A

Micro Project Report

On

“Suggest the remedial measures for the control of pollution

local water source by conduct relevant studies and tests.”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

the Diploma in

Civil Engineering

Prescribed by

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,

Mumbai 2024-2025

Submitted by

NAME OF TEAM MEMBER ENROLLMENT NO

DHONGE SAMEER PRASHANT 23310990159

Under the Guidance of

PROF. J.M SHEIKH

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR
225004 (M.S.)
[2024-2025]
 SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR (M.S.)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEEING

2024-2025

CERTIFICATE
This is to certified that this complete project report of entitled “Suggest the
remedial measures for the control of pollution of local water source by
conduct relevant studies and tests” Submitted by the following students
of Fourth semester of “SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR, (M.S.)
in the partial fulfillment for requirement of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING from Maharashtra State Board Of Technical Education,
Mumbai, (M.S.). This is the record of their own project work carried out by them
under my guidance and supervision for the academic session 2024-2025.

Submitted by

NAME OF TEAM MEMBER ENROLLMENT NO

DHONGE SAMEER PRASHANT 23310990159

PROF. J.M SHEIKH PROF. VISHAKHA P. SARNE

Micro Project Guide Head of Department
Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering
Department
Shri Sai Polytechnic, chandrapur (M.S.) Shri Sai Polytechnic, chandrapur (M.S.)
 CONTENT
Sr.No. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

PART-1
1 AIM

2 COURSE OUTCOMES

3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

4 ACTION PLAN

5 RESOURCES REQUIRED

PART-2
1 RATIONALE

2 AIM

3 COURSE OUTCOMES

4 LITRRATURE REVIEW

5 ACTUAL METHODOLOGY
FOLLOWED
6 ACTUAL RESOUECES USED

7 OUTPUT OF MICROPROJECT
 PART - A
“Suggest the remedial measures for the control of pollution
of local water source by conduct relevant studies and tests.”
1.0 AIM
Control of Pollution of local Water Sources by Conducting Relevant Studies and
Tests
2.0 COURSE OUTCOMES
To address water pollution challenges using scientific, regulatory, and community-
based approaches.
3.0 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
• To discuss the topic of the project among the members.
• To take guideline from subject teacher about the project.
• To prepare proposal of project.
• To collect required resources.
• To prepare report.
• To submit report of the project.

4.0 ACTION PLAN:

Name of the
Sr. Planed start Planed finish
Details of activity responsible team
No. date date member
Discuss about the topic of
1. Everyone
the project
Collecting information
2. about project Everyone

Editing information about

3. Everyone
project
Submission of micro
4. Everyone
project

5.0 RESOURCES REQUIRED

Sr.No. Name of Material Specifications Quantity
Theory of structures -
1. Book 1
Ramanrutham, S.
2. Internet NPTEL 1

4
 PART – B

1.0 RATIONALE:
Civil engineering structures are mainly made-up of column , beam and slabs and
these structures are subjected to axial as well as eccentric loading along with different
end conditions. The content on calculation of shear forces, bending moment, bending
stresses slope and deflections which are developed in various types of beams will be
useful in design of these members.

2.0 AIM
Control of Pollution of local Water Sources by Conducting Relevant Studies and
Tests.

3.0 COURSE OUTCOMES

To address water pollution challenges using scientific, regulatory, and community-based
approaches.

4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Provide a foundation for understanding the scope of water pollution control and the
importance of conducting studies and tests to safeguard local water sources.
5.0 ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED
• We discuss on the topic.
• We took guidance form subject teacher about the project.
• We have prepared proposal of project.
• We collected required resources related to project.
• We had prepared a report.
• Finally, we summated report of the project.

6.0 ACTUAL RESOUECES USED

Sr.
Name of Material Specifications Quantity
No.
Theory of structures -
1. Book 1
Ramanrutham, S.
2. Internet NPTEL 1

6
 Introduction:
Water pollution is a critical environmental issue that poses significant risks to public
health, ecosystems, and local economies. As communities grow, industrial activities
and agricultural practices can introduce various contaminants into local water sources.
Identifying the sources and types of pollution is crucial for developing effective
remedial measures. This document outlines key strategies for mitigating water
pollution, emphasizing the importance of conducting relevant studies and tests to
inform and guide these actions.

Remedial Measures for Water Pollution Control:

Water pollution, to a larger extent, can be controlled by a variety of methods. Rather
than releasing sewage waste into water bodies, it is better to treat them before
discharge. Practising this can reduce the initial toxicity and the remaining substances
can be degraded and rendered harmless by the water body itself. If the secondary
treatment of water has been carried out, then this can be reused in sanitary systems and
agricultural fields.
A very special plant, the Water Hyacinth can absorb dissolved toxic chemicals such as
cadmium and other such elements. Establishing these in regions prone to such kinds of
pollutants will reduce the adverse effects to a large extent.
Some chemical methods that help in the control of water pollution are precipitation, the
ion exchange process, reverse osmosis and coagulation. As an individual, reusing,
reducing, and recycling wherever possible will advance a long way in overcoming the
effects of water pollution.

Conduct Comprehensive Water Quality Testing

 Regularly assess water quality to identify contaminants such as heavy metals,
pesticides, nitrates, and pathogens.
 Utilize advanced testing methods, including biological assessments, to monitor
the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Implement Pollution Source Identification Studies
 Conduct studies to trace the sources of pollution, including industrial discharges,
agricultural runoff, and wastewater.
 Use geographic information systems (GIS) to map pollution hotspots.
Establish Riparian Buffers
 Restore and maintain vegetated areas along water bodies to filter pollutants from
runoff and enhance biodiversity.
 Encourage community participation in planting native vegetation.
Promote Sustainable Agricultural Practices
 Advocate for the use of organic farming techniques, integrated pest management
(IPM), and reduced chemical inputs to minimize runoff.
 Implement soil conservation practices to reduce erosion and nutrient leaching.

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 Enhance Wastewater Management
 Upgrade existing wastewater treatment facilities to improve their capacity and
effectiveness.
 Explore the adoption of decentralized treatment systems for rural areas to manage
wastewater locally.
Regulate Industrial Discharges
 Enforce stricter regulations on industrial wastewater discharges to ensure
compliance with environmental standards.
 Promote the adoption of cleaner production technologies in local industries.
Raise Public Awareness and Engagement
 Conduct community outreach programs to educate residents about the impacts of
pollution and the importance of protecting water sources.
 Involve local stakeholders in monitoring efforts and decision-making processes.
Implement Policy and Legislation
 Advocate for policies that support water conservation, pollution prevention, and
sustainable land use.
 Collaborate with local governments to strengthen regulatory frameworks.
Conduct Regular Environmental Audits
 Implement periodic audits of local industries, agricultural practices, and municipal
activities to assess their impact on water quality.
 Use audit findings to inform policy adjustments and remedial actions.
Encourage Research and Innovation
 Support research initiatives focused on developing new technologies for water
purification and pollution detection.
 Foster partnerships with universities and research institutions for data collection and
analysis.

8
Relevant studies of local water sources :

Water Quality Monitoring is the sampling, testing, and analysis of water, its conditions,
and its constituents. But did you know that water quality monitoring is happening right in
your own community, most likely without you even knowing? In fact, according to the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), water quality monitoring is the
primary method of identifying and detecting water pollution concerns and problems in our
waterways across the country. Water quality monitoring is an important part of the water
resources discipline of civil engineering and water quality standards play an important role
in civil engineering projects. Furthermore, water quality monitoring improves
communities' understanding of water quality conditions, potential problems, and
influences and guides regulatory programs.

There are 2 types of water quality monitoring strategies: fixed, and probabilistic.
In a fixed strategy, water quality monitoring stations are set up at specific sites within an
area and samples and data are collected at a specific frequency – perhaps weekly, monthly,
or even daily. In a probabilistic setup, water quality monitoring sites are selected through a
probabilistic model which takes into account conditions and previous water quality results
to choose points across a geographic area from which to sample current water quality
conditions. Like any scientific process, there are pros and cons to both setups. Common
applications for a fixed system include utility providers looking to monitor drinking water
quality at various points in their distribution system, effluent points near sewage treatment
plants, or effluent discharge points from construction sites, or water quality
characterization over a period of time on environmentally contaminated sites or sites
undergoing remediation. Probabilistic monitoring systems may be used by environmental
agencies looking to assess water quality over an entire watershed and comparing data with
previous results.

The specific parameters tested in water quality monitoring will depend on the purpose and
goals of the water quality monitoring operations. However, water quality monitoring will
consist of 2 categories of tests: field parameters and lab tests. Water quality monitoring
scientists will arrive at the specific sample site using GIS coordinates with sampling
containers and advanced sensing equipment. Sensing will be conducted first to not
introduce any cross-contamination from equipment or disturb natural conditions. The
scientist will measure and record the field parameters, including pH, temperature, salinity,
conductivity, and Dissolved Oxygen Content of the water at this location. Believe it or
not, a lot of important information regarding the health of the water can already be
determined from these parameters. Dissolved Oxygen is an important parameter in
determining the water’s ability to support aquatic life and productivity, temperature and
salinity can be used to help determine any point source pollution that may be occurring,
and pH can also be used to aid in identifying point source pollution and is also important
in determining if water is safe for human consumption.

9
 Hydrological Studies :
 Objective: Assess the water cycle, including precipitation, runoff, and groundwater
recharge.
 Methods: Use hydrological models and watershed analysis to understand flow
patterns and water availability.
Water Quality Assessment :
 Objective: Evaluate the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the water
source.
 Methods: Regular sampling and analysis of key parameters like pH, turbidity,
dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) :
 Objective: Analyze the potential environmental effects of proposed civil
engineering projects on local water sources.
 Methods: Conduct baseline studies on water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and
potential pollutant sources.
Flood Risk Assessment :
 Objective: Determine the risk of flooding and its impact on local water bodies and
surrounding infrastructure.
 Methods: Flood modeling and mapping, incorporating historical data and climate
projections.
Groundwater Studies :
 Objective: Assess the quality and quantity of groundwater resources.
 Methods: Monitor groundwater levels, conduct aquifer tests, and analyze samples
for contaminants.

10
Relevant Tests of Local Water Sources :

Do you know that the water which we use for different purposes be it domestic,
agriculture, business or the glass of water that you might be sipping while going through
these lines could be of inappropriate quality?

According to the World Bank Report of 2019, the deteriorating quality of water
worldwide is slashing the economic potential of heavily polluted areas. It also warns the
invisible crisis of water quality is threatening human and environmental wellbeing.

Albert Szent Gyorgyi a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in
Physiology or Medicine has said, “Water is life’s matrix, mother and medium. There is no
life without water”. Water is crucial for all the activities. However, it is a matter of
concern that the quality of water is deteriorating due to a plethora of factors.

Water quality is not entirely dependent on human activities, other simmering factors like
weather and meteorology floods due to climate change can increase the water pollution as
the pollution from farms, residential lawns, overfilled sewage systems, trash, animal
waste, nitrogen phosphorous mixes in water ways which increases the risk of
contamination and higher cost of water treatment. There is a notion that water quality is
getting severely affected by climate change.

Water is the most important necessity for the survival of all living beings whether humans,
animals or plants, all of them need water. Water is the second most important element
after air for survival. According to the data released by surveys only 3% of the water on
earth is fit for consumption.

Water is getting affected in a big way due to the pollutants/contaminants released by the
industries and through households with large amounts of heavy metal and dangerous
bacteria released everyday into water resources like rivers. Agricultural activities also
contribute to the water contamination as chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides enter
into ground water through leaching. The industrial units release large amounts of gasses
and heavy elements such as sodium bicarbonate, iron, zinc, carbon dioxide, sulfate,
chloride, fluoride could prove to be fatal for human health.

The consumption of contaminated water is extremely dangerous and can lead to serious
illness. The water should be tested and purified before any sort of consumption whether it
is for drinking, cooking or while being used as an additive in food products. Water can
also cause allergy which is scientifically known as ‘aquagenic urticaria’ or ‘water
urticaria’. A large number of diseases nowadays are waterborne.

11
 Physical Tests
 Turbidity: Measures water clarity; important for understanding sediment transport.
 Temperature: Affects chemical reactions and biological processes in water.
 Conductivity: Indicates the concentration of dissolved ions, helpful in assessing salinity and
pollution levels.
Chemical Tests
 pH Level: Determines acidity/alkalinity, affecting both aquatic life and construction
materials.
 Nutrient Analysis: Tests for nitrates, phosphates, and ammonium to assess potential
pollution.
 Heavy Metals: Analyzes for contaminants like lead, mercury, and arsenic that can affect
construction materials and human health.
 Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Important for aquatic ecosystems; low levels may indicate
pollution.
Biological Tests
 Microbial Testing: Checks for coliform bacteria and pathogens to evaluate water safety for
construction and human use.
 Bioassays: Use aquatic organisms to determine the toxicity of water samples, essential for
assessing the impact of runoff.
Sediment Testing
 Sediment Quality Assessment: Analyzes contaminants in sediments that could affect
construction projects or aquatic habitats.
 Erosion Studies: Evaluate sediment transport and erosion rates, crucial for designing erosion
control measures.
Contaminant Testing
 Pesticides and Herbicides: Tests for agricultural chemicals that may affect water quality.
 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Analyzes for industrial pollutants that can impact
water quality and safety.

12
OUTPUT OF MICRO PROJECT:

solid foundation for effective water management strategies. By

translating data into actionable insights, communities can enhance
water quality, protect ecosystems, and promote sustainable practices.
Continuous monitoring and community involvement will ensure the
long-term success of these initiatives.

13