Java and Python Programs

Name : Shanmuga Nathan Manavalan

Reg.no : RA2311030050031
Subject code : 21CSC203P
Subject name : Advanced Programming Practice
Question 1:
Study of Programming Paradigms(Control Structures Using Java)
Solution:
public class ControlStructures {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int number = 10;

// if-else example
if (number % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(number + " is even.");
} else {
System.out.println(number + " is odd.");
}

// for loop example

System.out.println("For Loop:");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}

// while loop example

System.out.println("While Loop:");
int j = 0;
while (j < 5) {
System.out.println(j);
j++;
}

// switch example
int day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Other day");
break;
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 2:
Comparative Analysis between programming Paradigms
1. Declarative Vs Imperative
2. Object Vs Procedural
3. Logic Vs Functional
Solution:
1. Declarative
import java.util.Arrays;

public class DeclarativeExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = Arrays.stream(new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}).sum();
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}
Declarative Output:

Imperative
public class ImperativeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int sum = 0;
for (int number : numbers) {
sum += number;
}
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}
Imperative Output:

2. Object :
// Object-Oriented example
class Calculator {
public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
}

public class ObjectOrientedExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
int result = calculator.add(2, 3);
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}
}
Object Output:

Procedural :
// Procedural example
public class ProceduralExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = add(2, 3);
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}

public static int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;
}
}

Procedure output:

3. Logic :
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class LogicExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
List<Integer> evenNumbers = new ArrayList<>();

for (int number : numbers) {

if (isEven(number)) { // Logic: Only select even numbers
evenNumbers.add(number);
}
}

System.out.println("Even Numbers (Logic-Based): " + evenNumbers);

}

// Rule definition for even numbers

public static boolean isEven(int number) {
return number % 2 == 0;
}
}

Logic output:
Functional:
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class FunctionalExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);

// Functional approach with streams and lambda expression

List<Integer> evenNumbers = numbers.stream()
.filter(number -> number % 2 == 0) // Lambda expression
for even check
.collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Even Numbers (Functional-Based): " +

evenNumbers);
}
}

Functional output:
Question 3:
Simple JAVA Programs to implement functions
Solution:
public class SimpleFunctions {
public static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

public static int subtract(int a, int b) {

return a - b;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Addition: " + add(5, 3));
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + subtract(5, 3));
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 4:
Simple JAVA Programs with Class and Objects
Solution:
class Student {
String name;
int age;

Student(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}

void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student("Alice", 20);
student.display();
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 5:
Implement JA VA program using polymorphism
Solution:
class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {

void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

public class PolymorphismExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal myAnimal = new Dog(); // Polymorphism
myAnimal.sound(); // Calls Dog's sound method
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 6:
Implement JAVA program using Inheritance
Solution:
class Person {
String name;

void showName() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
}
}

class Employee extends Person {

int employeeId;

void showEmployeeId() {
System.out.println("Employee ID: " + employeeId);
}
}

public class InheritanceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.name = "Bob";
emp.employeeId = 101;
emp.showName();
emp.showEmployeeId();
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 7:
Simple JAVA Programs to implement thread
Solution:
import java.lang.Thread;
class Thread1 extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread1 is running");
}
}

class Thread2 extends Thread {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread2 is running");
}
}

public class ThreadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread1 t1 = new Thread1();
Thread2 t2 = new Thread2();
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 8:
Simple JAVA Programs with Java Data Base Connectivity (JDBC)
Solution:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class JDBCExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase",
"user", "password");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
String sql = "CREATE TABLE Students (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, Name
VARCHAR(50))";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("Table created");
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 9:
Form Design with applet and Swing using JAVA
Solution:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class FormDesign {

public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Form");
JLabel label = new JLabel("Name:");
JTextField textField = new JTextField(20);
JButton button = new JButton("Submit");

frame.add(label);
frame.add(textField);
frame.add(button);
frame.setLayout(new java.awt.FlowLayout());
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);

button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String name = textField.getText();
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
}
});
}
}
OUTPUT:
Question 10:
Simple Python Program to implement functions
Solution:
def add(a, b):
return a + b

def subtract(a, b):

return a - b

def multiply(a, b):

return a * b

def divide(a, b):

return a / b if b != 0 else "Cannot divide by zero"

# Test the functions

print("Addition:", add(5, 3))
print("Subtraction:", subtract(5, 3))
print("Multiplication:", multiply(5, 3))
print("Division:", divide(5, 3))

OUTPUT:
Question 11:
Python program using control structures and arrays
Solution:
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
even_numbers = []
odd_numbers = []

for number in numbers:

if number % 2 == 0:
even_numbers.append(number)
else:
odd_numbers.append(number)

print("Even Numbers:", even_numbers)

print("Odd Numbers:", odd_numbers)

OUTPUT:
Question 12:
Implement Python program - TCP/UDP program using Sockets
Solution:
TCP server:
import socket

def tcp_server():
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind(("192.168.31.116", 2224)) # Use server's local
IP address
server_socket.listen(1)
print("TCP Server is listening on port 2224...")

conn, addr = server_socket.accept()

print(f"Connection from {addr}")

while True:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
print("Received from client:", data.decode())
conn.sendall(b"Message received")

conn.close()
server_socket.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
tcp_server()

OUTPUT:
TCP client:
import socket

def tcp_client():
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client_socket.connect(("192.168.31.116", 2224)) # Connect to
server's local IP

try:
message = "Hello, TCP Server!"
client_socket.sendall(message.encode())

response = client_socket.recv(1024)
print("Received from server:", response.decode())
finally:
client_socket.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
tcp_client()

OUTPUT:
UDP server:
import socket

def udp_server():
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
server_socket.bind(("192.168.31.116", 2224)) # Use server's local
IP address
print("UDP Server is listening on port 12345...")

while True:
data, addr = server_socket.recvfrom(1024)
print(f"Received from {addr}: {data.decode()}")
server_socket.sendto(b"Message received", addr)

if __name__ == "__main__":
udp_server()

OUTPUT:

UDP client:
import socket

def udp_client():
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
server_address = ("192.168.31.116", 2224) # Use server's local IP
address

message = "Hello, UDP Server!"

client_socket.sendto(message.encode(), server_address)

data, _ = client_socket.recvfrom(1024)
print("Received from server:", data.decode())

client_socket.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
udp_client()

OUTPUT:
Question 13:
Construct NFA and DFA using Python
Solution:
Non-deterministic Finite Automaton(NFA)
def nfa_accepts(string):
current_states = {0} # Start with initial state 0
for char in string:
next_states = set()
for state in current_states:
if state == 0:
if char == '0':
next_states.update([0, 1]) # Stay in 0 or move to
1
elif char == '1':
next_states.add(0) # Stay in 0 on '1'
elif state == 1:
if char == '1':
next_states.add(2) # Move to accepting state 2
current_states = next_states

return 2 in current_states # Accept if any current state is 2

# Test the NFA

test_string = "1101"
print(f"NFA accepts '{test_string}':", nfa_accepts(test_string))

OUTPUT:
Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA)
def dfa_accepts(string):
state = 0 # Start state
for char in string:
if state == 0:
state = 1 if char == '0' else 0
elif state == 1:
state = 2 if char == '1' else 1
elif state == 2:
state = 1 if char == '0' else 0
return state == 2 # Accept if in state 2

# Test the DFA

test_string = "1101"
print(f"DFA accepts '{test_string}':", dfa_accepts(test_string))

OUTPUT:
Question 14:
Implement a Python program for the algebraic manipulations using
symbolicparadigm
Solution:
from sympy import symbols, expand, factor

# Define symbolic variables

x, y = symbols('x y')

# Algebraic manipulation
expression = (x + y)**2

expanded_expr = expand(expression)
factored_expr = factor(expanded_expr)

print("Original Expression:", expression)

print("Expanded Expression:", expanded_expr)
print("Factored Expression:", factored_expr)

OUTPUT:
Question 15:
Simple Python programs to implement event handling
Solution:
import tkinter as tk

def on_button_click():
print("Button clicked!")

# Create the main window

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Event Handling Example")

# Create a button and bind the click event

button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me", command=on_button_click)
button.pack()

# Run the event loop

window.mainloop()

OUTPUT: