GS Notes (5 Oct 2024) 20241005102455

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GS CLASS
04.10.2024
 Status of Livestock Sector in India
 India has world's largest population of livestock.

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 India is largest producer of buffalo meat and 2nd largest producer of goat meat.
 Significance of Livestock Sector in India

 Contribution to GDP: Contribution to total Livestock GVA (at constant prices) was 30.19% of Agricultural and Allied
Sector GVA and 5.73% of Total GVA in 2021-22.
 Employment Generation: Livestock rearing is a major source of livelihood for over 70% of rural households in
India, with a significant proportion being small and marginal farmers and landless laborers.
 Interlinkages with Agri-activities: Livestock sector is crucial for production of organic inputs like manure and
agricultural waste is used as fodder for animals.
 Food and Nutritional Security: Livestock products such as milk, meat, and eggs are rich in essential nutrients, playing
a crucial role in combating malnutrition, especially among children and women.
 India is ranked 1st in milk production contributing 23% of global milk production.
 Issues faced by livestock sector in India:
 Health and Veterinary Issues:

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 High economic losses due to animal diseases: E.g., Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, Foot and Mouth Disease,
Brucellosis, etc.
 Also, zoonotic diseases can be transmitted between animals and humans, as evidenced by recent
outbreaks like COVID-19, Ebola, and avian influenza
 Inadequate infrastructure and human resources: India has less than 60 recognized veterinary colleges in
India, which are inadequate to turn out the required number of vets.
 Rise of Anti-Microbial Resistance: India ranks 4th in antibiotics use in animals, wherein poultry sector is the
largest reservoir of antibiotics.
 Egg and Meat Production:

 India ranks 3rd in egg production and 8th in meat production globally.
GRAIN ATM
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 WFP and Government of Odisha Jointly launched 24/7 'Grain ATM'
 in Bhubaneswar.
. India's first 24/7 grain ATM,' called 'Annapurti,' will be set up across Odisha to
provide food grains to beneficiaries with 24/7 access under the
National Food Security Act (NFSA)..• NFSA entitles up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of
the
 urban population to receive subsidized food grains.
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 About Annapurti



• It is a Made-in-India product (designed and developed by WFP
India)
• It dispenses the type and quantity of the selected grain
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 (wheat, rice or millet) to each beneficiary, after biometric
 authentication.
 • It can provide universal access to food grains and reduce the
 waiting time by 70%.
 • It is energy efficient and can be connected to solar panels for
 automatic refilling.
 • At the 2022 WFP Innovation Awards, it was recognized as one
 of the WFP’s top 5 innovative solutions for disrupting hunger
Lithium reserves
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 LITHIUM RESERVES IN INDIA
 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research has established 1,600 tonnes of Lithium resources in
Mandya district.
 • Lithium reserve discovery will lead to Reduced Import Dependence (Currently India majorly
 depends on China and Hong Kong)
 Self-sufficiency in energy storage needs & Green transition, Industrial development E.g. Vehicle and automobile
 industry development
 About Lithium (white gold)
 • Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali toxic metal and has the lowest density of all metals.
 • It has been identified as critical and strategic minerals under Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation)
(Amendment) Act 2023.
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 Applications of Lithium
 • Batteries: Rechargeable Li-Ion batteries for mobile phones, EVs etc. and non-rechargeable
batteries for heart pacemakers, clocks etc.
 Alloys: Alloyed with aluminum and magnesium to improve strength and reduce weight e.g.
armor plating, aircraft, bicycle frames, and high-speed trains etc.
 Industrial Use: Used in air conditioning, industrial drying systems and glass ceramics.
 Steps Taken
 • KABIL explores strategic minerals in overseas territories.

 • Australia India Critical Minerals Investment Partnership
 • Geological Survey of India (GSI) is exploring Lithium reserves in India.
 • Ministry of Mines joined Mineral Security Partnership (MSP) led by USA
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 INDIA’S FIRST REUSABLE HYBRID ROCKET NAMED RHUMI -1 LAUNCHED
 RHUMI-1, developed by Tamil Nadu-based startup Space Zone India in

collaboration with Martin Group, was launched from Thiruvidandhai in Chennai.
 • It was launched using mobile launcher and carried 3 Cube Satellites and 50
PICO Satellites, which will collect data on global warming and climate change.
 Cube satellites are a class of nanosatellites, weighing between 1-10 kg.
 Pico satellites are small satellites that typically weigh between 0.1 and 1 kg.
EXERCISES IN NEWS
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 Udara Shakti: It is a joint air exercise of India and Malaysia.
 'Parvat Prahaar': Army is carrying out 'Parvat Prahaar' exercise in Ladakh, focusing on high-
altitude warfare and operations.
 It involves various military units and equipment to maintain readiness near the India-China border.
 Mitra Shakti: It is an annual military exercise between India and Sri Lanka.
 Mitra Shakti” aims to improve the operational proficiency of both armies by facilitating the
exchange of skills, experiences, and best practices.
 • Khaan Quest: Indian army will participate in the 21st edition of the Multinational military exercise,
which will be conducted at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
 • Maritime Partnership: Recently Indian Naval Ship Tabar participated in maritime Partnership
Exercise (MPX) between India and Russia.
 CLIMATE FINANCE ACTION FUND (CFAF)
 Azerbaijan launches Climate Finance Action Fund in Package of Initiatives for UN Climate Change
Conference COP29.
 About CFAF
 Headquarter: Baku, Azerbaijan. APS
 Fund will support climate projects in developing countries, meeting next generation of Nationally
Determined Contributions (NDCs) to keep 1.5 Degree C within reach, and addressing the
consequences of natural disasters.
 CFAF will be capitalised with contributions from fossil fuel producing countries and companies
across oil, gas and coal.
 CFAF will become operational at the conclusion of the initial fundraising round ($1 billion), and
when 10 contributing countries will commit as shareholders.
RAMSAR SITES
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 Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change announced that on the eve of World
Wetlands Day, 2024, India has increased its tally of Ramsar sites to 85 from the existing 80 by
designating five more wetlands as Ramsar sites.
 Three of these sites, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary and Magadi Kere
Conservation Reserve are located in Karnataka whereas two, Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary and Longwood
Shola Reserve Forest are in Tamilnadu.
 Tamil Nadu continues to have the maximum number of Ramsar Sites (16 sites) followed by Uttar
Pradesh (10 sites).
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RA MSAR SI TES I N IN DIA & IN DIA N WETLAN DS
What are Ramsar Sites? Any wetland site which has been listed under
the Ramsar Convention that aims to conserve it
and promote sustainable use of its natural
resources is called a Ramsar Site.
What is the Ramsar Convention? Ramsar Convention is known as the Convention

of Wetlands. It was established in 1971
by UNESCO and came into force in 1975.
Is India a part of the Ramsar Convention? Yes, India is a party to the Ramsar Convention.
India signed under it on 1st February 1982.
How many Ramsar Sites are in India? There are 85 Ramsar Sites in India [Latest]
Which is the largest Ramsar Site in India? Sundarbans is the largest Ramsar Site in India
Which is the first Ramsar Site in India? Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National
Park (Rajasthan) were recognized as the first
Ramsar Sites of India
Which Indian state has the most number of Tamil Nadu has the most number of Ramsar
Ramsar Sites? Sites in India. It has 18 Indian Wetlands.
Which is the smallest wetland in India? Renuka Wetland (Area – 20 ha) in Himachal
Pradesh is the smallest wetland of India.
 World Wetlands Day 2024: Origin, Objectives, and Significance
 Origin of the World Wetlands Day: UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 75/317 on
August 30, 2021 to officially declare February 2nd as World Wetlands Day.
 Objective: World Wetlands Day is celebrated to raise global awareness about the vital role of
wetlands for people and the planet.
 Theme: ‘Wetlands and Human Wellbeing’.
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 ASIAN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTRE (ADPC)
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 India has taken over the Chair of ADPC from People Republic of China for the year 2024-25.
 About ADPC
 • Autonomous International Organization for cooperation in and implementation of disaster

risk reduction and building climate resilience in Asia and the Pacific region.
 • India and eight neighbouring countries are the founding members of ADPC.
 • It was established in 1986 as a regional disaster preparedness center (DMC) in Bangkok,
Thailand.
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 India has world's largest population of livestock.

 Significance of Livestock Sector in India

 Health and Veterinary Issues:

 Egg and Meat Production:

 • KABIL explores strategic minerals in overseas territories.

 RHUMI-1, developed by Tamil Nadu-based startup Space Zone India in

What is the Ramsar Convention? Ramsar Convention is known as the Convention

 • Autonomous International Organization for cooperation in and implementation of disaster

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