BASICS OF COMPUTER

User
 SUBJECTS COVERED

Data entry operations (336) Data entry operations (229)

Data entry operations (632) Basic Computing (608)

Computer Hardware Assembly and Maint. -Theory (663)

Computer Application in Office (631)

Basics of Computer
System
 WHAT IS Computer is a device that transforms data
A COMPUTER? into meaningful information.

High speed, accuracy,

diligence, versatility and
storage.
 WHAT IS Computer is a device that transforms data
A COMPUTER? into meaningful information.

Accept data.

Store data.

Process data as desired.

Retrieve the stored data.

Print the result in desired format

COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Block diagram of Computer

Organisation.
COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Input: this is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system.

Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, processing and storage is performed
under the supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'.
Memory Unit: Computer is used to store data and instructions.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The major operations performed by the ALU are addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison.
Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information.
PERIPHERAL DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES An input device allows data such as text, images, video or
sound to be entered into a computer system.
Keyboard

keyboard has 104 keys

Mouse

"Point and Click" actions

 Light pen

An input device that utilizes

a light-sensitive detector to
select objects on a display
screen.
 Optical Scanner

These devices are used

for automatic data
collection.
 Microphone

Microphone is an input
device, which takes voice
as input.

Desktop Microphone
Hand held Microphone
 Track Ball

Trackball, a pointing
device, is a mouse lying
on its back.
OUTPUT DEVICES Output devices return processed data that is
information, back to the user.

Monitor (Visual Display Unit)

Printers
Plotter
Speakers
 Monitor
Flat panel monitor.

800 x 600 pixels.

Resolutions of 1024 x 768
pixels
1280 x 1024 pixels.

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)

 Printer Laser Printer

A laser printer produces high quality print that one normally finds in publishing.

Print up to 200 pages Monochrome

per minute.

Up to 100 pages per

minute in colour.
 Printer Ink-Jet Printerr

An ink-jet printer creates an image directly on paper by spraying ink through as

many as 64 tiny nozzles.
Dot matrix and
laser printer.

More expensive
 Printer Dot Matrix Printer

The dot matrix printer was very popular at one point of time. It is a very versatile
and inexpensive output device.

Characters per second

(CPS)
 Printer Line Printer

A line printer is generally used with large computer systems to produce text based
data processing reports.

Characters per second

(CPS)

Line printers are high-speed

printers with speeds ranging
anywhere from 100 to about
3800 lines per minute.
 Plotter

Plotters are designed to produce large drawings or images, such as construction

plans for buildings or blueprints for mechanical objects.

Plotters

Flat Bed Drum

Plotters of small size to be These plotters are of big size

kept on table with restriction using rolls of paper of
of paper size. unlimited length.
Plotter

Flat Bed
Drum
 Speaker Which allow you to listen to voice like music, and conversation
with people.

Output Device
Alexa

Alexa is a voice-controlled virtual

assistant. She can play audio, control
your smart home.
Questions Based on
Concepts
SOFTWARE Task!
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what to do.
How to do and
when to do.
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Particular sequence
Sets of instructions are
called Programs.
SOFTWARE A set of programs that makes the hardware.

Tasks in particular order

Software Software can be
classified

Classification of Software.
Types of Memory

Primary memory (RAM and ROM)

Secondary memory (Hard Drive, CD, etc).

Types of Memory

Primary memory (RAM and ROM)

Hard Drive
Secondary memory (Hard Drive, CD, etc).
External.

Pen drive
RAM

Hard Disk

ROM
Types of Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM)

It is also called read-write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.
The programs and data that the CPU requires during the execution of a program are stored in this memory.
It is a volatile memory as the data is lost when the power is turned off.
Types of Memory

Primary memory (RAM and ROM)

 System Software

Switch on the computer.

Stored in ROM
This set of programs can be called
system software.

Ready for you to work on it

 System Software

System softwares are sets of programs, responsible for running the computer, controlling various
operations of computer systems and management of computer resources.

Operating System (OS) system software that provides an interface for a user to communicate
with the computer.

Some popular Operating systems are UNIX,

Windows and Linux.
System Software
System Software

Utilities These are programs that bridge the gap between the functionality of an OS and the
needs of users.

Compress (zip)/uncompress (unzip) files

software, anti virus software, split and
join files software, etc.
Application Software

Generalized packages
It is a group of programs that provide general purpose tools to solve specific problems.

Customized Packages
For Example: Student information details, Payroll packages, inventory control etc.
High-level computer language.
Application Software

Generalized packages
Computer languages

Languages are a means of communication.

like English, Hindi

Computer languages Syntax

Computer languages
Low Level Language low level means closeness to the way in which
machine understand.

Machine Language
This is the language (in the form of 0’s and 1’s, called binary numbers) understood directly
by the computer.

Assembly Language
This is the language where the machine codes comprising of 0’s and 1’s are substituted by
symbolic codes (called mnemonics).

Programming structure
Computer languages
High Level Language
High-level languages are programming languages that are designed to allow humans to
write computer programs and interact with a computer system.

BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

COBOL (Common Business Oriented language)

FORTRAN (Formula Translation)

High Level Language

Computer languages
High Level Language
High-level languages are programming languages that are designed to allow humans to
write computer programs and interact with a computer system.

Compiler The software (set of programs) that reads a program written in high level language and translates it
into an equivalent program in machine language is called as Compiler.

Source program Object program

The program written by the programmer The program generated by the compiler
in high level language is called source after translation is called as object
program. program.
Assembly Language
Computer languages
High Level Language
High-level languages are programming languages that are designed to allow humans to
write computer programs and interact with a computer system.

Compiler The software (set of programs) that reads a program written in high level language and translates it
into an equivalent program in machine language is called as Compiler.

Assembler The software (set of programs) that reads a program written in assembly language and translates it
into an equivalent program in machine language is called as Assembler.
Questions Based on
Concepts
Review