machine learning development life-cycle.

Python a Powerful language and user friendly and its mostly used for most of the
applications like Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Internet of Things, Block Chain.This
session helps the participants to completely work on Python Programming andpython libraries/
packages which are mainly used in the machine learning.

Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically
through experience. It is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms
build a mathematical model based on sample data, known as “training data”, in order to make
predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so.

3
 CHAPTER 4: WEEKLY REPORTS AND ACTIVITY LOGS

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

Day Brief description of the daily Person In-

Learning Outcome
& Charge
Activity
Date Signature

Acquired KnowledgeAbout
Day – 1 Introduction to Python Python

Learned basics on Python

Day - 2 Overview of basic concepts on python

Day – 3 List Comprehension, Slicing,Dictionaries Able to work onconcepts

Tuples and Sets Able to work on

Day – 4 Loops: For, Whileand Functions Coding Programs

Programs for Practice(Practice Session) Able to work on

Day – 5 Coding Programs

Able to know how to deal

Importance of OOPS conceptsAnd with real time problems
Day –6 Introduction on OOPS based on OOPS
Concepts concepts

WEEKLY REPORT
4
WEEK– 1 (From Dt 14-03-2022 to Dt 22-03-2022)
Objective of the Activity Done: Learned about the procedure and steps followed in data science for
Finding the solution to the problems

Detailed Report:

Here in the first week, we gain the knowledge to get knowledge on how to deal with basic python
programming language based on the concepts like List Comprehension, Slicing, Dictionaries
Tuples and Sets
Lists are the simplest containers that are an integral part of the Python language.
Lists need not be homogeneous always which makes it the most powerful tool
in Python. A single list may contain Datatypes like Integers, Strings, as well as
Objects. Lists are mutable, and hence, they can be altered even after their creation.
Loops: In python, a loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly until a
given condition is satisfied. And when the condition becomes false, the line
immediately after the loop in the program is executed.
In Python, a dictionary can be created by placing a sequence of elements within
curly {} braces, separated by ‘comma’. Dictionary holds pairs of values, one being the
Key and the other corresponding pair element being its Key: value. Values in a
dictionary can be of any data type and can be duplicated, whereas keys can’t be
repeated and must be immutable.

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

5
Day & Date
Brief description of theDaily Learning Outcome Person-In Charge
Activity Signature

File Handling: Writing

, Reading and Accessmodes Learned how to deal
Day – 1 of a files File Handling

Day – 2 Inheritance (Types) Learned Inheritance

Polymorphism How to implement

(Function overloading and Function overloadingand
Day – 3 Over ridding) over ridding

An overview on Brief Idea about

Encapsulation and Data Encapsulation and Data
Day – 4 Abstraction Abstraction

Files and Try block,

Exceptions, finally block To know Files and
Day – 5 Exception Handling

Learn about Scikit

Day –6 Modules: Scikit-learn module

WEEKLY REPORT

6
WEEK– 2(From Dt 23-04-2022 to Dt 31-03-2022)
Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

Here in the second week of internship we went on practical session of implementing the concepts
like
File Handling: Writing, Reading and Access modes of a files Inheritance (Types)

Polymorphism: The word polymorphism means having many forms. In

programming, polymorphism means the same function name (but different
signatures) being used for different types. The key difference is the data types and
number of arguments used in function.

(Function overloading and over ridding)

Encapsulation is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the
data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will
be hidden from other classes and can be accessed only through the methods of their
current class.

Abstraction in python is defined as a process of handling complexity by hiding

unnecessary information from the user. This is one of the core concepts of object-
oriented programming (OOP) languages.

What is Exception?

An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program that

disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions. In general, when a Python
script encounters a situation that it cannot cope with, it raises an exception. An
exception is a Python object that represents an error.

Files and Try block, Exceptions, finally block Modules: Scikit-learn

7
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily Learning Outcome
& Charge
activity
Date Signature

Working on Scikit andLearn

Day – 1 Pandas Module about Pandas
module

Working on Pandasand
Learn about Tensor and
Day - 2 Tensor Flow and Matplot Lib Matplot lib module

Introduction on ML based realtime Getting idea about ML

Day – 3 problems– based real time
problems

Day – 4 and UnsupervisedLearning

Supervised Supervised and
Unsupervised
Learning

Day – 5 Reinforcement Learning Reinforcement Learning

Idea about ML withPipelines

Introduction to ML with Pipelines
Day –6 –
– Automatic Workflows Automatic Workflows

8
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK– 3(From Dt 01-04-2022 to Dt 09-04-2022)
Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

Coming to the 3rd week we have learnt about the concepts of some modules like Pandas Module
Tensor Flow and Marplot Lib And some other machine Learningconcepts like
Supervised and Unsupervised LearningReinforcement Learning
Supervised machine learning requires labelled input and output data during the training
phase of the machine learning lifecycle. This training data is often labelled by a data
scientist in the preparation phase, before being used to train and test the model. Once
the model has learned the relationship between the input and output data, it can be used
to classify new and unseen datasets and predict outcomes.

The reason it is called supervised machine learning is because at least part of this
approach requires human oversight. The vast majority of available data is unlabelled,
raw data. Human interaction is generally required to accurately label data ready for
supervised learning. Naturally, this can be a resource intensive process, as large arrays
of accurately labelled training data is needed.

Supervised machine learning is used to classify unseen data into established

categories and forecast trends and future change as a predictive model. A model
developed through supervised machine learning will learn to recognise objects and the
features that classify them. Predictive models are also often trained with supervised
machine learning techniques. By learning patterns between input and output data,
supervised machine learning models can predict outcomes from new and unseen data.
This could be in forecasting changes in house prices or customer purchase trends.
Unsupervised machine learning is the training of models on raw and unlabelled
training data. It is often used to identify patterns and trends in raw datasets, or to cluster
similar data into a specific number of groups. It’s also often an approach used in the
early exploratory phase to better understand the datasets.

Introduction to ML with Pipelines – Automatic Workflows

9
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily Learning Outcome
& Charge
Activity
Date Signature

. Introductions to Improving Brief idea about

Day – 1 Performance of ML Models Improving Performance
of MLModels

Types of Data Analysis: Descriptive

Analyses, Exploratory Data Analysis,
Idea about Types ofData
Day - 2 Predictive Analysis Inferential
Analysis Analysis

Idea about Data

Data Visualization with Matplotlib Visualization with
Day – 3 Working with Pyplot , Lines, Bar, Matplotlib
Pie, Scatter, Histogram, Box, Violin
Plots

Performance Improvements withAlgorithm

Idea about the Tuning
Day – 4 Tuning_1 Algorithm -1

Performance Improvements withAlgorithm

Idea about the Tuning
Day – 5 Tuning_2 Algorithm -2

Brief idea about Linear

Algorithms Introduction: Linear
Day –6 regressions, logisticregressions. regressions, logistic
regressions.

10
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK– 4 (From Dt 11-04-2022 to Dt 20-04-2022)

Detailed Report:

Coming to 4th Week we have enter into the core concepts of machine learningconcepts
like:

• Performance Improvements with AlgorithmTuning_1

• Performance Improvements with Algorithm Tuning_2

• Types of Data Analysis: Descriptive Analyses, Exploratory Data Analysis,
Predictive Analysis Inferential Analysis
Tuning is usually a trial-and-error process by which you change some
hyperparameters (for example, the number of trees in a tree-based algorithm or the
value of alpha in a linear algorithm), run the algorithm on the data again, then compare
its performance on your validation set in order to determine which set of ...

Data Visualization with Matplotlib Working with Pyplot, Lines, Bar, Pie, Scatter,
Histogram, Box, Violin Plots.
The process of finding trends and correlations in our data by representing it pictorially
is called Data Visualization. To perform data visualization in python, we can use
various python data visualization modules such as Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, etc.
Algorithms Introduction: Linear regressions, logistic regressions.

11
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily Learning Outcome
& Charge
Activity
Date Signature

Algorithms Implementation: Able to implement

Linear regressions, logistic Linearregressions,
Day – 1
regressions. logistic regressions

Algorithm Introduction: Decision Brief idea about

Day - 2 tree Decisiontree

Algorithm Implementation: Able to implement the

Day – 3 Decision tree Decision
tree

Able to implement the

Support vector Machine Support vector Machine
Day – 4 introduction and implementation introduction and
implementation

Able to implement
Naive Bayes Introductionand NaiveBayes
Day – 5 Implementation Introduction and
Implementation

KNN Algorithm Introduction Able to implement

Day –6 and Implementation KNN Algorithm
Introduction and
Implementation

12
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK– 5(From Dt 21-04-2022 to Dt 29-04-2022)
Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

In 5th week of internship, we entered to learning some more algorithms:

• Decision tree
• Support vector Machine introduction andimplementation
• KNN Algorithm Introduction and Implementation

A decision tree is a type of supervised machine learning used to categorize or make

predictions based on how a previous set of questions were answered. The model is a
form of supervised learning, meaning that the model is trained and tested on a set of
data that contains the desired categorization.

K-Nearest Neighbors is one of the most basic yet essential classification algorithms
in Machine Learning. It belongs to the supervised learning domain and finds intense
application in pattern recognition, data mining and intrusion detection. The K-Nearest
Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is a simple, easy-to-implement supervised machine
learning algorithm that can be used to solve both classification and regression
problems. The KNN algorithm assumes that similar things exist in close proximity.
In other words, similar things are near to each other. KNN captures the idea of
similarity (sometimes called distance, proximity, or closeness) with some
mathematics we might have learned in our childhood— calculating the distance
between points on a graph. There are other ways of calculating distance, and one way
might be preferable depending on the problem we are solving. However, the straight-
line distance (also called the Euclidean distance) is a popular and familiar choice

13
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily Learning Outcome
& Charge
activity
Date Signature

K-Means Introductionand Able to work on K

Day – 1 Implementation means and related

Able to work on Random

Day - 2 Random Forest Algorithm Forest Algorithm
Introduction and
Introduction and Implementation
Implementation

Able to work on
Dimensionally
Day – 3 Dimensionally Reduction Reduction Algorithm
Algorithm

Gradient boosting algorithm

Day – 4 implementation Able to work on Gradient
boosting algorithm
implementation

Able to work on Ada

Ada Boosting Algorithm Boosting Algorithm
Day – 5 introduction and Implementation introduction and
Implementation

Day –6 Check job status

14
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK– 6 (From Dt 30-04-2022 to Dt 07-05-2022)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

In 6th week of internship, we continued our journey in path of learning some more
algorithms:
• K-Means Introduction and Implementation

• Random Forest Algorithm Introduction

• Implementation of the Dimensionally ReductionAlgorithm

• Implementation of the Gradient boostingalgorithm

• Ada Boosting Algorithm introduction andImplementation

Random forest is a Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm that is used widely in

Classification and Regression problems. It builds decision trees on different samples
and takes their majority vote for classification and average in case of regression.

One of the most important features of the Random Forest Algorithm is that it can
handle the data set containing continuous variables as in the case of regression
and categorical variables as in the case of classification. It performs better results for
classification problems.

Gradient boosting algorithm is one of the most powerful algorithms in the field of
machine learning. As we know, the errors in machine learning algorithms are broadly
classified into two categories i.e., Bias Error and Variance Error. As gradient boosting
is one of the boosting algorithms it is used to minimize bias error of the model.

15
 CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

Once I have a good understanding of how things work, I begin to get more assignments todo on my
own. The projects could range from conducting research to developing data models, or normalizing data to
collaborating with software engineers and product managers.
During this time, it’s important to get comfortable with the flow of working with a team and
contributing on a regular basis. All of the skills I learn in these small projects it helped me in the last month
or so of my internship when I work on my bigger, final project.

16
 REFERENCES

1. Piatetsky, G. Python Leads the 11 Top Data Science, Machine Learning Platforms:
Trends and Analysis 2019. Available online:
https://www.kdnuggets.com/2019/05/poll-top-data-science-machine-learning-
platforms.html (accessed on 1 February 2020).

2. Biham, E.; Seberry, J. PyPy: Another version of Py. eSTREAM, ECRYPT Stream
Cipher Proj. Rep. 2006, 38, 2006.

3. Developers, P. How fast is PyPy? 2020. Available online: https://speed.pypy.org

(accessed on 1 February 2020).

4. Team, G. The State of the Octoverse 2020. Available online:

https://octoverse.github.com (accessed on 25
March 2020).

17
STUDENT SELF EVALUATION OF THE SHORT-TERM INTERNSHIP

Student Name: Registration No:

Term of Internship: From: To:

Date of Evaluation:

Organization Name & Address:

Name & Address of the

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: Letter grade of CGPA calculation to be provided

1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Student

18
EVALUATION BY SUPERVISOR OF THE INTERN ORGANIZATION

Student Name: Registration No:

Term of Internship: From: To:

Date of Evaluation:

Organization Name & Address:

Name & Address of the

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:
Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the student’s
self- evaluation

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Supervisor

19
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT STATEMENT

Name Of the student:

Programme of Study:
Year of Study:
Group:
Register No/HT:
Name of the College:
University:

S.No. Evaluation criteria Maximum Marks

Marks Awarded
1. Activity Log 25
2. Internship Evaluation 50
3. Oral Presentation 25

4. Grand Total 100

Date: Signature of the Faculty Guide

Certified by

Date: Signature of the Head of the Department/Principal Seal

20