Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.

2023

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD-500 007.

M.Sc. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTIONS AND EXAMINATION W.E.F. A.Y. 2023-24 ONWARDS

Max. Marks
Semester in the Max. Marks in
Paper Instruction
end Semester the Internal
Paper Code Paper Title Credits Hours per
Examination end Assessment and
# Week
duration Examination Assignments

THEORY PAPERS
Mathematical
I STAS-101 3 3 3 60 40
Analysis
Linera Algebra &
II STAS-102 3 3 3 60 40
Linear Models

Applied
III STAS-103 3 3 3 60 40
Probability Theory
Distribution
IV STAS-104 Theory & 3 3 3 60 40
Estimation
PRACTICAL PAPERS

Statistical Methods
V STAS-105 using Python 2 4* 2 40 10
Programming

Linear Algebra &

VI STAS-106 Linear Models 2 4* 2 40 10
(using R)
Distributions &
VII STAS-107 Estimation 2 4* 2 40 10
(using R)
Data Handling
VIII STAS-108 2 4* 2 40 10
using R
Semester Total 20 12+16* - 48 120
* For batch of 20 Students

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STAS-101: PAPER-I: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS (MA)

Objectives & Course Outcomes:

1. The basic concepts of real analysis required for understanding the Mathematical Statistics.
2. To know the applications of Limits, continuity, Convergences, R-S Integrations etc in Statistics.

UNIT-I
Metric spaces - Compact sets - Perfect sets - Connected sets. Limits of functions - Continuous
functions - Continuity and compactness, Continuity and connectedness, Discontinuities -
Monotonic functions, Differentiation.
UNIT–II
Riemann-Steiltjes (R-S) Integral and its linear properties. Integration by parts, Euler’s summation,
Riemann’s condition. Integrators of Bounded variations. Statements of necessary and sufficient
conditions of Riemann - Steiltjes integral. Differentiation under the integral sign. Interchanging the
order of integration.
UNIT- III
Sequences and Series of Functions: Uniform convergence - Uniform convergence and continuity -
Uniform convergence and integration - Uniform convergence and differentiation – The Stone-
Weierstrass theorem.

REFERENCES

1. Walter Rudin: Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw-Hill International 3rd Edition.

(Unit-I: pp 30-46 & pp 83-102) (Unit-II: pp 120-133 & 135-142) (Unit-III: pp 143-154, 159-
161, 165-171 & 220-222).
2. H.L. Royden: Real Analysis, PHI 3rd edition
3. Apostol, T.M. (1985): Mathematical Analysis, Narosa, Indian Ed.
4. Malik, S.C. (1984): Mathematical Analysis, Wiley – Eastern.
5. Mathematical Analysis Vol - I by D J H Garling.

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STAS-102: PAPER-II: LINEAR ALGEBRA & LINEAR MODELS (LA)

Objectives & Course Outcomes:

1. To find the solution to the given set of equations.
2. To transform the given matrix into another form without changing its characteristics.
3. Usage of Matrices for the real time applications.
4. To express the set of equations in a GLM form to find the estimation of parameters.

UNIT – I
Linear Algebra: Vector Spaces with an inner product, Gram –Schmidt orthogonalization process.
Ortho-normal basis and orthogonal projection of a vector. Real time applications of
orthogonalization in various domains. Solution of matrix equations. Sufficient conditions for the
existence of homogeneous and non – homogeneous linear equations. Moore Penrose and
generalized inverses and their properties. Real time applications of solving set of equations in
various domains.
UNIT–II
Characteristic roots and vectors, Caley–Hamilton theorem algebraic and geometric multiplicity of
a characteristic root and spectral decomposition of a real symmetric matrix. Real time applications
of characteristic roots and vectors in various domains. Real quadratic forms, reduction and
classification of quadratic forms, Index and signature. Simultaneous reduction of two quadratic
forms, Extreme of a quadratic form. Matrix Inequalities: Cauchy- Schwartz and Hadamard
Inequalities.
UNIT – III
Linear Models: General Linear Model (GLM) and its formulation through examples. Estimability
of a linear parametric function. Gauss-Markov linear model, BLUE for linear functions of
parameters, relationship between BLUE’s and linear Zero-functions. Gauss-Markov theorem,
Aitkin’s generalized least squares, Concept of Multi-collinearity. Importance and applications of
GLM s.

REFERENCES
1. Graybill, F.A. (1983): Matrices with applications in Statistics, 2nd ed., Wards worth.
2. Searle, S.R.(1982) : Matrix Algebra useful for Statistics, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Rao, C.R. and Mithra, S.K. (1971) : Generalized inverse of matrices and its applications, John
Wiley & Sons.
4. Rao, A.R. and Bhimasankaram, P. (1992): Linear Algebra, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd.
5. Searles S.R. (1971): Linear statistical Models.

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STAS-103: PAPER-III: APPLIED PROBABILITY THEORY (APT)

Objectives & Course Outcomes:
1. To find the probability based on the conditions that are specified.
2. To obtain distribution function of random variable based on its probability function & vice-versa.
3. To derive characteristic function from the density and vice-versa and identifying the characteristic
function.
4. To obtain the probability bounds or moment bounds for the given random variables.
5. To study convergence properties of the sequence random variables based on its probability laws.

(Pre-requisite for understanding: Probability concepts: Classical, statistical and axiomatic definitions, joint, marginal
and conditional probabilities, Compound, Addition and Bayes theorems and problems on probability).
UNIT – I
Probability as a measure, Random Variables, distribution function and its properties and their
applications. Mathematical Expectation and Expectations of functions of random variables and their
applications. Conditional expectation and conditional variances, applications (A list model, random
graph, uniform priors, Polyas’ urn model and Bose-Einstein distribution, mean time for patterns,
the compound Poisson identity, the k-record values of discrete random variables). Characteristic
function and its properties, Uniqueness, Inversion and Continuity theorems and their application
problems. Identification functions which are/ not be Characteristic functions.
UNIT – II
Probability and Moment inequalities: Chebychev’s, Markov, Cauchy-Schwartz, Holder,
Minkowsky, Liapunov and Jensen Inequalities. Interrelationships among the inequalities and their
applications and simple problems on these inequalities. Sequence of random variables: Borel-
Cantelli Lemma; Borel 0-1 law. Statement of Glivenko-Cantelli lemma. Convergence of sequence
of random variables: law; probability; almost sure, quadratic mean; their implications, counter
implications and Slutzky’s theorem. Applications of various convergences and their related
problems.
UNIT – III
Weak and Strong Law of Large numbers (WLLN): Bernoulli, Chebychev’s and Khintchine’s
WLLNs. Kolmogorov inequality. Borel’s SLLNs. Kolmogorov’s SLLNs for independent random
variables and i.i.d. random variables, Applications of LLN and their related problems. Central Limit
Theorems: Demoviere-Laplace form of CLT, Levy-Lindeberg form of CLT, Liapunov’s form of
CLT and Lindberg-Feller form of CLT and their application related problems.
REFERENCES
1. Ross, S.M (2004): Introduction to Probability Models, 8th Edition, Academic Press
2. Bhat, B.R. (1985): Modern Probability Theory, Wiley Eastern.
3. Bau A.K. (2012): Measure Theory and Probability, PHI, 2nd edition.
4. Rohatgi, V.K. (1993): An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics,
Wiley Eastern
5. Chandra, T.K. and Chatterji D (2001): A First Course in Probability, Narosa Publishing House.

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STAS-104: PAPER-IV: DISTRIBUTION THEORY AND ESTIMATION (DTE)

Objectives and Course Outcomes:
1. To derive any property for any distribution that is specified.
2. To obtain the distribution to the given transformed random variables.
3. To obtain sampling distribution to the given statistic.
4. To derive the point estimator for the given parameter in the distribution function.
5. To derive the properties like consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, MVB,
completeness, etc. for the estimator.
(Pre-requisite: Basic univariate probability distributions: Discrete Uniform, Bernoulli, binomial, Poisson, Negative
binomial, Geometric, Hyper geometric, continuous uniform, Normal, Exponential, Gamma (one & two parameters),
Beta First and second kinds and Cauchy. Univariate and bivariate random variables transformations).
UNIT – I
Distribution Theory: Definitions and derivations of properties related to Lognormal, Weibull,
Pareto, Laplace distributions and their applications and related problems. Compound distribution
of Binomial-Poisson, Truncated distributions (Poisson, Exponential and Normal distributions).
Exponential family of distribution, Power series distributions, Mixture Distributions. Bivariate
Normal distribution. Functions of random variables and their distributions using Jacobian of
transformations and problem on transformations, Distributions of Quadratic forms under normality
and its applications.
UNIT – II
Multi-nomial and Multivariate Normal distributions and their properties. Derivations of density
functions of Sampling Distributions of central and non-central t, F and 2 and their properties (for
noncentral Statements only), distribution of Sample mean and variance, independence of X and
S2. Order statistics: Joint and Marginal distributions of order statistics. Distributions of sample
range, Problems on computing the distribution of order statistics. Applications of order statistics.
UNIT – III
Estimation: Point and Interval estimation, Criterion for good point estimator, Minimum Variance
Unbiased Estimator, Fisher’s information, Cramer-Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwell theorem,
Completeness, Lehmann – Scheff’s theorem and their applications and its related problems.
Estimation of bias and standard deviation of point estimators of Jackknife and Bootstrap methods
with examples. MLE and its properties (statements only). Consistency and asymptotic normality of
the consistent solutions of likelihood equations. Definition of CAN and BAN estimators and their
properties, related examples. Confidence Interval estimation pivotal method for Poisson, Normal
and Exponential
REFERENCES
1. Bhuyan K.C. (2010): Probability distribution theory and Statistical Inference, New Central
Book agency (P) Ltd.
2. Parimal Mukhopadhya (2002): Mathematical Statistics, Books & Allied Ltd.
3. Johnson, S. and Kotz (1972): Distribution in Statistics, Vol. I, II and III.
4. Rohatgi, V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability theory and Mathematical Statistics, Wiley
Eastern.
5. Rao, C.R. (1973): Linear Statistical Inference and its applications, Wiley Eastern, 2/e
6. Lehman, E.L. (1983): Theory of Point Estimation, John Wiley and Sons.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STAS-105: PAPER-V: STATISTICAL METHODS USING PYTHON PROGRAMMING
PRACTICAL-I
Objective & Outcomes:
1. Use various data types, loop statements, OOPs concepts, Exemptions, string operations etc for a
specified problem
2. Design, implement, debug a given problem using Python
3. Execute the programs using derived and user defined data types.
4. Implement programs using modular approach and file I/O
5. Writing Python code for any statistical methods for the given data data set.
(THEORETICAL CONCEPTS)
Weeks 1-5: Introduction to Python Programming, Input, Processing and Output, Displaying Output
with the Print Function, Comments, Variables, Reading Input from the Keyboard, Performing
Calculations Operators. Type conversions, Expressions, More about Data Output. Decision
Structures and Boolean Logic: if, if-else, if-elif-else Statements, Nested Decision Structures,
Comparing Strings, Logical Operators, Boolean Variables. Repetition Structures: recursion and
non-recursion, while loop, for loop, Calculating a Running Total, Input Validation Loops, Nested
Loops. python-syntax, statements, functions, Built-in-functions and Methods, Modules in python,
Exception Handling. Functions: Defining and Calling a Void Function, designing a Program to Use
Functions, Local Variables, Passing Arguments to Functions, Global Variables and Global
Constants, Value-Returning Functions, Generating Random Numbers, Writing Our Own Value-
Returning Functions, The math Module, Storing Functions in Modules. File and Exceptions:
Introduction to File Input and Output, Using Loops to Process Files, Processing Records,
Exceptions. Finding Items in Lists with in-Operator, List Methods and Useful Built-in Functions,
Copying Lists, Processing Lists, Two-Dimensional Lists, Tuples. Strings: Basic String Operations,
String Slicing, Testing, Searching, and Manipulating Strings.
LIST OF PRACTICALS (Not using Python Packages)
(Programs must be in a position to write with all possibilities like usage of functions, Loops,
OOP concepts, methods, built in functions etc. wherever it is possible)
Week-6: Program to find the sum and product of two matrices.
Program to find the Determinant and Inverse of the given matrix
Week-7: Program to sort the given set of numbers using bubble sort, Quicksort, Merge sort,
insertion sort. Program for linear search, binary search.
Week 8: Program to find the Median, Mode for the given of array of elements.
Program for preparation of frequency tables, Computation of mean, median, mode,
variance and standard deviation to the given data set.
Week 9: Program to compute first four Central & Non-central moments, Skewness and Kurtosis
to the given data set.
Week-10: Program to generate random numbers from Uniform, Binomial, Poisson, Normal and
Exponential distributions using algorithms.
Week-11: Program to Fit Binomial, Poisson & Negative Binomial distributions for the given data
set and testing their goodness of fit and drawing the curve plots.
Week-12: Program to Fit Normal, Exponential & Cauchy distributions for given data set.
Week-13: Program for finding Correlation and regression lines for the given data set.
Week-14: Program for testing means, variances, correlations.
Week-15: Program for carryout the analysis of variance for one way and two way.

Note: Practical Exam question paper will have 15 Marks weightage on theory concepts and 25 on its programs
writing and execution. Practical Record should contain all practical’s with their implementation and is
Mandatory and carries 5 marks and Assessment test 5 Marks.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STS-106: PAPER-VI: LINEAR ALGEBRA & LINEAR MODELS

PRACTICAL-II : CONVENSIONAL & USING R)

Objective & Outcomes:

1. Knowing the manual procedures and also their implementation using R
2. Finding the inverse of a matrix in various methods.
3. Applying any transformations on matrices
4. Applying the matrix operations on the given data sets (Determinant, eigen values, eigen
vectors, transformations etc).
5. Summarization of properties of the data sets based on matrix operations.

LIST OF PRACTICALS ON LINEAR ALGEBRA & LINEAR MODELS

Week-1: Inverse of a matrix by Partition method

Week-2: Solutions of linear equations by sweep-out method
Week-3: Solutions of linear equations by Doolittle Method
Week-4: Computation of Moore-Penrose inverse by Penrose method
Week-5: Computation of generalized inverse of a matrix.
Week-6: Formation of characteristic equation by using traces of successive powers
Week-7: Spectral decomposition of a square matrix of third order
Week-8: Simultaneous reduction of a pair of quadratic forms to diagonal and canonical
forms.
Week-9: Finding orthonormal basis by Gram – Schmidt process.
Week-10: Computation of variance-covariance matrix for data set and study of its
characteristics.
Week-11 Fitting of a simple linear regression model, Testing its lack of fit, and
computing its R2, Adj R2, Pure error and Confidence interval for regression
coefficient
Week-12 Fitting of a Multiple Linear regression model, Testing its lack of fit, and
computing its R2, Adj R2, Pure error and Confidence interval for regression
coefficient.
Week-13 Computation of Simple, partial and Multiple correlation Coefficients
Week-14 Testing Multi-Collinearity

Note: Practical Record should contain all practical’s with their implementation and is Mandatory and it
carries 5 Marks and Assessment test is 5 Marks. The Semester end practical exam contains two sections:
Section-A: Conventional & Section-B Using R.

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STS-107: PAPER-VII: DISTRIBUTION THEORY & ESTIMATION

PRACTICAL-III (CONVENSIONAL & USING R)

Objective & Outcomes:

1. Knowing the manual procedures and also their implementation using R

2. Generation of random samples from any distribution
3. Identifying an appropriate probability distribution to the given data.
4. Fitting and testing the probability distribution.
5. Drawing the probability distribution curves and stating its nature of the distributional curve properties
for the given data sets.

LIST OF PRACTICALS ON DISTRIBUTION THEORY & ESTIMATION

Week-1: Generation of random samples from Uniform distribution.

Week-2: Generation of random samples from the Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative
Binomial distributions.
Week-3: Generation of random samples from the Normal, Exponential, Gamma, Beta,
Cauchy distributions.
Week-4: Fitting an appropriate discrete distribution to the given data sets
Week-5: Fitting an appropriate continuous distribution to the given data sets (Uniform,
Normal, Exponential)
Week-6: Testing its Goodness of fit of Cauchy distribution to the given data set
Week-7: Fitting of Gamma distribution with two parameters to the given data set
Week-8: Fitting of Lognormal Distribution with two parameters to the given data set
Week-9: Fitting of Weibull Distribution with two parameters to the given data set
Week-10: Fitting of Pareto distribution with two parameters to the given data set
Week-11 Estimation of parameter in the Cauchy distribution
Week-12 Estimation of Bias, Variance and MSE for mean, median and standard deviation
using resampling technique Jackknife
Week-13 Estimation of Bias, Variance and MSE for mean and standard deviation using
resampling technique Bootstrap estimator
Week-14 Confidence interval Estimation for the parameters in Poisson, Normal and
Exponential distribution using pivot method.

Note: Practical Record should contain all practical’s with their implementation and is Mandatory and it
carries 5 Marks and Assessment test is 5 Marks. The Semester end practical exam contains two sections:
Section-A: Conventional & Section-B Using R.

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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 Applied Statistics I-Semester Syllabus- Regular Mode, Approved by the BOS in Statistics, O.U. on 03.10.2023

M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS) I-SEMESTER

STAS-108: PAPER-VIII: DATA HANDLING

PRACTICAL-IV

Data sets of Kaggle.com can be used for practice. For example few of the them are: Iris Dataset;
flights.csv Dataset; Sustainable Development Data; Credit Card Fraud Detection; Employee
dataset; Heart Attack Analysis & Prediction Dataset; Dataset for Facial recognition;
Covid_w/wo_Pneumonia Chest Xray Dataset; Groceries dataset; Financial Fraud and Non-Fraud
News Classification; IBM Transactions for Anti Money Laundering

Data Handling with R:

1. Understanding data with Data types, Measurement of scales, descriptive statistics and data pre-
processing steps.
2. Data transformations (Standardize, Normalize, converting data from one scale to other scales).
3. Data Visualization: Drawing One dimensional diagram (Pictogram, Pie Chart, Bar Chart), two-
dimensional diagrams (Histogram, Line plot, frequency curves & polygons, ogive curves,
Scatter Plot), other diagrammatical / graphical representations like, Gantt Chart, Heat Map,
Box-Whisker Plot, Area Chart, Correlation Matrices.
4. Parametric tests (z-, χ2, t-, F-tests, ANOVA), Correlation & Regression etc.
5. Non-Parametric tests (Sign test, Median, Wilcoxon sign rank, Mann-Whitney U, Run test).
6. Applying the modelling process, Model evolution, over fitting, under fitting, cross validation
concepts, (train/test, K fold and leave out one approaches),
7. Evaluation of Model Performance for classification techniques for qualitative and Quantitative
data.
8. Data interpretation and Report writing.
Note: Practical Record should contain all practicals with their implementation and is Mandatory and it
carries 5 Marks and Assessment test is 5 Marks. The Semester end practical exam contain answer any two
out of four questions with their implantations using R.

Chairperson
Board of Studies in Statistics
Osmania University, Hyd-7.

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