Scribd
Upload
26 views45 pages

Cl-12 S1 Probability

A Level Statistics 1 Probability Notes

Uploaded by

chowdhurysadman3405
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
26 views45 pages

Cl-12 S1 Probability

A Level Statistics 1 Probability Notes

Uploaded by

chowdhurysadman3405
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 45
4 cl-12/5; Scanned with CamScanner ® “Frosasicity :~ ® Frotavility fs Ire chance of happening. T+ cas Primarily usect to Solve Problems of gambling. Now it has wide-spread. use ip business, science and indushi es. IF an event, ‘E’can happen ‘m’ Bays ovb of Sr equally possible ways len ine probability sr chanea. OF E” happening ,denoted by P(E) & defined by: P(ED = Number of favourable outtiomes a - total number of equally possible oukomes ¢ Example? ~ Suppose a fair die is rolled ,what & the probability that a sqoare. number will turn nhs. e- ie SQ Wp.on \he_ fop. face: Equally. possible outcomes =1,8,3,4,5,6 Favourable ooteames=1,4 is ler, “E” be the went which Inafcabes square _hwmber.,. eee UR (E)— _fovourable outtomes =e Be = 24 00) eee aeu ones Scanned with CamScanner Y fy Properkes oF Probabilitgi~ . 70) If ‘E’ {5 an event,which & impossible, then PLED=0 i IFa ball i$ dropped then what fs the. probabiltty that it witt go to spacez So's” Let ‘E’ be thé event. +. PCED =O i @ If E's 0 sure event ,then P(E=I Gt If 0 ball f$ aropped, What 18 IKE probability that it will Come 4o earth? 2 Sol" Let ‘E’ be ine owent- L s PCE) =I ef ELE, on eveneisahen. 0s pee) ® 'E fs an event, then, MN } Where P(E") is Ie probability that event SE’ cloes j Nok happen ancl 2 PCEI=1, he, P(E) +P(E)+-...+ P(E) | : - } ®Some terms and definitions yelated to Probability: ° Sample § £2* The sample Space, denoted by ‘S'reters . tothe set of ai possible ovtcomes of an experiment. —Jt 6 Similar to oniversal_ set. —— &Bi2sppase 0. faty die {§ rolled -Then tne posstbie pain Oubwmes ave 18,3,4,5 andé: aw! *. The sample space, S= {1,2,3,4,5,65 Sot L bolas” 082. O Cth & tossed, Ihén The_Pessible ovtcmes f fp - — are head (4) and til (D “Sample space;s= 9H .+ Scanned with CamScanner ( * Event: An event; denoted by EY i _any..ubser of the Sample space- - 129; Suppose a fair. die sles and we. are. ve only . interested Abovt. Ihe. ovtcomes ahich are. prime. numbers - Then, Iz “event. will be the set of all the prime numbers. between 1 and 6- : 1 E=$93,53 ® Examplei If a die fs rolled, what % the probability that GQ prime number wili tum upon Yhe._ top faced Sol” gv Here, $= 31,2,3,4,5,64 en E = 18,3, 53 pe) = — : me Sare zl: 2 ee ihe sample Space anc the events: fan? >be tyepretenlad oa ®y the Venn diagram 28 betoeo + $ Scanned with CamScanner Wy. MORES E g-— = a 7 | @) Addition law of 4 Cb) Multiplication fas af Probability \_ Probabitiiy Ceitheye ores} 3 Coothess sande.) ()Motwalty ercclusive every (4) Tdependent events. Ci) Mutually net exclusive ovenig C11) Dependent enerrte () Addition Las Of Probabitity?~ __() Motwaity exctugive events: lf 4we events A and B Ove muivally " Motet— Two mutvally events do net have an ovttomes ih common, since they Sanne} occur together: Figure. below shows thé Venn diagram of two mutually exclusive events: Scanned with CamScanner | NBxampery — Suppose, o. fal die. %s relled , find thé probability tha = aaa A Square number or o prime number willbe —lwrned on lhe. to . Scares aan: he Let _va define tne. events. A = square. .Qumbers. : B= prime numbers a 2 Ae 41,43 fee Baa See ey Besar 22384 S65 jour _ We can fepresent the above events. and. sample space by the Venn diagram aa heen. beloo: a! | : e(AuB) = P(A) + P(E). —§®) _ n® Scanned with CamScanner _Ond B ate not _mutvally exclusive, IKen Iie_ probability _ that_etther_ event Aor event B occurs i given by ~—--|P(AvB)= PCA) + (8) - PCANB) | e Notes Tee. Two motvally __ not exclusive events must have some _ovktomes fin. common: The Venn diagram for. tse muivall Yor exclusive events fs shown belo? . —— | | (7S) Mutually not- ecclu sive events! If two events A as: a Ko ANBED . Example: a = = ee A fair die 1s rolled: let “A” denotes \né event, “A prime number appears on Ihe. top’ and “B’ denotes \nz event, “An even number appears on Ihe top: Are everrts A and mutvally ereclusives If‘ not or yes, onat ts PU4uB) 3 Sol oy Scanned with CamScanner Nha events A ond 8 dre not. morvally exclustve- The Venn diagram for A, Band’. f& shown below! 5 PAUB)= PCA)EPCB)- CAND = DCAD, ni __ nang) iS 1OS © a o o (B) Moviplication Law of Probability :~ __ @ Independent wents! If two events A and & 01 Independent: -then lhe probability ‘that event — . Acand & beth will occur, critten as P(A and B) = __[P@ne)= ta) xP) | Two events are said + be Sndependent ahen Iie ~~ Sceyyance ot one of them has no bearing or = the on Ind occurance or happening of the Scanned with CamScanner Example: ~ A Suppose. a bag. contains 5 blue balls and 3 yellow balls. A. boll drawn at random. from Ine baq- The colovr {s noted andthe balt_% replaced.a second ball. & Inen Aran Find Ihe probability that: _G) both balls are blue » = Gi) (he. first_batt.4 yeliow and the cecond pal) & blue, ~Git)_balls are of different colours, Gv)_bola are -of Ine Same: colovr, () one ball ts blue and Ine otner ball % yellooo- e Solutims~ let us define Ine events, B= first ba & blue Bo- Second ball % bluc = ° Se Y= first ball i yellows Jy} Yg> Second. ball &. yelloer Bag @ PCat both balls are burec) = 2 (8,082) : =P(6)a PB). Seay: az - 35 ee wee Note =~ Ells ait | _ Ae tne first ball & veplacea before amusing thé Second | _ bali event By & ‘Independent of event B)- Similarly, AM othey ewnd. events are independent.of She “First. Scanned with CamScanner 9 Pltnat to EbaL is seta 3 i S ball i bu =P-(Y, 0B.) 6 ka Pee = PCY) xP(R) bee ee : an 3. ee tes Senin es v 2 a : Ss : Is ea este ~ 64 { | Salen eats ; a Pinas balls are of ctitecent csloors) a = POY,B)) or °(8,0¥Q) _ =e { i ae + P(8 \NY_) | Wy PGhat ‘balls are of Ih’ Same Eee) Ds (1,02) 6 PCB,AB2) Be act PCa Dx PO) - “al : Scanned with CamScanner Ue GP Crhat one bal & buue Gnd another ball & yellows) =P. 182) oF PCB,n¥9) ¢ = PCy,082) + P(8,0¥2) 2 PC) % PCB) 4 FBI PCY.) pees S Se. wee fe u is, IS eat &a 5:30 64 is 32 A G)) Dependent’ eventst a : lf two events A ana B ave dopendent “probabil ity of happening S@tond event depends on \né probability of happening the | first event), neh the probability that event A And ewent & that bon occur, @ritten as P(Aand or PANE) 8 given vy: [Beara toe egal here, P(B/A) or P(A) are called conditional Rrobabilities,i-e, probability of hoppeniing A. or Vice -verse.- Similarly, we can arite: | PCAN) = PCB) x PCA/s) |4~ | ¢ Tn general, PYa)#RCe/A) Suppose a bog contains 5 blue bails and 3 yelloeo ~ Balls. A_bali & drawn at random from Iki bog s\né_tolo . & noted ana:the bol ® Tot my) replaced, 2, S@wond bal: Scanned with CamScanner _ both bol drain are blue, : GD the first boll fs blue and the Second bah fS yellow, Git) one ball is blue Gnd one ball 1S Yeliso, { | Cw). balls. AO same colour , Vv (v) balls ave.of. different colours: Solvtionsy Let os define \Vie events, Y, = first. ba fs_yeltord Yar Second ball is yellors AG ~ fist bo RB buLe S20), Bar Second ball & blue a7 “the first ball & not replaced before - drasing the second ball. -there fore Jr, events. Yg or Bg is dependent on Ihe events Y, or 8)- Q ? nak both balls Araian ouk are blue) =?(8,08,) | =P(8,) ¥P(8z/e,> Gy Phat first boll tS blue ana setond. ball & i gli) > (8, NY2) ; Be, xP Cr2/B oe Sl Scanned with CamScanner ary PUhat one bail 1S blue and the other js. yellow) =P(B,id yg) or PLy,0 8) J = P(B) x P.(%/8,5 + PCr) x PCBo/y,) 5x34 3% ees 2 Gy) Phat balls are of same colovr) =P(B,A85)_or PCY, N%2) = P(B,) x ?(Bq/6,) + PON) PO%2/y,) 3 2 QD PGthar pais are of different colovrs) : s = PCB,AY2) or PCY. Bo) a PCB.) eo aptO) + PCS ECE IY t ‘i bs,3, 2 ao SOE LS, = eee eS be ee eee Scanned with CamScanner | — EV Tree_ Diagram j*A tree datagram can be drawn Problems +14 Bd Th tree ea aS bd. solve : some. Probability Taunt the form of branching tee: “iagram ,ovtcomes are written at the end ~©F the branches And Ine probabiltifes by thé side. of _the branches: » Example:’~ Gag % contain 10 balls of Which 2 are red anc 4 re olue- Bag *B’ contains 10 balls of which 4 ave red and 6 are blu: A ball is drasn ak Tandom _ from each bag Find Ine probability thar: Ci) both are red e Gi) one“ fed and one fs blue: - (Fone ball & drawn at_random from bag ‘A’ and Placed at bag “B’,dhat i Ihe probabiltty that ine tall drawn from bag ‘Bis rea} oS \ Scanned with CamScanner W Alombined probability!—, 4 -o PCR, AR2) = PCR) xP (Ra) = To * fo = 25 2 PCR AB2) = xe Fey as ww “. P(B,AR,) =15* Te =Z5 2 PG,8,) = EB From Ihe. tree diagram. 2)_P Ghat both balls are. red) % “ = P(%OR,) : 28S as, : G2 P Ghak.one is red. ana one fs blue) : =P(2,AB2) or P(BNR»2> | / -B Bog at Required | . Combined probaly +P(R,ARa) = 14° > By, 5 7a 4 1 29 PCB, OR2) “70 8 ! = Ae Ry 4 6S -PUhat 2°4 ball drain & ram 14 Aas be > Noy ot i easel mS Scanned with CamScanner 1 1 1 ' ! 1 | eh Possib Tit y Diagram I~ * Possibiltty diasram. Involves Ihe representation Sop: Oultomes by points on grid. by cells 8N.G. ene Jobe. ° [Ext] A ved Se anda blue Ale are. esas at the Some time: Show all \We pee outcomes - Find. Ine. probability that : . G) Ihe total. score is en Gi) Ine total score fs to: Gi A 3 appears on Ine Yea die and a F arpens on the blue die. Gy) (hi total’ score ts a prime number. CO Sooth \ve scores jare sore Cid Ine difference in score 1S z Grid, \ne Aifference _ fn score is Wi) the ged did Atora i: jae tents Seletimi: sno. Of blue; die bl] me ‘acon . Alp "a4 fo-ou ¢ <— Scanned with CamScanner n, Nines ——E PGthat We total scove.te OF BG » is iD P har ihe. thal sepre 1S 28 : = we, : ui eUthat. a® ae on We. red die and § onthe. a _ de di) * 36 a Gy awl... Bi 2:PUhat “ne. tora) core Ba we oo prime number) = 36 7 1a, a6 Z a2 fordl> IS op, PCthat both lhe scores are same) - eee : a a ~ 86 ele ee = 22 GN, PGnat tne aRiferente Pamrerrel =e 8, =e 1 P Crna \nd differen & sore 5) = ae ig, athe than wii) eae the pas wee) =) fe peiase At! Scanned with CamScanner [E27 An onetasea spinner -%s. fn Ihe shape o a Tegular octagon. The triangplor parts ene Fee I 5: 47753243; -9 545.43 : @ Tne Sfinner t& spun_once - Find ike Probability _ : Thot Ine score obtained @s \ess than -3. Co) The spinnie i Spun twice: find Ine probability that fe SUIYL. Of Ine two nombers obtained tS +10. ©) The sinner % spun twice: Write docon all he Possible pairs of numbers that add up te give -a- G The spinner & spun 5 Himes: Find Ihe Probability that the .5 numbers dda up to give +10 - Scanned with CamScanner Solutions” 4 / =14 i~12| 0 |=10 | -4 | =e paola [os lat lof Oo | Tio [0 |-lo| 2 ‘0 16 |-4| gfe L | =4 |-14| -a =a | (12a bof e | 61-4, 8 6! @ PChat \We Score obtained on saying once { -3) 3S &, () PUhat Ine score obtained on spinning tite & +10) ee oD @ _1** Sein a Sin : -7 +S 5 +3 +3 -S 3 8) 5. ea Scanned with CamScanner Peering igh: ee Ry ee After two seins , total. score = odd + odd ie z = even a Atter three spins, total senre= even +odd a “ =0dd After fooy Spins, total stare= odd toda z < = ven After five Spins, total score = wen + odd = Oda. “410 fs an even number stheretore there %_ No chan. Of getting +10 after 5 spins. + P Ghat total Score 3S +(Oafter five Spins) Cay A * Jota] 0 of favourable eubeames 6, Tata) ros eyually poss’ ble oufermy : ‘ = IXIA TKY —_— Ae a P(Hhat He maken $ passes thaveg tp re se ) re Scanned with CamScanner » Probability Related To Rovla :~ Ex-I\(q) The diagram shoas |né position of four towns A,B,C.and D oh a map: There are. 3 roads between A and B.S wads between Aand ©, 2 foods between B49nd D,and 4 roads between Cand D. Wiite down Ike numberof. different. rootes from Ato D passing through B-\t a motorist chooses at Tandom a _voute from A to D- find “the probability Yak TE passes through B- GDA bag Contam x Yed-balls 8 D ana y blue balls. \F a ball is taken a+ random from tne bog the Probebility that Tr is ved is 3. 3 Write down an equation Connecting % and y- \p there Wad. been 5 A Se Cc More red balls ip the bag, lhe probability would have been g- Find x andy. Solution 3G yi (a) - \ Routes A D 19) SEE : HYo ae: 4a 4 “= 2X2 Yo - No- of rovtes = 3x2 =§ XY — 2a — Scanned with CamScanner B Londitiona) Probabitily ¢~ sz Fal Consider a School having too Atudin}y fy 1h Aiath form af which §0 Atudiny stuck matkemahes, a9 Atudent ata dole, and 3 Atudy both pubjeets DhCH i ghelli” TnI Venn cli gyam ap beled: | uM |) Juppose we wink tate te Aral form Common Year lWtina one back and plekd a Ptudent at vamdom, hal jy the prob abil | thal ARih Atadend teddies yrattet matty, 0 : And fH) = a = =) ) Su ppoat row That in Mud guing tytonl he Ainth farm Common room and Aclechs 9 Aludent at Yandom fram the aup a 110, wi wind inte thy biolagy clase and axlechd a ptudent ab vandon from ta AG Adudeny binlogy eld . whet 1) tH prebapity Wl Wy ftutent Uso Atudies mattemah ts. Sn thy Candle the veyutred probabrli 4 dented te Scanned with CamScanner SSS by te Bye), p(H/B)., and if wd af ” glun thal the Atudent Atwdie blology , Dhak ig The probeedt- that fey find Pay. » Thy ig called tondthone} prababs Itt, ty « Tn thy Cost, PCW "/4) a | N fi Fe) P(H/e) a 7) i (ton res) Pll ce! Scanned with CamScanner sa A tree diagram of the information in the question gives: ae yay OM assitesticess (a) The probability that the patient does,n | Bie pos Beate ee P(C'NS) = 0.99 x 0.05 Ne AD E S215 : t gives a positive test result sic) P(S) = P(CAS) + P(C'NS) yy oo Scanned with CamScanner * Solution: ~~ There are 16 sample points in the Possibility space S, as shown in the diagram, so n(S) = 16. Let A be the event ‘at least one die lands on a 3’ and let B be the event ‘the score is even’, Second die B has been marked 4. First die The sample space A is ((1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 8), (8, 1), (8, 2), (3, 4)), 80 nA) =7 and Pea) = 20 — Sample space 2 is (A, 1),4, 8), 2, 2),(2, 4), (3, 1), (8, 3), (4, 2), (4, 4)), bs nB)_ pg Now n(B)= 8 and PR) = 7-8 ‘There are 3 sample points which are in both A’and B, so RANB)_ 3 An) a (a) P(score is even|at least one die lands on a 3) = PBA) =P@nA) P(A) ahs TAG 3 =49 ‘Therefore the probability that the score is eve given that at least one die lands on a 3, is oO penne aetna NOTE: this result could have been obtained directly from the +f diagram. The Possibility space has been reduced to the 7 sample Points in A. For 3 of these the event B occurs, so P(B| A) = 3, () Pat least one die lands on a 3| score is even) = PAB), Using P(A|B)P(B) = P(B| A) P(A) POALB)¥ = (8) () s POA|B) = 3. Therefore the probability that at least one die lands on a3, given that the score is.even, is 9. 0 3 Sa EEE * NOTH: the possibility space has been reduced to the 8 sample Points in B. For three of these the event A occurs, so P(A|B) = i - Scanned with CamScanner BI Alge brare Daa iatie of Ln depindenf nd Mutually excludive geno prs wy Endependend Event) 3 ~ © IF roll two fair dice, « yellow one and « red one, the possible: | Me could be represented by crosses in the following diagrim:. inside the loop = represents the allow die shows a six, and the st of erosss inside WR ee “gn fy, ult "he , PCR) =z and Mi Scanned with CamScanner SE ET (ii) Hudual) taclugn Events fre 4 Now let £ be the event that the number showing on the yellow die and the number showing on the red die are equal. This is indicated in the diagram below by © Let S represent the event that the sum of the number showing on the yellow die and the number showing on the red die is.7. This is indicated by @? below. Yellow dic *© From the diagram it is clear that: PCE) = {and P(S) =~ but PENS)=0 i Z since if the numbers on the dice are equal then their sum can never wl be 7. So E and S are mutually exclusive events because they cannot iy both happen together. ‘i ole eae . hen $~ = If 4 and B are mutually exclusive events Th £7) PAN B)=0. gn === siguaiays adie . Notice that £ and $are not independent P(ENS). sie els Scanned with CamScanner © Let G represent the event “the student has a graphies calculator”, 4H represent the event “the student has « computer at home” and D represent the event “the student drives to college each day”, The information in the question ean be represented in a Venn s fol diagram, (a) The probability that the student either drives or. has a graphics calculator is P(GU D), ~ Notice that Gand D sire mutually exclusive events so PGND) = 0. : P(GUD) = P(G) + P(D) =é+h =B (b) From the diagram: a P(G.OH) = 4,P(G) = §= | and PU) = kts Since P(G)xP(H) = P(G0 H), the events Gand H are independent. son B Sek Ldentidtes and See shading ke () n(Avs) = ny 4 (8B) —nans) Ui) n(avsvey = “CA) 4-(B) +n(e) ~m (a08) —h(8N¢) — n (Anc)-4>b0e0") (tii) De Morgan's Law: @) A’us! = Cans)” (6) Alng7 (Ave)~ ‘ Scanned with CamScanner For the following diagrams shade the region that represents the set indicated below the respective diagram. (i (id (iv) ‘ A Ang! 5 7 Cc ay = Anens! Anpac Scanned with CamScanner 4 ' 4 (I) For the following diagrams shade the region that represents the set indicated below the respective diagram. A 8 A B Cc c ANB’ UC AU(BUCY A B (CD) i 6, 7 An (Bucy An Bue’ (ji) Write down the set notations below the respective diagram for the shaded region - in each of the following figures. By) Cc A B Cc Scanned with CamScanner © Futter dyaup hg tra + FAC[-A bag contains 7 red and 3 blue beads. Three beads are selected at random from the bag without replacement. The possible guisomes to the experiment ean be illestited. with tee diagram st bead, ‘nd bend Peal ” To calculate the probability that two red beads and o: are selected, we simply consider the three cases marked* RiR:Bs— R\BsRy BRR with corresponding probabilities Bxsxd bxaxd wxdxd Now you should notice that the probabilities for each of these three ‘cases are the same and so the answer to the question: “What is the probability that there are 2 red beads and 1 blue bead? is: Sxhxfx} =H or 0.525 Now a quicker way of arriving at this result is to reason as follows. We require two reds and a blue, ie. RRB. The probability of selecting them in that order, i.e.RyRyBs i8 10X$%3 but there are other possible orders too, and we need to find how | many possible arrangements there are of two reds and one blue, In this case it is fairly simple. Think of how many positions the B can take and the three arrangements can be seen: ae RRBs x RiBaRy hime BRR ‘We have seen from the tree diagram that the probabilities for each | of these eases are the same so the required probability is Ale 3 3x px$xt MLS, 1 ale — i tit Sy = Vi Ve sy Hs Scanned with CamScanner a ‘two blue can be found as follows. Firstly, find the probability of Then PCR, RpByBy) = Xd XGXd ‘Then we ase to calculate the numberof arrangsinents of two RS and ino Bs Pe tec hed 3 ~ nORS anak + . RoBR BRRB ute | prtbas) Ih Keep first fed then swap Bs and Rs ; ie Siteca pation = PR Re 2B) Pos Sainepettin oro febandine Uackadnbntour ggg al are sleted it -prbbrye &x§xixi=q or 03 q 6x%x Examplo— 9) }~ = sy ‘A bag contains 6 blue balls, § green balls and 4 red balls. Three are 10 ‘selected at random without replacement. Find the probability that Caprio are aL IGS, (b) two are blue and one is green, (©) there is one of each colour. Gol" 7 (a) The required sequence is BBB and there is only one ==" | arrangement with probability fete aa (b) Consider selection in the order BBG: PB BG) =e =H But there are three arrangements of two Bs and one G: BBG, |. BGB and GBB. “So the probability is 3 x go= (c) Consider selection in the order BGR. P(B\G2Rs) = x x * Bul there are six arrangements of one B, one G and one R (BGR, BRG, GBR, GRB, RBG and RGB; two cases with cach feuter firs). ‘So the probubility is 6 x gh = fhe + AL. Helhad 3 @) Repaired probabyli'ty = ees ee ci g nd probabstihy ; ak = P (8B, G5) x SE () fuysired p whats fst ay ca a = PCB, 48a) x 3 = 1H, Rg XO! " Relay 1m “14 a SG au/y) Scanned with CamScanner FAS! In my pocket T have §HFB¥£1 coins, wo}S0p coins and four 10p AFH coins. I randomly select 3 coins to give my daughter her pocket money. Find the probability that the value of the coins is: (@) £2.50 (b) £1.60 (©) 30p a Solio £2.50 must be made up of three coins, two one pound coins and = one SOp coin. The number of arrangements is therefore 3! 2 and the probability is given by P(E1) x P(EIIEL is already drawn) x P(SOp|two £1 already drawn) x no, of arrangements * (b) £1.60 must come from £1, SOp and 10p: probability =3 x 3x $x 313 3 Notice that the 3! could be written as —77, where the 1's occur T because there is simply one coin of each value. (© 30p comes from 10p, 10p and 10p. probability =$x2x}x1=4 1 Notice thatthe 1 could be writen as 3 since all three coins have the same value. : o Exch te 0) "A bag contains 6 red, 5 green and 9 yellow beads. Five beads are ——— selected from the bag without replacement, Find the probability that they are: j all yellow (8) 3 red and 2 green (© i red and 4 yellow F dl (only three beads are selected : {d) find the probability of selecting one of each colour. (H) Repeat question (|) but this time selecting the beads. with ; “replacement. F 5 Tala) alg S20 af 4 QB, Fay bance aye) all ellod) = (a5) *7q.* 197 7% U6 the @ ‘i * orgy Scanned with CamScanner O) p(thek anand 26 Be PUNal yy BB) x FL * ¥ ebSeb ah aes SL dog PIE 18 sing) | ¥ e ap? t Hap mond WY) oe = PER, AY We fe” m § Ss ae ro lS’ Scanned with CamScanner (4) le = wey fe te EX an att niyment fs man ine al are oe le ae Unemployed | Employed Mae] 206 412 Female | 358 205 mis ea is chosen at random. Let Mf be the event that he person is male and et be K the person is employed. @ Find Pan), a ol Justify your answer) 8 i) Find P(A and E Git) Are M and £ independent ev Gv) Given that the pers (i) pti) < ates AO6 THI + BOS 4958 a bly a mL Ae he 1 bi bs Aye! 1 wana wh SH ais (i) f( rine) = di), plored. Ed i probe hae pein ere 2) = Scanned with CamScanner ra | ible Melhked ts Melhed in” rene) oF /e “eee ) = lé’) oa sgl = Taser B81 2 ost) . fx-be A bunch of 30 keys are either gold,or silver inicolour (but not (Bae e both). There are 10 mortice lock keys and 20 yale lock Keys!) Of these 5 yale lock and 2 mortice Jock keys are gold'inac 1 colar bey sted at rindony at yon, ud 48 oe Fain pty ht ty Wes lock. ott |_| [Borrow this bunch of keys 10 6p : Tock! | “Fe 2 © What is the probably tha the ote Rey et | ae Stl Key a ee ~ bd Keys, 5 ‘ a =) = pets We Yaly Lock % 5 > (ao J} (ij Tats! ear i FE > oe es (it) ol Scanned with CamScanner PU a ae iF SMe ASR 0 " P(R/s) = PCRos) , / aya PCRs’) — oh O05 = PRO nye e(kal) zs PROS) = 9.90 4— iti « Eak : eS fa on. Scanned with CamScanner © EX Byer in year 11 ofa certain school $5% of the pupils are boys. or === he boy AM stay on ino tess form ba ony 75% the girls do, “ (a) Find the probability that a rardamly: cls pail year 11 is a girl who stays on into the sixth formes 1) 2) (b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen year I!) pupil will nt stay on into the sixth form. (6) Find the probability that a randomly selected sixth form! ‘pupil is a gir. nt , fophnr a »s or - 1G - Gialg Nal) wl- Siotth fom |) ni Pees tia) (a Oy re) a + p(s Jy) rOD4) 08 7) Aux 9 062 ALD Ree ELAS tae \ ie et oe pleases 1 = 0.3395 Scanned with CamScanner D Exe9 The carburettor for a particular motor car i manufactured at ==" one of three fuctories X,Y, Z and then delivered to the main assembly line. Factory X supplics 45% of the total number of, carburetors to the line, factory ¥ 30% and factory Z 25%. OF the carburettors manufactured at factory X, 2%, are faulty and the corresponding percentages for factories Y and Z are 4% and 3% respectively, aniyt Let X, ¥ and Z represent the events that a carburettor chosen at random from the assembly line was manufactured at factory X, ¥ or Z respectively and let F denote the event, that, this carburettor is faulty. (a) Express im words the meaning of YF" and of YUZ. (b) Calculate PAA A), POY A) and PZA). r (c) Sketch @ Venn diagram to illustrate the events X, ¥, Z and F: Include in your diagram, the probabilities uy corresponding to the different regions within the diagram. (c) Find the probability that a carburettor, selected at random from the main aussembly line, is faulty, eno o hor) mann ac fulid by pyar Oe y DLI ate nat lly. i Yur wean) tabuaetory mantif eter Desi by rattles dao hr, decry ty hy ty BE NN nag andl PGlepar Oy éiaptey = 04, POE 098 me Be has OE PC A/2) Scanned with CamScanner HR, PCE) goa , Scanned with CamScanner Tt + EX-I 2A boy always cither walks to school or goes by bus. IF one FF day he goes to school by bus, then the probability that he | noes by bus the next dy i, Ione day he walks t0 school, then the probability that he ges by bus the nest day ij 69) Given that he walks to school on a purticulue Tuesday. _ draw a tre di diagram and hence find the probabil he will sina gurus a ea ‘eho ot bth Tues nd eo probability oe ee ‘may assume that the ees will not be absent from school: LIM a Tua a ey G Ost\9 4 on Wednesday or Thursday of at week) = IED. ee ne Ya? Buy wis) "td D a) i Scanned with CamScanner 2 EXChX Inatetevision quiz show Peter answers questions one after another, stopping as soon as a question is answered wrongly. ; ‘+ The probability that Peter gives the correct answer himself to any question is 0.7, * The probability that Peter gives a wrong answer himself to any question is 0. * The probability that Peter decides (0 ask for help for any question is 0.2. On the first occasion that Peter decides to ask for help he asks the audience, T at the audignee gives the correct answer to any question is 0.95. This information is shown in the tree .. The probability that diagram below. Peter answers correctly é oy 0.1 peter answers wrongly 0.95, Audience answers conectly o> s Peter asks for help | | 0.03" Audience answers wrongly. (© Show thatthe probability that the fist question is answered correctly is 0.89. m+ ‘On the second occasion that Peter decides to ask for help he phones a fiend. The probability that his 5 fiend gives the corect answer to any question i 0.65, (i) Find the probability that the first two questions are both answered correctly, | (iid Given that the frst two questions were both answered comectly, find the probability that Peter asked the audience. = GB) TET oiige =o oe t) (Het 1 dug te ie ee pds Scanned with CamScanner 7 Hat Au dime/ erncs) 9fe08) 0. 9605 — OPROF ee a pve] eS 0.3FA(94) Windows N Front aegioiieo (69 Windows finda A small aeroplane has 14 seats for passengers. The seats are arranged in 4 rows of 3 seats and.a back oi Fow of 2 seats (sce diagram), 12 passengers board the aeroplane, t ( How many possible seating arrangements ar thee forthe 12 passengers? Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. eI) ; ‘These 12 passengers consist of 2 married couples (Mrand Mrs Lin and Mrand Mrs Brown), 5 students ‘and 3 business people. G The business people sit im the front row. The 5 students each st ata window seat. Mr and Mrs ‘Lin sit in the same ow on the same side ofthe aisle. Mr and Mrs Brown sit in another sow a ‘the same side of the aisle. How many possible scating arrangements are there? ay (Hy 16 instead the 12 passengers are seated randonly, fd the probability that Mis Lin sits directly behind a student and Mes Brown sits in the front row. vag Bey a) La CS pace = UGA ’ UT Ty FUNKE Fig / ~ Scanned with CamScanner Si Worried couples, (on be arreagecl = 2p x 21 x2 = J, | = )7488 fa Pqvnangeneny = 3) x5) x 2px aye! = JF 82, (ii) « hs frtOh Can A} = yn, cdaeyf Ay. Lin ten At = 2+4 439 = pees o Studant4 an dif infront of Abin yn 5 wey, and remaining people can be arterged yy py ey Atk Hethod + 2 he viguind arrrerytuced Alb tied Reuied pababilt I wn AS = Ij kay sk lly mg teed wad ; Ip VIOXER find yeypuved prabasihit = — - as = Bey v= 0.0687, © Exe IY gpa ammiat Front ‘The diagram shows the seating plan for passengers in a minibus, which has 17 seats arranged in 4 rows, ‘The back row has 5 seats and the other 3 rows have 2 seats on each side. 11 passengers get on the ‘minibus, © How many possible seating arrangements are there for the 11 passengers? el ) How many possible seating arrangements are there if 5 particular people sit in the back row? G1 OF the 11 passengers, 5 are unmarried and the other 6 consist of 3 married couples. (GD Ta how many ways can 5 of the L1 passengers on the bus be chosen if there must be 2 married couples and 1 other person, who may or may not be marticd? BI Sil he V) Reyat rd) avreagensudy < Noy, ) ii) - J bv SUT ONZ, ti) + Regs i ae, = 498336007 Scanned with CamScanner tl rd choiee Ahad oe Oy Fs ae = (Xx ¢ Bf Os TK 08) vel nll iv Four families go to a theme park together. Mr and Mrs Lin take their 2 children. Mr Connor takes “his 2 children, Mr and Mrs Ahmed take their 3 children, Mrs Burton takes her son. The 14 people _ © all have to go through a turnstile one at time to enter the theme park. ~ @) In how many different orders can the 14 people go through the turnstile if each family stays together? (Gi) In how many different orders can the 8 children and 6 adults go through the turnstile if no two adults go consecutively? BI BE) Gree inside ine heme Prk, the children go on the roller-coaster, Each roller-coaster car holds 3 People. (iii) In how many different ways can the 8 children be divided into two groups of 3 and one group of ‘on the roller-coaster? GB) Scanned with CamScanner

You might also like