Page teo

Datio

NAMEPRANALACHARYAA-

STO XE
Rett-Ne - 5 6

D A
STREAM 56IENCE-
 (Pags No.
Dats
2 JAN PHYSICS ASsI GNMENT

plain n ecpeumenl Aa deinpatretie'-he photo-elechi

emssdon and spaepéstie

AlabeTatum espeiment get-up-for he photoeleckic

etec consists o an evacuaded qlaas tuube t aquayt
windouo cootaioiog ophotosositive etal plate:- he
eniler E and another meal plate- the collecorn C be
emitte and ollecto ahe Connected te a voltãqe SouCe
ihosev6Hage Cao bé changed ad o aoiammedes to
measuie he cumentin he ciruit Aptential dife
nce o V, go meastred by the yeltmelesr, is maintaióed
betweeo he emitte E he cathocde ) and collectex C_
he anocle), noma tuy C beioaát aposibive Pakenhial wi
Epecdo the emitie. Shspotential diference ceum be
aied anel C on even be at neqative pokeotia oih
epecttoo Ja/he heianede poBenhial N fa 2ositive
i t accelerates he elechons ((hence caldee acoelerahona
poBeobial) ahile cohen the aoccde polechiat V,B neyabive
itretarcds Alaa e elkctrons (heneJaekncso a
ehardioa eotiA uce S monschaemadtic light.
ight carTeponding io smly ame specilic equeo
Suficieothy higla feauency shest waveleogth 10
ed. u a t z udircdou

Cmilts CollechoY
lale

ETectron

Conufntor

-wwwm
Variotie Potertia e
 PepeNo.
Cete

peltie phetoeletic elfect aeii

Eoc eea metal suyace -Hlacye: B a limtigg snee
photo-
qepcy o iocideot adiahion bela thieh no
|
e lkchina ase emiBfederomfe melal surface eyeo
undes atong )vradiahen, 9hs drequence Called fhe
he. helolmequeoc is charackeisic d
iaadiadal
She Hme iate eemission phcoelechons ocreases
in direak propohion do the indenaiy iocidot radla-

in) The_eailtcd jpholoelkchreas hae derert speed

ai m 2eo to a' cestauo maximury valut
sMadc13 Chanecteaisticoa qiven metal tora gireD
deguen a întickent mdiatin,
i ) P incidznb ackiation oereqseoe geales Hha
fquat teahela requen pe a qien meial wdae
photoelechie emissn_erm Hu Suwefae most
ostutoinec ven inder eatiemey we ak ipada-
 Page i a 3
Dato

Explaio he cenatuuctianond the orking a phoroelec

tic cellExplada 4 applieertiema

A photoelectie cell ib device ohick o omenta_lichf _enegy

inta elecioal ene Twors on Htu pincipal asheto
elechne eltert-
Conatruchian
1 Phobocell Consis eNaLadedlaas dube cortainie
euo pfeetrede emittey (K) amel Collecter (A\
heheemitter shaped in the sSemi bhelleio
CHlinele SH $ aluæs heph at a negaive poteohia
in) he Callecte in Le for 9 a meBatcol and
ixea at Ju ox du
emi-cyhoderical emiHes.
Oe Cellector iS aloayA kept aA cpogitive_pokenta
i he qlosd ube 3 Sited annaO- De ta Uie a e
cnd pins anepDyideol at }he base_fr extes ool
Qorne CAion
Aeleing
he emleb isconoectede negative leminal amed
Coltecto3 nnecicdL pestve teminal abatHe
i)_ A aaolaticn dlAsequencu m ov Han hrahold
equencu mcilevial nidley smade incident
On emitkex. Photo-emi Ssions ake plaee he pheo-
elecoona ae atsactec opavds te collectoy u'ch 3
Postive t e emiHes uuo e t currcenlou
oucircit
 Pege No. 4
ate

n) He intenails ocidet rackiabin is inciortaaed14

phetoalectricccuTent_occeceAA

Appliadtono
Phetoelectmie_ cella_re sed in Maseca teselecas-
ting scienes
i)Photo cel are LAed jn qouating desceD
alarm ad
]nese ce Ls_aoe also ined in busqlod
inAiealam
3witck »n cwd
iy) hese _cetls ore also uued fo
eefllan Eo esiem audomathcady
 Date

ae beats 2 Dexise a expoaion boa

SheL tua Successive maxima cmd imimma r e egsuL
Sgaced in time

sound
e Ap periedieMeuriahen in loudness (G ntensit)uwhen two
nokssllgktly cliffexotg-quencies_cue sotunced at he
nohta
Same tione ia catle d bects
Coaideaeoo gound wave havinqsame omp litude and
3lightly dillescot ficqueo o eid na
i)_ Let Abe apoiot o H medicu ohee_pe au
in phase
he erdispacement duufo eqch pheauoe atmy
inshta tioe at that peint is geo.cu-
Asn2nat Asio27i
Let bA assume da simplicik -lactt dhe iskeer js a D
Y csio (27 nt) one s 2 asin 7nt)
i)Aczaciing to theprinciple o Supeaositen a

2aen 2nnta)tlcos9 na
2 2
- y uaing mda
Besmangim e above equatim caege
2acesDanntsin2nlntmt
2

i)Let 2acos A Da-

= A sin(2znt)
hi is equatioó a pyessive t e havia
eguenc n omcl armplikde A SIhe teguency
the mean ohfrequenc DL n aivig uwes.
 Rage No.
Date

hile heampitude A vames peniodically wit ime.

in) he lakensiy Ses ppatienal tothe cotasM
Ja amplitude Heoce dhe reSultant:intensity Loil
be maxi.moim hen he ampliiucle ja_maimum
G e Ldasinjod successive wannina_Consttuhe eme
beat
2 Por mdoum_amplitude oax
A t2a
2ases 9nh-na)t

2 2

usime ioteval befoe.en dueo successive moaimaSound!

3alus Hentehe peuiod o heats f3T

he numbe og heahd pén c&cond 1Sfu nociprroco

qpesil ukire Beat gxqbeocH ih umaxio,N0,-D
iheinicnsila 0uncd aaillbe minimem hen A i 0
Coenning
for minimum amplitude_j A : 0,
2a cs2 n O

DP22 2 n)
herelere me tndeniaak indexuab/u deuo sIccessie
mioima is alsQ
 *

RageNa
so Date

he number ni heand pea sec13 u eciprocal

pehioel ing
fexinod o bea

Deat requcocy Na (n D2)

ii Du Campasi t insteinces succesixe um ome
AOLni a u e cme to kno hat da xiog ane uang2g
accualtemately eoith equol equepc
 Pege No
Date

Perne am epresion - r magge tic hnduueFion nez intneeu

len3taaigat Conducte e a i y 0urenl 1ualre
biot Savals law,

i Consicle a sfmaight 0ie o iogda Cain+

Qurent T
distance R-
i) Let a jmiatP situdBed ata pempencliculet
Aomu coira shown beloo

) Cade intiotesimal ent dloi Ca

Aument T un- Ceurgcent elcment Id_
) he_Curent element ie sjhhited s t oliskan(e
paint P makiaq an angle a houon in du
e above
sing Biot=Sasat lau agetieieleliprouced dB
ak_ p_due do_CuwrenE _element 3,dB2 4p Jalsind
-)

vAccoreing dopopehieA cos-Jnde,dl sn indicae

die chim 4dB,in Hug eaaeiA into u plane o
HApaken
i Summing p all_CcULent elemerts_eomh pes half
infinitely
2up2e
i acin aa acceunt ymmeby uart
eleraents inta u louwei hel£ oine lpne z t i L |
alpo e sntribuude h Same O t eppeA hol
 Page a
Dats

Addirg cmiihutdsaem helouc and uppeparhotal

agnethe fietdpeint p
Be 2 de
Tsin esuahind
7

sioO= sio7

+R
Rdl
277

27 C+2
Sving ioBegzution-
AioRx-
2.T1 R2 27R

u eeuatien Aac maposhie eld cat apoint_dikuakedt

a atapespendiculas ditanee Aon intinitely Long uoive_am
 Derive hy
ao expessicra -focreesuae esèxtee byHge
malecule en elis aaine
a)Censidea ecnoademic ja Nmolecalea each havg
a m a kMi0side A_cubCal_con.fasnes Sde
i heaiokcuules egao ale in vandom mahien hey
collide with each othex and also oi he Mallse
conteiner As he celljs1on_are elastic jo Datue
thereis nooss _eneayhu e_chanae in
Momenturm_aecuS

LAmalecule is nvina sil

ielocil ads

i)he melecule gea exert pressure onthe vdalLA

heCootainer due to Hbe collistso en it
Duamgeask collision,he molecule impárt cestein
momentum to he wallDue o tsansfer omeme
tum aastehe uOall expe sience ao continuau
Soce Che forte expevienced pes unit_aaeq o a
wals ecenaioes clefesmine he pressu exezted|
by q CLE is eAseobiat te detezoine the ota
momeam dCunstee d by moleciules in shert le
time
 Page No 10
Date

Amolecule. a mmovig e wta a velocitYV

w omo gent f ) uoih he ight side walu
once we a umeethc{ tucollisen S e lastic, he
fticleochand wih tve
farticte Somespeec onf s -cem
Mcx.on in g e h e Component
- nek aAe re vervsed: IR3
eliy molecule ok eelisim a ( , V)
ea-compbncat ratomeotum o mdeculebetore coll
he a-Cmpone. Nmerskum o olecule

afdex colisiom - O he Changein nementum o

moecoule in o dizectin P P M VA r V 2mv

)Accexcing t-the 1aw g conseation linea mamertu

hecAangenmomentum awall 2 mVa
e numbes molecule hitfing he ktsicde wall
in Small intervel Hme At.
vii e mokcule oiHaio e clistance oVaAt Anm_
igut side well and touavol he igut wtl
hit e wall in e tine is r a At sihe number
mdeaue hat wil hit he rigu
side wall n
aa t iim e
me intervalAt Ieqtual to product of
volume AVAE and pumbeCensituy h molecul
)Here A3 m_aea H alland n is the
Dumbe mele cules pex unit xdume (N
We a have assu methe no density is same
haoLgh
t cube
vi) Not al leo molec ule will move o i mgut side,
aenage om hatE a - O mele cules move Ho
igut aid otuer half -}o uar d Ju left side
noves

r e number e melecule uat hiE Ahe wad in time At.

E0A V At 0)

SI Same fimc At,e 3ofat memertum drarsfexxed byi

Ae mele cules
AP Av Dt x2 2 Av2 mndt - i )
 Bage Vo. 1)
Date

Eom neoton d he changa o momentum in a

smallnberral time giveMse to Aorce
he dorce exèxked by th molecale anu molecule
C magnitude
-
AP mn Avi t)
At

Presune Pe deme_divided by area a

2
uoall

Siote allJu molecuke ore movi epmplekely in a

Madom mannes ey do not have e Some Spaed
So uweCan nepla ce_he wik _wesage, V -
in equatiom (h)
Pnmvi-(
asisassumed o_move_jo a random

diection it has w£errred disection motion.

the ef2cf egroit n a molecule 5 neglecta
CIE implies a t u molecule has Same_ aeae
32eed in al hree diectiom, 9o, v
ke mean squerr speed s wrttes _co VVitV+V
3V

Using Lis e4 in ()ve get

P omv2
elN
3
v

a
 Rage Na
Date

Dene lnear SHMuso differectial atafien lioar S.h

Abtaio expreasiene veleciky asd accele.xatian in lineaSH

obra m alinear .HiM, H Jrce B dizeded Hacand Hmean

pasitien e jis magodtiade is_cdirectij popertiena o|
Hu displacement a e body_sn_nEan pesihon

dhe k is fce Cenataat and ol a displatemenk om

u mean posion
Accdiga de newton T law metian ma-
Paum e4i) ndçi)
ma a z A =(l)
Svelo-city oeticle isgiven
yYda
accelerafion a 2dy-
dt
d

iaSubtikinge4 ti) io e (1)

maa -ko

d t_k O.
olt

Subshtatig k w,uchee o t angula u

s is diaeotial e, llnea 3.H.M

i) ExPRESSION £ARACCELERATION N LINEAR 3HM.
a)Pen difleren Hial e d tun a0 d'z -o
uk ineayaccele>ction s qiven by
a-
 Page Na 14
Date

c)Exs.m.equ Ai)

qati i)ives accele1atim io linea S.tlM

il2ExRÉSSION FoR VELOCITY
Fom aiffevetial eqtiatiy
NLNEARSt
ineavS.HM
M
c a=w3
cte

lt

du -w d Y

vav LO do iN)_

ntegsadin beka side oeqd)

Jvdw wgda
= =(V)_
2

wheee, C s t Constaut oniearatien

c)AEextreme
Sbsituhi uese valuein equ )
2

C oA_ i
2

a) Substituing eqvi) in eq()

2
A- w
2

-A (vi)
uis u equiredexpression Aar velecitq in linca