DATA VISUALIZATION USING TABLEAU AND POWER BI

DATA VISUALIZATION

INTRODUCTION:

Data visualization is the process of transforming raw data into visual formats like charts,
graphs, maps, or dashboards to make complex information more accessible, understandable,
and usable. It combines data science, design principles, and storytelling, making it easier for
users to quickly grasp insights, identify patterns, and make informed decisions.

KEY ELEMENTS OF DATA VISUALIZATION:

 Data Source: Raw data collected from various sources, such as databases, APIs.
 Illustrations: Graphs, charts, maps and other visual resources to illustrate
information.
 Design Principles: The layout, color, typography, and spacing have been done in such
a way that visuals can be easily presented and interpreted without much hassle.

COMMON TYPES OF DATA VISUALIZATION:

 Bar and Column Charts: could be used in showing comparisons across categories.
 Line Charts: These are meant for showing trends over time.
 Pie Charts: It shows the part of a whole as percentages.
 Scatter Plots: It visualizes the relationship or correlation that occurs between
variables.
 Heatmaps: These are applied to show, on a grid or map, the density or intensity of
data.
 Geographic Maps: It plots data spatially with the purpose of communicating location
based trends.
 Dashboards: Combinations of several visualizations for real-time insights.

ADVANTAGES OF DATA VISUALIZATION:

 Patterns and Trends: Helps users to find the insights that might be buried in raw
data.
 Improves Decision-Making: Visual information enhances the simplicity of making
decisions with more knowledge and data-driven insights.

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TABLEAU

DESCRIPTION OF TABLEAU:

Tableau is a powerful data visualization and business intelligence tool that empowers raw
data to easily understandable visuals such as interactive dashboards and reports. It is known
for its friendly drag-and-drop interface; users with no extensive programming knowledge can
make many different types of visualizations using this interface. It is capable of handling big
volumes of information and can be connected to big variant sources of data, including
spreadsheets, databases, and cloud services.

KEY FEATURES OF TABLEAU:

 Interactive Dashboards: Combining multiple visual elements to provide a

comprehensive view of the data.
 Real-time Data Analysis: Allows for live data connections and automatic updates.
 Data Blending: Combines data from different sources for more comprehensive
insights.
 Collaboration and Sharing: Options to share dashboards and visualizations on
Tableau Server, Tableau Online, or Tableau Public.

ADVANTAGES OF TABLEAU:

 Interactive Dashboards: Various visual elements put together to give an overview of

the data in a wide perspective.
 Real-time Data Analysis: Can connect to and refresh data in real time.
 Data Blending: The tool blends data from various sources to gain further insights.
 Collaboration and Sharing: Options to share dashboards and visualizations on
Tableau Server, Tableau Online, or Tableau Public.

WHY WE USE TABLEAU:

 Real-Time Data Analysis

 Interactivity
 Data Security

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 Strong Community and Support

DATA-SET

DESCRIPTION OF DATA-SET:

A dataset is an assemblage of data that can take any of many forms, such as a set of records
or even in structured format, which is stored and organized for analysis, processing, or
visualization. Datasets are widely used in data analysis, statistics, machine learning, and
other scientific disciplines.

TYPES OF DATA-SET:

The data sets can be of different kinds depending upon the nature, structure, and purpose,
and have been divided into many types. Some of them are mentioned below:

 Structured Data Sets: These are organized into a tabular format with rows and
columns. This would include databases and spreadsheets.
Examples: CSV, SQL databases, Sales data, survey responses.
 Unstructured Data Sets: These are pieces of data without any kind of predefinition
in the structure of the data. The text would be the most dominant constituent.
Examples: social media posts, e-mails, audio, video, images.
 Semi-Structured Data Sets: Loosely typed data: Not-strictly-structured types,
having tags or markers delimiting the elements.
 Examples: JSON files, XML files, and HTML documents.

EXAMPLE OF DATA SET:

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CHARTS

BAR CHART:

Fig 1.1

 Data Import:
 Load the dataset into tableau by connecting to the data source (e.g., an excel
file or database).
 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:
 In the "Dimensions" section, drag product name onto the columns shelf. This
sets the x-axis to display different products.
 In the "Measures" section, drag profit onto the rows shelf, setting the y-axis to
show profit values.
 Bar Chart Selection:

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 Tableau may automatically choose a bar chart based on the data layout. If not,
click on the show me panel and select bar-chart.
 Color Encoding:
 Drag product name again onto the color shelf in the marks card to assign each
product a distinct color, enhancing visual distinction.
 Formatting:
 Add labels to the bars if needed by dragging profit onto the label shelf.
 Adjust the title (e.g., "BAR CHART") and axis labels to provide clear
information.
 You can also format the y-axis to show a consistent profit scale for easier
comparison.

STACKED BAR CHART:

Fig 1.2

Steps to Create the Stacked Bar Chart in Tableau:

 Data Import:
 Connect to your data source in Tableau (e.g., Excel or database).
 Assign Product and Sales Fields:
 Drag product name to the columns shelf to represent each product on the x-
axis.
 Drag sales to the rows shelf to represent the total sales amount on the y-axis.
 Create Stack by Region:

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 Drag Region to the color shelf in the marks card to differentiate each segment
by region.
 This will divide each bar into segments, with each color representing a
specific region.
 Display Sales Labels:
 Drag Sales to the label shelf within the marks card to display sales values on
each segment of the bar.
 Customize Formatting:
 Adjust the axis titles and chart title to make the visualization clearer, such as
setting the y-axis to "Sales" and the x-axis to "Product Name".
 You can also customize colours by clicking on color in the marks card to
assign specific colours to each region for consistency.

PIE CHART:

Fig 1.3

Steps to Create the Pie Chart in Tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Region" dimension to the "Rows" shelf.
 Drag the "SUM(Sales)" measure to the "Columns" shelf.
 Change to Pie Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Pie Chart".
 Format Pie Chart:

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 Labels: Right-click on the pie chart and select "Label". Choose to show labels
for "Region" or "SUM(Sales)".
 Percentages: Right-click on the pie chart and select "Label". Choose to show
percentages.
 Colores: Right-click on the pie chart and select "Color". Choose a color
palette that suits your needs. o Size and Position: Adjust the size and position
of the pie chart as desired.
 Add Total Sales:
 Right-click on the "SUM(Sales)" measure and select "Create Calculated
Field". Name the calculated field "Total Sales". In the calculation editor, enter
SUM([Sales]). Drag the "Total Sales" calculated field to the "Labels" shelf.
 Add Text Label:
 Right-click on the pie chart and select "Annotations". Drag the "Total Sales"
calculated field to the "Text" shelf, Position the text label appropriately.

LINE GRAPH:

Fig 1.4

Steps to create the line chart in tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Ship Date" dimension to the "Columns" shelf.
 Drag the "SUM(Sales)" measure to the "Rows" shelf.
 Change to Line Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Line Chart".
 Format Line Chart:

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 Labels: Right-click on the line chart and select "Label". Choose to show
labels for "Ship Date" or "SUM(Sales)".
 Line Style: Right-click on the line chart and select "Line". Choose a line style
and color that suits your needs.
 Size and Position: Adjust the size and position of the line chart as desired.
 Add Data Points:
 Right-click on the line chart and select "Show Data Points". This will display
data points for each month.
 Add Labels to Data Points:
 Right-click on the line chart and select "Label". Choose to show labels for the
data points.
 Add Text Label:
 Right-click on the line chart and select "Annotations". Drag the "SUM(Sales)"
measure to the "Text" shelf.
 Position the text label appropriately.

MAP GRAPH:

Fig 1.5

Steps to create the map chart in tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Region" dimension to the "Columns" shelf.
 Drag the "SUM(Sales)" measure to the "Rows" shelf.
 Change to Line Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Line Chart".

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 Select Map Type:

 Choose the appropriate map type based on your data. In this case, a
geographic map is suitable.
 Format Map Chart:
 Map Details: Right-click on the map and select "Map Details". Choose the
appropriate map layer and zoom level.
 Color: Right-click on the map and select "Color". Choose a color palette to
represent the "SUM(Sales)" measure.
 Labels: Right-click on the map and select "Label". Choose to show labels
for the regions.
 Tooltips: Customize tooltips to display additional information when
hovering over a region.
 Size and Position: Adjust the size and position of the map chart as desired.

Fig 1.6

Steps to create the map chart in tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Region" dimension to the "Columns" shelf.
 Drag the "SUM(Sales)" measure to the "Rows" shelf.
 Change to Line Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Line Chart".

 Select Map Type:

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 Choose the appropriate map type based on your data. In this case, a
geographic map is suitable.
 Format Map Chart:
 Map Details: Right-click on the map and select "Map Details". Choose the
appropriate map layer and zoom level.
 Color: Right-click on the map and select "Color". Choose a color palette to
represent the "SUM(Sales)" measure.
 Labels: Right-click on the map and select "Label". Choose to show labels
for the regions.
 Tooltips: Customize tooltips to display additional information when
hovering over a region.
 Size and Position: Adjust the size and position of the map chart as desired.

 Additional Consideration:
 Data Type: Ensure that the "State" dimension is a string or categorical data
type, and "Sales" is a numeric data type.
 Filter: If needed, you can add filters to the map chart to show specific states
or sales ranges.
 Formatting: Use Tableau's formatting options to customize the appearance
of the map chart (e.g., font, color, size).

DUAL AXIS CHART:

Fig 1.7

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Steps to create the dual axis chart in tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Sub-Category" dimension to the "Columns" shelf.
 Drag the "Profit" and "Sales" measures to the "Rows" shelf.
 Change to Bar Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Bar Chart".
 Create Dual Axis:
 Right-click on the "Sales" pill on the "Rows" shelf and select "Dual Axis".
 Format Dual Chart Axis:
 Labels: Right-click on the chart and select "Label". Choose to show labels
for the "Sub-Category" dimension and the "Profit" and "Sales" measures.
 Axis: Right-click on the "Sales" axis and select "Format Axis". Customize
the axis labels, ticks, and formatting as needed.
 Color: Customize the colours for the "Profit" and "Sales" bars.
 Size and Position: Adjust the size and position of the chart as desired.

SALES BY CATEGORY:

Fig 1.8

Steps to create the sales by category chart in tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Sub-Category" dimension to the "Columns" shelf.
 Drag the "Profit" and "Sales" measures to the "Rows" shelf.
 Change to Bar Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Bar Chart".

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 Change Orientation:
 Right-click on the chart and select "Format". In the "Marks" card, change the
"Mark Type" to "Bar".
 Format Bar Chart:
 Labels: Right-click on the chart and select "Label". Choose to show labels
for the "Sub-Category" dimension and the "Sales" measure.
 Color: Right-click on the chart and select "Color". Choose a color palette
that suits your needs.
 Size and Position: Adjust the size and position of the chart as desired.
 Sort Bars:
 Right-click on the "Sales" measure on the "Rows" shelf and select "Sort".
Choose to sort by "Descending" or "Ascending" based on your preference.

SALES BY SEGMENT:

Fig 1.9

Steps to create the sales by segment chart in tableau:

 Drag and Drop Dimensions and Measures:

 Drag the "Sub-Category" dimension to the "Columns" shelf.
 Drag the "Profit" and "Sales" measures to the "Rows" shelf.
 Change to Bar Chart:
 Right-click on the view and select "Show Me"  "Bar Chart".

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 Format Bar Chart:

 Labels: Right-click on the chart and select "Label". Choose to show labels
for the "Sub-Category" dimension and the "Sales" measure.
 Color: Right-click on the chart and select "Color". Choose a color palette
that suits your needs.
 Size and Position: Adjust the size and position of the chart as desired.
 Sort Bars:
 Right-click on the "Sales" measure on the "Rows" shelf and select "Sort".
Choose to sort by "Descending" or "Ascending" based on your preference.

DASH BOARD:

Fig 1.10

Creating a Dashboard in Tableau:

you've created the individual charts; you can combine them into a dashboard to provide a
comprehensive overview of your data. Here's how:

 Create a New Dashboard: Go to the "Dashboard" tab in Tableau. Click on the

"New Dashboard" button.
 Add Worksheets to Dashboard: Drag and drop each worksheet (Sales by Category,

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Sales by Segment, Map Chart) onto the dashboard.

 Arrange Worksheets: Resize and position the worksheets on the dashboard to
create a desired layout. Use the "Align" and "Distribute" options to align the
worksheets.
 Add Filters and Parameters: If you want to add filters or parameters to control the
data displayed on the dashboard, drag and drop them onto the dashboard.
 Add Text and Images: You can add text boxes to explain the charts or provide
additional context. You can also add images to enhance the visual appeal of the
dashboard.
 Format Dashboard: Adjust the background color, font, and other formatting
options to create a professional look.
 Save Dashboard: Save the dashboard for future use. consider a layout like this:
 Top Left: Sales by Category bar chart.
 Top Right: Sales by Segment bar chart.
 Bottom: Map Chart.

This layout offers a clear view of sales performance by category, segment, and region.

Fig 1.11

 Filtering Specific Views:

 Direct Filtering: You can directly add filters to individual worksheets on
your dashboard. This allows you to filter data within a specific visualization
without affecting others.
 Filter Actions: You can create filter actions that link worksheets together.
When you select a value in one worksheet, it filters the data in another
worksheet. This is useful for creating interactive dashboards where users can

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explore different data subsets.

 Global Filters: Dashboard Filters: You can add filters to the dashboard itself,
which will affect all worksheets on the dashboard. This is useful for applying a
broad filter to all visualizations.
 Context Filters: Context filters are applied before any other filters, allowing
you to set a general context for your analysis.
 Impact on Visualizations: When you apply a filter, the visualizations on your
dashboard will update to reflect the filtered data.
 Data Reduction: The data displayed in the visualizations will be reduced to
only include the relevant data.
 Chart Updates: The charts will automatically adjust to the new data,
including changes to the axis labels, data points, and overall shape of the
chart.
 Color Changes: If your visualizations use color to represent different
categories or values, the color scheme may adjust to reflect the filtered data.
A dashboard filter for a specific region (e.g., Western U.S.) will adjust both charts:
the map will show sales by Western states, and the bar chart will display product
sales within that region.

CALCULATED FIELD:

Fig 1.12

 Sales Distribution: The "Sales" column shows the total sales for each sub-
category. We can observe that some sub-categories have significantly higher
sales compared to others.
 Cost and Profit: While the "COST" column likely represents the cost of goods
sold, it's difficult to calculate the exact profit margin without more information.
However, we can infer that sub-categories with higher sales and lower costs

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might have better profit margins.

 Ceiling, Floor, and Max/Min: These columns seem to represent certain
constraints or limits for each sub-category. It's unclear what these constraints
signify without more context.
Potential insights:

 Top-Performing Sub-Categories: Identify the sub-categories with the highest

sales. These could be potential areas for further investment or promotion.
 Low-Performing Sub-Categories: Analyse the sub-categories with the lowest
sales. This could help identify areas for improvement or potential
discontinuation.
 Cost Analysis: If you have more data on pricing and other costs, you could
analyse the profitability of each sub-category.
 Constraint Analysis: The "Ceiling," "Floor," "MAX," and "MIN" columns might
indicate limitations on inventory, production capacity, or other factors.
Understanding these constraints can help optimize operations and sales strategies.

DASHBORD:

Fig 1.13

Create a Tableau Dashboard:

If you don't have an existing dashboard, create a new one. Add the visualizations or data
sources you want to display on your dashboard.
 Add the Webpage:

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 Method 1: Drag and Drop: Drag the webpage URL directly onto the
dashboard. Tableau will automatically recognize it and create a web object.
 Method 2: Web Page Object Right: click on the dashboard and select
"Show Me"  "Web Page Object". Enter the webpage URL in the dialog
box.
Customize the Webpage Object:
 Resize: Adjust the size of the web object to fit your desired layout.
 Position: Drag and drop the web object to the desired location on the dashboard.
 Formatting: You can apply basic formatting to the web object, such as changing
the background color or border.
Context of the Image:
The image you provided shows the homepage of Malnad College of Engineering. You
could embed this webpage into a Tableau dashboard to provide additional information
about the college, such as admissions, courses, and faculty.

Fig 1.14

Create a Tableau Dashboard:

Add the visualizations or data sources you want to display on your dashboard.
Add the Webpage:
 Drag and Drop:

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 Drag the webpage URL onto the dashboard. Tableau will automatically
recognize it and create a web object.
 Web Page Object:
 Right-click on the dashboard and select "Show Me"  "Web Page Object".
Enter the webpage URL in the dialog box.
Customize the Webpage Object:
 Resize: Adjust the size of the web object to fit your desired layout.
 Position: Drag and drop the web object to the desired location on the dashboard.
 Formatting: You can apply basic formatting to the web object, such as changing
the background color or border.
Context of the Image:
The image you provided shows a map of the United States with California highlighted. You
could use this image on a Tableau dashboard to provide additional context or visual
information related to California.

STORY:

Fig 1.15

Create Story Points:

 Use the "Story" tab in Tableau to create individual story points.
 Add your visualizations (dual-axis chart, bar chart, scatter plot, table) to each story

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point.
 Use the "Description" pane to add text, images, or other multimedia elements to
explain your findings.
Arrange Story Points:
 Organize the story points in a logical sequence, starting with the introduction and
ending with the conclusion. You can add transitions between story points to create
a smooth flow.

Fig 1.16

Customize the Story:

 Customize your Tableau story with formatting options like fonts, colours, and
layout. Add interactive elements, such as filters and parameters, to enhance data
exploration.

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