(3) SH.V/PHSH/DSE.

2/23

B.Sc. 5th Semester (Honours) Examination, 2023 (CBCS)

Subject : Physics
Course: DSE-2(OR)
(Classical Dynamics)

Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 60

Thefigures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own word,s
as far as practicable.

1, Answer arry len questions from the following: 2xl0=20

(a) Prove that the kinetic energy of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field remains
constant.

(b) Define generalised coordinates. Mention the generalised coordinates of a particle constrained
to move on a cylindrical surface.

(c) A particle of mass ,, slides under gravity without friction along a cycloid described by
equations r = a(0 - sin0),y = a(1 +cos0), where a is constant. Find the Lagrangian of
the parricle.

(d) Find the position of stable equilibrium of a particle in the potenrial y(x) = !4 r'{-
- where
k, l, > 0.

(e) The Lagrangian of a particre r = M:a -)af + qr2;. rind ttre Ham tonian of a system.

(f) Show that the Hamiltonian of a system remains constant if the Lagrangian of the system does
not depend upon time explicitly.

(g) The equations of motion ofan oscillatory system is

i+alx-ay:0
y+aly-ax--0.
Find the normal coordinates and normal frequencies of the system.

(h) If the haif-life of an elementary particle moving with speed 0.9c in the laboratory frame is
5 x 10-8s, then what is the proper halfJife of the particle?
SH-V/PHSH/DSE-2/23 (4)

(i) The kinetic energy of a pafticle of rest mass m0 is equal to its rest mass energy. Find its
velocity.

o Explain the simultaneity of two events in special theory of relativity.

(k) Define world point and world line in special theory of relativity.

0) Define space-time interr,,al. What will be the space-time interval at the surface of light-cone?

(m) Show that the Lorentz transformation is the transformation from orthogonal to non-

orthogonal coordinate system (,x, cl).

(n) The velocity components of a fluid (incompressible) flow are

u = x2 + z2,u = y2 + z2,w = -22(x + y).
Show that the fluid flow is possible.

(o) Two capillary tubes of radiiRl,R2 and lengths L1,L2 respectively are connected in series.
A fluid flows though the tube due to pressure difference P at two free ends. Using
Poiseuille's equation find the expression of pressure in the fluid at the junction of two tubes.

2. Answer any forrr questions from the following: 5x4=20

(a) A charge pafiicle initially moving with velocity 6 enters a uniform electric field E in
transverse direction. Show that the path of the particle is a parabola.

The electric field is producedby applying potential difference between two parallel
conducting plates of length /. A fluorescent screen is placed at a distance D from the
middle of the plates. Obtain an expression of the shift of the spot on the screen due to
applied electric field. 3+2

(b) (i) What is cyclic coordinate? Show that the conjugate momentum corresponding to a

cyclic coordinate is conserved.

(ii) If the Lagrangian of a system does not depend upon time explicitly, show that the total
energy of the system remains constant using Lagrangian formalism. (1+2)+2

(c) (i) The Hamiltonian ofa system ,s H :y+++, where c and B are constants, and4 and

p are the generalized coordinate and momentum. Find the Lagrangian of the system.

(ii)'The Hamiltonian of a system with generalised coordinate and momentum (q, p) is

H = p2 q2. Show that p : B e-zAt, where A and B are constants. l+J
 (s) SH.V/PHSH/DSE-2/23

is three-momentum vector' E is
(d) (D Four-momentum is defined as \ = (i, tE /c), where f
the four-force can be
the energy and c i.s the speed of light in vacuum show that
expressed * ru = (vf,] A. i). *1e.. / it three-force vector and
d is the velocitv of

particle.

(ii) Show that four-velocity and four-force are orthogonal to each other' 3+2

(e) (0 Explain the length-contraction in four-dimensional space (i' ict)'

(iD A cube of side 16 moves with velocity a along one of the edges with respect to a
3+2
reference frame. Find the volume of the cube in that frame'

(0(i)UsingtheequationofcontinuityShowthattheVelocitypotentialsatisfiesLaplace
equation for incompressible and irrotational fluid'

(ii) What is streamline of fluid flow? The velocity field is 7

: (l + At)t + xi Find the
2+(1+2)
equation of streamline at t = t0 passing through point (xo' y6)'

10x2=20
Answer cny nu, questions from the following:

(a) (i) State the principle of Hamilton's least action' Hence, derive Euler-Lagrange's equation

of motion.
(ii) A pafiicle of mass rl, is constrained to move on a circle under gravity The circle is
placed in a vertical plane and placed on the ground Mention the generalised
coordinates. Find the Lagrange's equation of motion' (2+4)+(1+3)

(b) Consider a linear tri-atomic molecule CO2 in which Oxygen atoms are connected to the
Lagrangian of the system'
Carbon atom by springs with spring constant ft Write down the
and obtain the relation
Hence, obtain the secular equation. Determine the normal frequencies
(1+3)+(2+4)
among amplitudes of the atoms at normal frequencies'

central
(c) What is central force field? Write down the Lagrangian of a particle moving under
motion of the
force field. Hence, derive the Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equations of
energy of the
particle. Using Hamilton's equations show that the angular momentum and total
particle remain conserved. 1+(1+2+2)+(1+3)

(d) (i) Write down the Lorentz transfomation of four-momentum Hence' explain the Doppler

effect and relativistic aberation of light'

(2+3+2)+3
(ii) Stow that .AFB* is invariant under Lorentz transformation'