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Differentiation and Integration Formula

Formula Differentiation and Integration Formula

Reviewed by: Rama Sharma

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Introduction

Differentiation and Integration are both quite crucial concepts in

calculus which are typically used to learn the change. Calculus
is not only restricted to mathematics but has a huge array of
applications in various domains of science as well as the
economy. Also, we may be able to spot calculus in establishing
an analysis in finance as well as in the stock market. In this
chapter, we will study some differentiation and integration
formula with examples besides the interesting concept!

(Image will be uploaded soon)

Find below some of the basic formulas of differentiation and

integration.

Differentiation and Integration Formulas

Differentiation Formulas Integration Formulas

1.\[\frac{d}{dx}(x) = 1\] 1.\[∫1dx = x + C\]

2.\[\frac{d}{dx}(ax) = a\] 2.\[∫adx = ax + C\]

3.\[\frac{d}{dx} 3.\[∫x^ndx=\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} +
(x^n)=nx^{n−1}\] C, n ≠ -1\]
 4.\[\frac{d}{dx}(cosx) = -
4.\[∫sinxdx = -cosx + C\]
sinx\]

5.\[\frac{d}{dx}(sinx) =
5.\[∫cosxdx = sinx + C\]
cosx\]

6.\[\frac{d}{dx}
6.\[∫sec^{2}xdx = tanx + C\]
(tanx)=sec^{2}x\]

7.\[\frac{d}{dx}
7.\[∫csc^{2}xdx = - cotx + C\]
(cotx)=−csc^{2}\]

8.\[\frac{d}{dx}(secx) =
8.\[∫secx(tanx)dx=secx + C \]
secx tanx\]

9.\[\frac{d}{dx}(cscx) = -
9.\[∫cscx(cotx)dx=−cscx + C \]
cscx(cotx) \]

10.\[\frac{d}{dx}
10.\[∫\frac{1}{x} dx = ln |x| + C \]
(lnx)=\frac{1}{x}\]

11.\[\frac{d}{dx}(ex)=e^{x}\] 11.\[∫e^{x}dx=e^x + C \]

12.\[\frac{d}{dx}(a^x)= 12.\[∫a^xdx= \frac{a^x}{lna} + C, a

(lna)a^x\] > 0, a≠ 1\]

13.\[\frac{d}{dx}
13. \[\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} dx
(sin^{−1}x)=\frac{1}
= sin^{-1}x + C \]
{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\]

14.\[\frac{d}{dx}
14.\[∫\frac{1}{1+x^2}dx=tan^{−1}x
(tan^{−1}x)=\frac{1}
+ C\]
{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\]

15.\[\frac{d}{dx} 15.\[∫\frac{1}
(sec^{−1}x)=\frac{1} {|x|\sqrt{x^2−1}}dx=sec^{−1}x +
{|x|\sqrt{x^2−1}}\] C\]

What is Differentiation in Maths?

The mathematical concept of Differentiation facilitates us to find
rates of change. For example, it enables us to detect the rate of
change of velocity with respect to time (called the acceleration).
In addition, It also enables us to find the rate of change of x with
reference to y, which graphically at y against x is the gradient of
the curve. There are a set of simple rules which can be used in
order to differentiate a number of functions easily.

If y = some function of x, then the derivative of y (in respect to x)

is written as dy/dx.

For Example: Find out the gradient of the curve y = 2x 4 at the

point (4, 56)?
Using the formula, dy/dx = 8 x2

When x = 4, dy/dx = 8 × 7 = 56.

What is Integration in Mathematics?

Integration is a mathematical technique to find a function g(x)
the derivative of which, Dg(x), is equivalent to a provided
function f(x). This is denoted by the integral sign “∫,” or ∫f(x),
generally termed the indefinite integral of the function. The sign
dx denotes a displacement of an infinitesimal along x; therefore
∫f(x) dx becomes the aggregate sum of the product of f(x) and
b
dx. The definite integral is written as: - “∫a

With ‘a’ and ‘b’ referred to the limits of integration, is equivalent

(=) to g(b) − g(a), where Dg(x) = f(x).

Usefulness of Integration
Integration is a mathematical approach of adding slices to find
the whole. Applying the theory of Integration, we are able to
easily find areas, volumes, median points of many useful
figures. That said, it is still simplest to start with finding the area
under the curve of a function like one below:

(Image will be uploaded soon)

Differentiation Under the Integral Sign

Differentiation under the integral sign is an algebraic operation
in calculus that is performed in order to assess certain integrals.
Under a reasonably loose situation on the function being
integrated, this operation enables us to swap the order of
integration and differentiation. In its simplified version, called the
Leibniz integral rule, differentiation under the integral sign
models the ensuing equation legitimate under the formula on:

\[\frac{d}{dt} \int^{b}_{a} f(x,t)dx = \int^{b}_{a} \partial_{t} f(x,t)dx\]

The Usefulness of Differentiation under the Integral

Sign
Many integrals that would otherwise be impracticable or need a
substantially more complex approach can be solved by this
method.

Differentiation under the integral sign rule can be used to

assess the certain unusual definite integrals such as given
below:

\[I’(b) \frac{d}{db} \int^{1}_{0} \frac{x^{b}-1}{In{x}}dx \]

\[\frac{d}{db} \int^{1}_{0} \frac{x^b-1}{In(x)} = = \int^{1}_{0}

\frac{\partial}{\partial{b}}\frac{x^b -1}{In(x)} \]
\[I’(b) = \int^1_0 \frac{In(x)x^b}{In(x)} dx\]

Solved Examples For You

Example1: Differentiate the given functions

\[Y = \sqrt[3]{x^2}{(2x-x^2)}\]

Solution1:

In the given function we would not be able to just differentiate

the 1st term, and then differentiate the 2 nd term and multiply the
two together. This would just NOT work win the case given.
However, it is still possible to perform the derivative of this
function. All we are supposed to do is convert the radical into
fractional exponents and multiply this across the parenthesis.

\[Y = x^{\frac{2}{3}}(2x-x^2) = 2x^{\frac{5}{3}} -x^{\frac{8}

{3}}\] Here, we can differentiate the function

\[Y^{1} = \frac{10}{3} x^{\frac{2}{3}} - \frac{8}{3}x^{\frac{5}{3}}\]

Example2: Find out if the given equation

\[f(x) = 2x^3+ \frac{300}{x^{-3}}+4 \]rising, reducing or not

changing at x= −2?

Solution2:

We are already aware that the rate of change of a function is

provided by the derivative of the function. Thus all we are
supposed to do is to rewrite the function. Rewriting the function
is required in order to deal with the 2nd term and then take the
derivative.

\[f(x) = 2x^3+ \frac{300}{x^{-3}}+4\] → \[f^{1} (x) = 6x^{2} -

900^{x^{-4}} = 6x^{2} - \frac{900}{x^{4}}\]

Remember that had rewritten the last term in the derivative back
as a fraction.

This is not something we’ve performed up to this step and is

only being done here to help with the assessment in the next
step. Note that it’s often simpler to do the assessment with
positive exponents.

So, upon assessing the derivative we now obtain,

\[f^{1} (-2) = 6(4) -\frac{900}{16} = -\frac{129}{4} = -32.25\]

Thus, at x = −2, the derivative turns out to be negative and,

hence, the function is decreasing at x = −2
FAQs on Differentiation and Integration Formula

1. What is Meant by Integration by Parts?

Integration by parts is a unique mathematical technique of
integration which is most commonly used when two functions are
multiplied together but is also quite useful in other ways. It is
actually a technique of using incorporating the product rule in
reverse. Below is the rule of Integration by Parts:

(Image will be uploaded soon)

Where, u is the function, denoted by u(x)

v is the function, denoted by v(x)
u' is the derivative of the function, denoted by u(x)
Moreover,
The formula for Integration by Parts is as given:-
∫u dv = u. v −∫v du

2. How do we Find the Derivative?

3. What is the use of setting limits tending to

zero in differentiation?

4. What is the difference between definite and

indefinite integration?

5. What is integration by parts?

6. What is the use of differentiation in three-

dimensional coordinate geometry while
determining slopes of a function?

7. I am facing trouble while dealing with the

exercises of differentiation and integration,
what shall I do?

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