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Differentiation and Integration Formula

Formula Differentiation and Integration Formula

Reviewed by: Rama Sharma

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Introduction

Differentiation and Integration are both quite crucial concepts in calculus which are
typically used to learn the change. Calculus is not only restricted to mathematics but has a
huge array of applications in various domains of science as well as the economy. Also, we
may be able to spot calculus in establishing an analysis in finance as well as in the stock
market. In this chapter, we will study some differentiation and integration formula with
examples besides the interesting concept!

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Find below some of the basic formulas of differentiation and integration.

Differentiation and Integration Formulas

Differentiation Formulas Integration Formulas

1.\[\frac{d}{dx}(x) = 1\] 1.\[∫1dx = x + C\]

2.\[\frac{d}{dx}(ax) = a\] 2.\[∫adx = ax + C\]

3.\[\frac{d}{dx}(x^n)=nx^{n−1}\] 3.\[∫x^ndx=\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C, n ≠ -1\]

4.\[\frac{d}{dx}(cosx) = -sinx\] 4.\[∫sinxdx = -cosx + C\]

5.\[\frac{d}{dx}(sinx) = cosx\] 5.\[∫cosxdx = sinx + C\]

6.\[\frac{d}{dx}(tanx)=sec^{2}x\] 6.\[∫sec^{2}xdx = tanx + C\]

 7.\[\frac{d}{dx}(cotx)=−csc^{2}\] 7.\[∫csc^{2}xdx = - cotx + C\]

8.\[\frac{d}{dx}(secx) = secx tanx\] 8.\[∫secx(tanx)dx=secx + C \]

9.\[\frac{d}{dx}(cscx) = -cscx(cotx) \] 9.\[∫cscx(cotx)dx=−cscx + C \]

10.\[\frac{d}{dx}(lnx)=\frac{1}{x}\] 10.\[∫\frac{1}{x} dx = ln |x| + C \]

11.\[\frac{d}{dx}(ex)=e^{x}\] 11.\[∫e^{x}dx=e^x + C \]

12.\[∫a^xdx= \frac{a^x}{lna} + C, a > 0, a≠

12.\[\frac{d}{dx}(a^x)=(lna)a^x\]
1\]

13.\[\frac{d}{dx}(sin^{−1}x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1- 13. \[\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} dx =

x^2}}\] sin^{-1}x + C \]

14.\[\frac{d}{dx}(tan^{−1}x)=\frac{1}
14.\[∫\frac{1}{1+x^2}dx=tan^{−1}x + C\]
{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\]

15.\[\frac{d}{dx}(sec^{−1}x)=\frac{1} 15.\[∫\frac{1}{|x|\sqrt{x^2−1}}dx=sec^{−1}x
{|x|\sqrt{x^2−1}}\] + C\]

What is Differentiation in Maths?

The mathematical concept of Differentiation facilitates us to find rates of change. For
example, it enables us to detect the rate of change of velocity with respect to time (called
the acceleration). In addition, It also enables us to find the rate of change of x with
reference to y, which graphically at y against x is the gradient of the curve. There are a set
of simple rules which can be used in order to differentiate a number of functions easily.

If y = some function of x, then the derivative of y (in respect to x) is written as dy/dx.

For Example: Find out the gradient of the curve y = 2x4 at the point (4, 56)?

Using the formula, dy/dx = 8 x2

When x = 4, dy/dx = 8 × 7 = 56.

What is Integration in Mathematics?

Integration is a mathematical technique to find a function g(x) the derivative of which,
Dg(x), is equivalent to a provided function f(x). This is denoted by the integral sign “∫,” or
∫f(x), generally termed the indefinite integral of the function. The sign dx denotes a
displacement of an infinitesimal along x; therefore ∫f(x) dx becomes the aggregate sum of
the product of f(x) and dx. The definite integral is written as: - “∫ab

With ‘a’ and ‘b’ referred to the limits of integration, is equivalent (=) to g(b) − g(a), where
Dg(x) = f(x).

Usefulness of Integration
Integration is a mathematical approach of adding slices to find the whole. Applying the
theory of Integration, we are able to easily find areas, volumes, median points of many
useful figures. That said, it is still simplest to start with finding the area under the curve of a
function like one below:

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Differentiation Under the Integral Sign

Differentiation under the integral sign is an algebraic operation in calculus that is
performed in order to assess certain integrals. Under a reasonably loose situation on the
function being integrated, this operation enables us to swap the order of integration and
differentiation. In its simplified version, called the Leibniz integral rule, differentiation under
the integral sign models the ensuing equation legitimate under the formula on:

\[\frac{d}{dt} \int^{b}_{a} f(x,t)dx = \int^{b}_{a} \partial_{t} f(x,t)dx\]

The Usefulness of Differentiation under the Integral Sign

Many integrals that would otherwise be impracticable or need a substantially more
complex approach can be solved by this method.

Differentiation under the integral sign rule can be used to assess the certain unusual
definite integrals such as given below:

\[I’(b) \frac{d}{db} \int^{1}_{0} \frac{x^{b}-1}{In{x}}dx \]

\[\frac{d}{db} \int^{1}_{0} \frac{x^b-1}{In(x)} = = \int^{1}_{0} \frac{\partial}

{\partial{b}}\frac{x^b -1}{In(x)} \]

\[I’(b) = \int^1_0 \frac{In(x)x^b}{In(x)} dx\]

Solved Examples For You

Example1: Differentiate the given functions

\[Y = \sqrt[3]{x^2}{(2x-x^2)}\]

Solution1:

In the given function we would not be able to just differentiate the 1st term, and then
differentiate the 2nd term and multiply the two together. This would just NOT work win the
case given. However, it is still possible to perform the derivative of this function. All we are
supposed to do is convert the radical into fractional exponents and multiply this across the
parenthesis.

\[Y = x^{\frac{2}{3}}(2x-x^2) = 2x^{\frac{5}{3}} -x^{\frac{8}{3}}\]

Here, we can differentiate the function

\[Y^{1} = \frac{10}{3} x^{\frac{2}{3}} - \frac{8}{3}x^{\frac{5}{3}}\]

Example2: Find out if the given equation

\[f(x) = 2x^3+ \frac{300}{x^{-3}}+4 \]rising, reducing or not changing at x= −2?

Solution2:

We are already aware that the rate of change of a function is provided by the derivative of
the function. Thus all we are supposed to do is to rewrite the function. Rewriting the
function is required in order to deal with the 2nd term and then take the derivative.

\[f(x) = 2x^3+ \frac{300}{x^{-3}}+4\] → \[f^{1} (x) = 6x^{2} - 900^{x^{-4}} = 6x^{2} - \frac{900}

{x^{4}}\]

Remember that had rewritten the last term in the derivative back as a fraction.

This is not something we’ve performed up to this step and is only being done here to help
with the assessment in the next step. Note that it’s often simpler to do the assessment with
positive exponents.

So, upon assessing the derivative we now obtain,

\[f^{1} (-2) = 6(4) -\frac{900}{16} = -\frac{129}{4} = -32.25\]

Thus, at x = −2, the derivative turns out to be negative and, hence, the function is
decreasing at x = −2

FAQs on Differentiation and Integration Formula

1. What is Meant by Integration by Parts?
Integration by parts is a unique mathematical technique of integration which is most commonly used when two
functions are multiplied together but is also quite useful in other ways. It is actually a technique of using
incorporating the product rule in reverse. Below is the rule of Integration by Parts:

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Where, u is the function, denoted by u(x)

v is the function, denoted by v(x)
u' is the derivative of the function, denoted by u(x)
Moreover,
The formula for Integration by Parts is as given:-
∫u dv = u. v −∫v du

2. How do we Find the Derivative?

3. What is the use of setting limits tending to zero in differentiation?

4. What is the difference between definite and indefinite integration?

5. What is integration by parts?

6. What is the use of differentiation in three-dimensional coordinate geometry

while determining slopes of a function?

7. I am facing trouble while dealing with the exercises of differentiation and

integration, what shall I do?

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