RIZAL: MIDTERM REVIEWER (March 21, 2024 (Thursday) (2:40-4:10 pm)

CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
Josephine Bracken. Jose Rizal's common law wife
RA 1425 - law mandates the teaching of the life, works and writings of Rizal in all schools in the Philippines.
Claro m recto - He is the author of Rizal Bill.
he main proponent of the Rizal Bill who was dubbed as a communist and anti-Catholic OFFICE OF THE VICE
PREMDENT FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
Presidential Memorandum Order 247 This memorandum order directs the secretary of education,
culture and sports (DECS) and the chairman of Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to fully implement
the Rizal law.
National Historical Commission. government institution provided the Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) of the Rizal law.
May 12, 1936 - with unanimous approval of amendments and specified that college or university students.
June 12, 1956 The date when Rizal bill was signed into law.
Rizal Bill The bill involves the mandating educational institutions educational institutions in the country
to offer a course on the hero's life, works and writings especially the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
The following are the reasons why Catholics oppose the passage of the Rizal Bill EXCEPT It was
unpatriotic
first-ever monument built in the country to honor Jose Rizal in Daet camarines norte
PEOPLE THAT INVOLVED TO PASSING OF THE BILL
Leon Ma. Guerrero. In his book, he called Rizal as the First Filipino as he was the first to reawaken the
Filipinos about their past and their identity as a nation.
Jose Ma. Basa According to NHI Board, without him - there would be no Andres Bonifacio because he was
the one who inspired Bonifacio into action and lead the Katipunan.
Jesus Paredes. He was a radio commentator who stated that the novels of Rizal contained objectionable
material and the Catholics have the right not to read them.
Rufino Santos The archbishop of Manila who came out with a pastoral letter warning about the
disaffection of the youth on the church if the Rizal Bill was approved.
He said that Rizal's novel painted a false picture of the country's condition during the 19th century.
Fr. Horacio de la Costa He is the lone voice within the Catholic Church that supported Rizal Bill.

The threat of the Catholic Church if the Rizal Bill will be enacted and passed into law that they will Close
down all the Catholic schools (opposition from the Catholic Church take a stand against the passage of
Rizal bill Because the bill encouraged the teaching of another religion)

Doctrina Christiana first book published by the Dominicans in the Philippines which contains catechisms
written in Tagalog, Spanish, and Chinese and printed in baybayin or the native script
Philippine Revolution of 1896 The Philippine history signified the birth of Filipino nationalism
Epiphany. This is a profound change in a person's perception of the world, his surroundings, and society
which is caused by internal processes, contemplation, and self-analysis.

Seeks to accomplish the following objectives:

 • To rededicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our
heroes lived and died
• To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character
• To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal's life works, and writings.
EXCEPT (To install Jose Rizal as the official national hero through an act of congress)

Patriotic goals set by the then Board on National Education:

• To recognize the relevance of Rizal's ideals, thoughts, teachings, and life values to present
conditions in the community
• To apply Rizal's ideas in the solution of day-to-day situations and problems in contemporary
life,
• To develop an understanding and appreciation of the qualities, behavior and character of Rizal,
and
• To foster the development of moral character, personal discipline, citizen- ship and vocational
efficiency among the Filipino youth.

Act No. 345 - The Philippine Commission enacted this act which set aside December 30 of each year as
Rizal Day, and made it one of the ten (10) official holidays in the Philippines.

The monument bore the word "A Jose Rizal (To Jose Rizal), as well as the wonde "Noli Me Tangere and
"El filibusterismo" the titles of this two important novels Morga" which refers to the book "Sucesos en
las ialas Filipinas annotated by Risale te veren Spanish misinterpretations in the book written by Antonio
Morge the 17th century.

Fisher (1962) even called Rizal the Pioneer Exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia.

Major Periods in the Life of Rizal:

Fast Period (1861-1872)
This was the period when the young Rizal learned how to read, write and listened stories that triggered
imaginative and critical thinking on his part.
Second Period (1872-1882)
This was the first turning point in the life of Rizal. He was then 11 years and was enrolled at Ateneo
Municipal. His mother wanted him to stop after finishing his studies at the Ateneo.
It was the period when Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora were unjustly executed by the Spanish
government.
Third Period (1882-1892)
The year 1882 was the major turning point in the life of Rizal. It was at this time that Rizal decided to leave
the Philippines to continue his studies in medicine. Went to Europe
Fourth Period (1892-1896)
The year 1892 can be considered the last turning post in the life of our national here, before his martyrdom
as December 30, 1996, Rizal was called in Dapitan.

Growth and Development of Nationalism

Nationalism - sense of loyalty or psychological attachment members of a nation share, based on a
common language, history, culture, and desire for independence.
Patriotism It is a devotion to one's country that channels as love for a nation, with more emphasis on
values and beliefs.
Liberalism. worldwide view founded in ideas of freedom and equality
Critical Thinking. discerning, evaluative and analytical thinking.
American Revolution 1776 - gave birth to the United States of America.
French Revolution 1789 - Its ideology is liberty, fraternity, and equality
The Industrial and Commercial Revolution
Two related revolutions happened in the late 19th:
Commercial revelation - was caused by the immense potential profits that could be earned by countries
in Europe through commerce.
Industrial revolution - It is the transformation of manufacturing brought about by the invention and use
machines.
Laissez faire - This refers to the government's non-interference in the conduct of trade and business

Carlist Wars - struggle for the throne followed between the forces loyal to Ferdinand's daughter Isabella
and his brother Charles (Carlos).

Suez Canal - It brought Europe closer to the Philippines.

Ilustrados - They are known to be the "enlightened ones"
Galleon trade The ship trade going back and forth between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico and
vice versa.
The Galleon Trade served as the central income- generating business for the Spanish colonists in
the Philippines.
Mercantilism - economic doctrine that is based on the idea that a country's wealth and power can be
measured in terms of its stock of gold and silver.
Encomienda System The qualified system of land during Spanish period which grant estates of land in
favor of loyal subjects of the King.

Governor-General Carlos Ma. Dela Torre was essential in the dawn of national consciousness of the locals
in the 18th century.

The Philippines During Rizal's Time

By the 19th century, there was a great disparity between the majority natives who remained poor and
the minority who consisted of peninsular Spaniards, Philippine-born Spaniards and mestizos who
comprised the rich in the islands.
Filibusferos - or enemies of the government.
Erches - or heretics who are considered enemies of the Catholic Church.
Indios - They were the brown-skinned natives who composed the majority of the people.
Judicial power of the government was vested on the Audiencia Real, the Supreme Court during those
times and the lower courts (De Leon, 2000).

The Rizal course helps in forming the students view about history likewise the manner on how
they perceive the present and therefore influences the kind of solutions they would provide in persisting
social issues. This statement explains that... The subject helps in understanding better the Filipino
identity
Jose Rizal's ideals, principles in life, philosophical ideas, conviction and thoughts including his
aspirations are a good influence to anyone. This statement signifies that... The study of Rizal can serve as
a worthwhile model and inspiration to every Filipino
In deciding what to believe, say and do, Rizal also proved that he is a reflective thinker and
reasonable one who never succumb to irrational whims and baseless opinions of others. The study of
Rizal helps in honing the logical and critical thinking skills of leaners
The Rizal course discusses some facets of history when it comes to the attainment of freedom and
political independence from foreign power and how the Filipinos back then devoted their loyalty to their
country. This statement simply means that. The subject teaches the concept of nationalism and
patriotism
What we can read and learn in Rizal course about past events, behaviors, and old habits of our
own people as a nation are all significant clues and determinants in our present condition. This statement
tells us about the subject being a helpful learning discipline to understand better ourselves as Filipinos
Rizal wrote about his younger days in his memoirs titled "Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila"
while he was a student at UST. To serve as a record of the past
Rizal and his contemporaries wrote a lot of essays and writings asking for reforms from the
Spanish government in the Philippines. What purpose to inspire
Rizal can serve as a worthwhile model and inspiration to every Filipino.
The Rizal law aims to gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study if Rizal's life, works
and writings.
Rizal and his contemporaries do in order to jolt people from their intellectual slumber and move
them towards a patriotic life to Made available their writings containing allusions derived from the
condition of colonial society
Marcelo H. Del Pilar described the Spanish government using the word Frailocracy, what does it
mean The rule and immense influence of the religious orders in the Philippines
The reformists like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jeana to name few
envisioned assimilation of the Philippines into Spain as one of its provinces with the end view of also
acquiring equal and basic rights given to the Spaniard for the Indios

Despite knowing the fatal consequence of his actions and aspirations for reforms in the society
during his time, Jose Rizal persisted and continued his peaceful fight against the colonizer. Filipino
characteristic did Jose Rizal showcase in the aforesaid situation. Being idealistic
As a young Filipino citizen, what can you contribute in preserving the freedom and dignity of the
country that our heroes fought for? Be critical in choosing the rightful leaders that will lead the nation
toward progress
What would likely hamper the growth of nationalism in our country The passiveness of people to
take part in building and strengthening the nation
Rizal with his inspiring statements found on various writings were meant to evoke nationalism
among the native Filipinos.
EDSA Revolution that happened in the Philippines on 1986 which resulted to displacement of
dictator in the country is a good example of how Filipino people demonstrated their unification through
common goals and aspirations.
 As a revolutionist, Rizal depicted the wholesale oppression of the Indios in his writings and was
meant to create a cathartic change among the readers.
Rizal himself agreed that with the unjust deaths of the three priests namely Gomez, Zamora, and
Burgos, nationalism would not have been awakened among the Filipinos.
In patriotism, the person no longer just manifest his love or attachment to his nation but is willing
to actively fight and struggle for its interests.
Nationalism involves the desire to attain freedom and political independence, especially pecially
by a country under foreign and political independence while patriotism denotes proud devotion and
loyalty to one's nation.
Ideally, the Bourbon reform policies were advantageous to the Philippines which was under Spain
from 1565 to 1898.
FALSE. A common experience which resulted to the creation of bond within people is
inconsequential in building up nationalism.
FALSE Jose Rizal died as a martyr and first to be honored with presidential decree by Andres
Bonifacio that the day of his death and same as those who died during the Philippine Revolution, should
be commemorated as a day of mourning.
FALSE People who believed in Rizal having supernatural qualities are called Rizalialists.

Rizal and his first Formal School

• Jose Rizal left the Calamba household when he was 9 years old.
• He was sent to Biñan, Laguna to study in the village school of Maestro Justiniano Cruz.
• Both Rizal and Justiniano Cruz had mutual dislike for each other.
• Justiniano Cruz disliked Rizal because of his frail and sickly appearance and his poor Latin, the medium
of instruction in the village school.
• Rizal did not like Justiniano Cruz because of him being a “racist” and employs corporal punishment in
his instructions.
Rizal in Ateneo
• Ateneo Years (1872-1877)
• June 16, 1872 was the time when Jose Rizal enrolled in Ateneo Municipal
• Ateneo then was a colegio, at that time was considered as high school level, unlike UST which was a
facultad or college level.
• Ateneo was previously called as Escuela Pia or Charity School of Manila and was founded in 1817.
• It was placed under the supervision of the Jesuits.
• Rizal was initially denied enrollment by Fr. Magin Fernando because:
• He was late for enrolment
• He appeared frail and sickly

It was Manuel Xeres Burgos who intervened thus Rizal was accepted in Ateneo.
He was a sobresaliente student in his entire stay in Ateneo Municipal.
However, there were another 9 out of the 11 students who also garnered the same recognition.

Rizal’s time in UST

• The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines.
• Founded in April 28, 1611 by Archbishop Miguel de Benavides.
• Jose Rizal enrolled in UST due to the prodding of his father Don Francisco.
• Doña Teodora did not approve of this since she believes Pepe may suffer the same fate of the
Gomburza.
• Jose Rizal initially enrolled in the course Philosophy and Letters.
• Rizal decided to enroll the course Philosophy and letters due to the following reasons:
• He had yet to speak to Fr. Ramon Pablo, the Rector of Ateneo.
• He was not sure what course to take.
• Don Francisco wanted Pepe to enroll the course as it was the same course as his.
• Pepe received “Sobresaliente” ratings in all his subjects.

Rizal in Europe
• Rizal’s Secret Departure
• Rizal left Calamba on May 01, 1882, an 10 hour journey via a carromata.
• May 03, 1882, Rizal was scheduled to depart from Manila (Zulueta (2004).
• He boarded a the steamer, Salvadora, bound for Singapore.
• To complete his education however he has a secret mission which is to observe

• June 11-12 1882 from Nepal to Marseille

• From Marsailles, Rizal took a train for Barcelona. He reached the city, his entry point to Spain on June
15, 1882. He reached Barcelona, on June 16, 1882.
• Rizal’s observation:
o Prevalence of freedom and liberalism
o Good qualities of the citizens
• El amor patio was published (August 20, 1882)
• Essay the love of country

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

• Continue his doctorate in medicine but not granted his diploma due to financial (age of 24 finish it)
• Rizal joins the masonry
• Living in Madrid exposed Rizal to liberal ideas, stressing the value of individual freedom of action on
matters of religion and expression.
• Consuelo fell in love with Rizal, but she was engage
• Luna and Felix won an award and Rizal was there as a friend and supporter
• Rizal completed one half of his novel, Noli Me Tangere.
Paris
• Dr. louis de wecker Rizal was an assistant
• Before leaving in Paris, Rizal had completed one fourth of his first novel, the Noli Me Tangere.

Germany
• Dr. Otto Becker Rizal was an assistant
• Blumintritt as his friend who is a write about Filipinas

Leipzig
• Learned German and translated a lot of poem and stories

Berlin
• Assistant to Dr. Schwinger
• Dr. Maximo viola lend Rizal 300 pesos to published noli