Fin455 Square Pharma Relative Valuation
Fin455 Square Pharma Relative Valuation
Fin455 Square Pharma Relative Valuation
Assignment Submitted By
MD. ABRAR FAHIM 2131099630
SAMAYLA MAHJABIN KOISHY 2031272030
SARAH MARZIA 2021520630
ZENAN ZAHID 2031259630
NUSRAT JAHAN SUMAIYA 2111165630
Submitted to:
MIRZA M. FERDOUS (MzF)
Senior Lecturer
Department of Accounting and Finance
North South University
Table of Content
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Square Pharma Overview
Libaility Management
Financial Leverage
Asset Utilization
Profitability
Market Ratios
Next Page
Consolidated Statement of Financial Performance
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY
Gross Revenue 50,866,867,352 52,926,218,655 58,346,258,281
Less: Value Added Tax 6,833,233,083 7,049,769,814 7,643,229,379
Net Revenue 44,033,634,269 45,876,448,841 50,703,028,902
Cost of Goods Sold 22,091,384,351 22,536,669,960 24,800,035,555
Gross Profit 21,942,249,918 23,339,778,881 25,902,993,347
Selling and Distribution Expenses 6,603,747,456 7,382,790,764 8,564,472,484
Administrative Expenses 1,195,968,389 1,226,459,468 1,216,931,589
Finance Cost 84,716 107,090 13,443
Operating Expenses: 7,799,800,561 8,609,357,322 9,781,417,516
Other Operating Income - - 136,358,713
Profit from Operations (EBIT) 14,142,449,357 14,730,421,559 16,257,934,544
Other Income 2,310,360,094 3,126,430,063 3,348,769,031
Profit before WPPF & WF 16,452,809,451 17,856,851,622 19,606,703,575
Allocation for WPPF & WF 791,921,561 859,269,098 937,796,627
Profit before Tax 15,660,887,890 16,997,582,524 18,668,906,948
Current Tax (Expense) 3,876,979,330 4,251,005,177 4,187,481,946
Deferred Tax (Expense) / Income 63,213,721 (21,596,852) (174,814,014)
Income Tax Expenses: 3,940,193,051 4,229,408,325 4,012,667,932
Profit after Tax 11,720,694,839 12,768,174,199 14,656,239,016
Profit from Associate Undertakings 931,706,302 586,239,690 1,291,211,707
Net Profit after Tax 12,652,401,141 13,354,413,889 15,947,450,723
Number of Shares outstanding 844,239,058 844,239,058 886,451,010
Earnings Per Share (EPS) 14.99 15.82 17.99
IT'S FAIR & SQUARE
Performance
2022 FY 2023 FY
66,406,959,950 72,335,373,485
8,809,018,591 9,587,690,621
57,597,941,359 62,747,682,864
27,958,026,980 31,772,093,300
29,639,914,379 30,975,589,564
10,439,270,466 11,814,288,167
1,402,254,167 1,535,991,115
29,757 118,966,779
11,841,554,390 13,469,246,061
618,117,149 715,324,751
18,416,477,138 18,221,668,254
3,388,186,190 3,957,254,921
21,804,663,328 22,178,923,175
1,051,227,994 1,079,571,975
20,753,435,334 21,099,351,200
4,618,549,626 4,787,632,217
(11,486,354) (145,907,794)
4,607,063,272 4,641,724,423
16,146,372,062 16,457,626,777
2,010,807,588 2,522,514,119
18,157,179,650 18,980,140,896
886,451,010 886,451,010
20.48 21.41
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY
Inventories 4,596,512,673 5,687,406,329 7,245,396,928
Trade and Other Receivables 1,561,818,167 1,520,300,337 2,916,178,759
Advances, Deposits and Prepayments 2,312,201,184 2,560,646,884 1,550,765,014
Short Term Deposits 2,937,071,066 4,885,090,120
Cash and Cash Equivalents 27,004,038,946 32,233,314,319 43,364,039,004
Current Assets 38,411,642,036 46,886,757,989 55,076,379,705
Property, Plant and Equipment 20,853,956,270 20,567,202,390 22,884,103,636
Investment in Associates 9,211,605,860 4,204,950,666 11,046,387,772
Investment in Marketable Securities 3,013,439,734 2,691,892,867 4,624,331,706
Long Term Investment - Others 655,408,674 3,590,200,311
Non Current Assets 33,734,410,538 27,464,045,923 42,145,023,425
TOTAL ASSETS 72,146,052,574 74,350,803,912 97,221,403,130
Share Capital 7,890,084,660 8,442,390,580 8,864,510,100
Share Premium 2,035,465,000 2,035,465,000 2,035,465,000
General Reserve 105,878,200 105,878,200 105,878,200
Fair Value Reserve 1,139,626,144
Tax Holiday Reserve 2,211,743,936 2,211,743,936
Translation Reserve -939,072 -285,055
FVOIC Reserve 145,585,283 -392,805,723
Retained Earnings 55,492,799,165 57,507,130,053 80,518,589,329
Non Controlling Interests 500,000
TOTAL EQUITY 67,880,617,172 69,909,802,046 92,664,283,718
Long Term Loan - Current Portion
Trade Payables 716,988,428 541,067,905 654,373,877
Other Payables 239,913,331 2,228,332,123 1,393,295,159
Current Tax Liabilities 572,675,072
Accrued Expenses 2,014,186,770 128,241,317 183,049,079
Unclaimed Dividend 330,431,723 375,165,739
Current Liabilities 2,971,088,529 3,228,073,068 3,178,558,926
Long Term Loan 103,707,469
Deferred Tax Liabilities 1,294,346,873 1,212,928,798 1,274,853,017
Non-Current Liabilities 1,294,346,873 1,212,928,798 1,378,560,486
TOTAL LIABILITIES 4,265,435,402 4,441,001,866 4,557,119,412
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 72,146,052,574 74,350,803,912 97,221,403,130
Net Assets Value (NAV) per Share 80.40 82.81 104.53
cial Position
2022 FY 2023 FY
8,214,111,145 12,227,198,105
3,395,080,462 6,122,294,097
1,776,037,947 2,043,302,498
48,962,498,334 50,094,321,854
62,347,727,888 70,487,116,554
27,182,672,428 26,058,821,899
12,874,322,006 15,076,807,755
4,346,770,865 4,589,867,031
5,006,376,080 5,603,691,927
49,410,141,379 51,329,188,612
111,757,869,267 121,816,305,166
8,864,510,100 8,864,510,100
2,035,465,000 2,035,465,000
105,878,200 105,878,200
830,615,740 734,507,296
133,398,880
8,998,071 -16,905,546
93,357,093,287 103,339,085,459
469,632 709,376
105,203,030,030 115,196,648,765
200,000,000 618,609,472
625,984,907 1,001,758,842
1,613,900,866 1,877,962,326
911,504,873 356,095,553
180,802,108 215,721,733
129,636,029 158,997,790
3,661,828,783 4,229,145,716
1,714,270,164 1,368,356,905
1,178,740,290 1,022,153,780
2,893,010,454 2,390,510,685
6,554,839,237 6,619,656,401
111,757,869,267 121,816,305,166
118.68 129.95
Consolidated Statement of Cashflow
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY
Cash flows from Operating Activities
Receipts:
Collection From Sales 51,074,051,570 52,909,065,970
Exchange Fluctuation Gain 4,868,172 2,216,358
Others 82,804,049 33,621,327
51,161,723,791 52,944,903,655
Payments:
Purchase of raw and packaging materials 15,619,769,171 17,024,316,320
Manufacturing and operating expenses 11,773,729,181 13,446,602,730
Value added tax 6,833,233,083 7,049,769,814
Finance Cost 95,196 107,090
Income Tax Expense 3,565,244,457 3,830,869,094
Workers Profit Participation Fund 867,481,244 802,781,404
Others 110,378,188 29,685,266
38,769,930,520 42,184,131,718
Net cash generated from operating activities 12,391,793,271 10,760,771,937
Cashflow
2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
tivities
tivities
-3,798,315,053 -6,183,191,295 -2,824,248,019
80,127,085 130,700,166 78,331,531
0
-961,468,167 -1,416,175,769 -597,315,847
0
4,884,338,757 213,339,812 -260,698,045
88,940,302
2,893,486,926 2,890,660,506 3,874,913,010
419,626,799 395,011,790 552,966,126
3606736649 -3969654790 823948756
tivities
500,000
103,707,469 1,810,562,694 72,696,213
-3,967,923,573 -5,301,732,420 -8,802,918,480
-262503350 -32229859
-3863716104 -3753673076 -8762452126
66 44050 43932 44230 44293 44419 44745 44749 44784 45080 45237 45118
Quick Ratio Time Series: The Quick Ratio of Sqaurepharma also shows a parallel pa
Quick Ratio their current ratio. A quick ratio measures the short term debt paying ability of a
most liquid assets. Squarephama maintains a sufficiently large quick ratio (1
16.00 15.05 14.78 average) as well. That means their short term debt paying ability is not compr
14.00
13.78 without considering their inventories. They are still better off to meet their cu
12.76 obligations even with their most liquid assets. This further indicates that they
12.00 11.38 opportunity to increase their short term debt (if needed) because of the excess
10.00
offer.
Industry Comparison: In the pharmaceuticals industry, the average cash ratio
8.00 years has been 1.28. Hence, Squarepharma is sitting with idle excess liquid assets
6.00
its peers. Although its a good sign to have sufficient liquidity but significant am
liquid assets are showing their current assets are underutilzed.
4.00
2.00
0.00
2019 2020 FY FY2021
FY 2020 FYFY
2021 2022
2022FY
FY 2023 FY
2023 FY
Cash Ratio Time Series: The Cash Ratio is around 12x on average for Squarephar
Cash Ratio shows the ability to pay off their short term debt with only cash & cash
16.00
Squarepharma has retianed enough cash reserve against their current short term
Industry Comparison: Pharmaceuticals industry on average had a cash
14.00 13.64 13.37 for the last 5 years and squarepharma is way above its peers. So, in case of their c
11.85 all of their rights they would very sufficiently pay off those obligation just from the
12.00
they have.
9.99
10.00 9.09
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
pharmaceutcial's current ratio kept rising
heir liability management capabilites had
had arround 12 to 17 times more current
in 2022 and 2023 there was a slight decline
eting their liability obligations reluctantly if
lso goes to show that they have the
ties and they would still have significantly
dustry Comparison: In the pharmaceuticals
ars has been 1.48 so it is another clear sign
t assets compared to their current liability.
y to increase their liabilities if needed since
up for that liability claim. This is a good
Net Financial
-27004038946 -32233314319 -43260331535 -47048228170 -48107355477
Debt
Industry Avg -
Times Interest Earned Ratio= Earnings Before Interest and Taxes/ Interest Expense
Profit from
Operations (EBIT) 14142449357 14730421559 16257934544 18416477138 18221668254
Industry Avg
7.00% Debt Ratio: Squarepharma has a very significantly low amount o
Debt Ratio structure. On average 5% of their assets are debt finance which
5.91% 5.87%
6.00% 5.97%
5.43%
their assets are equity financed. Although Debt is cheaper tha
potentially give them leverage still their capital structure
5.00% 4.69% financed. Overall, the company's long-term solvency looks fa
4.00%
conservative approach to go with a safer option with equity fina
eventually costlier than debt financing. The industry on av
3.00% component of debt financing (about 28%)
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
-30000000000
-32233314319
-40000000000
-43260331535
-47048228170
-50000000000
-48107355477
-60000000000
18.00
Times Interest Earned Ratio: Squarepharma had an average TIE
17.86 TIE RATIO the course of 5 years, indicating that the company could pay
17.80 earnings and still retain a significant portion as their EBT (after co
17.60 17.52
17.40 17.34
17.20 17.14
17.00 16.88
16.80
16.60
16.40
16.20
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
significantly low amount of debt in their capital
ets are debt finance which implies about 95% of
hough Debt is cheaper than equity which could
their capital structure is dominantly equity
ng-term solvency looks favourable and it is a
afer option with equity financing more but this is
cing. The industry on avg runs on a higher
8%)
6.00
Inventory Turnover= Cost of Goods Sold/Inventory Inventory
5.00 4.81
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
3.96
4.00
Cost of Goods Sold 22091384351 22536669960 24800035555 27958026980 31772093300
3.00
2.00
Inventories 4596512673 5687406329 7245396928 8214111145 12227198105
1.00
Inventory
4.81 3.96 3.42 3.40 2.60
Turnover 2019
0.00 FY
2019 FY 2020 FY 2
Industry Avg 7.80
Average Collection Period= Accounts Recievable/Average Sales Per Day 40.00 Average Col
35.00
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
30.00
Accounts 1,561,818,167 1,520,300,337 2,916,178,759 3,395,080,462 6,122,294,097 25.00
Recievable
20.00
5.00
Average
12.95 12.10 20.99 21.51 35.61
Collection Period 0.00
2019 FY 2020 FY
Industry Avg 24.60 2019 FY
The asset turnover ratio is an indication of how effectively a business uses its a
Asset Turnover income. They measure efficiency of the assets employed. Based on the calculatio
64.00%
that the total asset turnover for Square Pharma was 0.61 and in the following ye
61.70% a slight increase to 0.62. However, from the year 2021 to 2023, the the turnover h
62.00% 61.03% to 0.52 and remained constant till 2023. The overall decrease in asset turnover
60.00% assets are not being utilized to their full potential as before. We can see that a
58.00% by sales increased as well as total assets. However, It's possible that the busin
56.00%
onto extra assets that aren't making a big difference in sales and mostly be
(underutilized).
54.00%
52.15% 51.54% 51.51%
52.00%
50.00%
48.00%
46.00%
20192020
FY 2020
FY FY 2021
2021 FY FY2022
2022FYFY 2023
2023FY
FY
6.00 Inventory turnover ratio illustrates how frequently a business rotates its stock in
Inventory Turnover cost of goods sold (COGS) during a specific time frame. Looking at the data in the
5.00 4.81 inventory turnover was 4.81 times which was the highest in the 5 year time per
then, in 2020, it came down to 3.96 times and in and in 2021, the trendline wa
3.96 3.42. Similartly, in 2022, they had a slight decrease to 3.40 times and finally
4.00
3.42 3.40 company had a drastic downfall to 2.60 times only. Based on the overall data, as
turnover has a declining trendline,we can assume that it's taking them longe
3.00 2.60 inventory into sales. Overstock: It's also possible that the business is mere
excessive amount of stock on hand. This can be the result of erroneou
2.00 overproduction.
1.00
40.00
Average collection period describes how long it takes a company to get paym
Average Collection Period 35.61 customers for accounts receivable. Businesses check if they have enough cash o
35.00 their debts by using the average collection period. Based on the information
collection period for the fiscal year 2019 was 12.95 days which then decreased to
30.00 2020. However, in the year 2021, the collection period had a considerable incr
25.00 days. We then notice a slight rise to 21.51 days in the year 2022 and finally again
20.99 21.51 was a significant rise to 35.61 days. To sum up, the average collection period h
20.00 past 5 years which can have negative impact for the business such as increased b
15.00 12.95
also suggests that clients are delaying paying for items or services provided
12.10 financial stability of your company may suffer as a result.
10.00
5.00
0.00
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
ectively a business uses its assets to create
oyed. Based on the calculations, we can see
0.61 and in the following year 2020, it had
21 to 2023, the the turnover had a downfall
ll decrease in asset turnover indicates that
as before. We can see that as years passed
, It's possible that the business is holding
ence in sales and mostly being inefficient
Net Profit after Tax 12652401141 13354413889 15947450723 18157179650 18980140896 17.00%
16.50%
16.00%
TOTAL ASSETS 72146052574 74350803912 97221403130 111757869267 121816305166
15.50%
15.00%
ROA 17.54% 17.96% 16.40% 16.25% 15.58% 14.50%
17.50%
16.50%
16.00%
ROE 18.64% 19.10% 17.21% 17.26% 16.48%
15.50%
Industry Avg 18.33% 15.00%
2019 FY 2020 FY
52.0%
Gross Profit Margin= Gross Profit/Sales Gros
51.5%
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 50.9%
51.0%
50.0% 49.8%
49.5%
Net Revenue 44033634269 45876448841 50703028902 57597941359 62747682864
49.0%
31.5%
EBIT 14142449357 14730421559 16257934544 18416477138 18221668254
31.0%
30.5%
30.0%
29.5%
OPERATI
32.5%
32.1% 32.1%
32.0%
31.5%
EBIT 14142449357 14730421559 16257934544 18416477138 18221668254
31.0%
30.5%
30.0%
Net Revenue 44033634269 45876448841 50703028902 57597941359 62747682864
29.5%
29.0%
Operating Profit
32.1% 32.1% 32.1% 32.0% 29.0% 28.5%
Margin
28.0%
Industry Avg 36.31% 2019 FY
27.5%
2019 FY 2020 FY
Net Profit Margin= Earnings Available for Common Stockholders/ Sales Net Pro
32.0%
Particulars 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 31.5%
31.0%
Net Profit after Tax 12652401141 13354413889 15947450723 18157179650 18980140896 30.5%
30.0%
29.5%
29.1%
Net Revenue 44033634269 45876448841 50703028902 57597941359 62747682864 29.0% 28.7%
28.5%
28.0%
Net Profit Margin 28.7% 29.1% 31.5% 31.5% 30.2%
2019
27.5% FY
15.00%
14.50%
14.00%
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
ROE
19.50%
19.10%
19.00%
18.64%
18.50%
Return on Equity (ROE): Square Pharma's Return on Equity (ROE) has fluctuated
18.00%
the five years between 2019 and 2023. ROE measures the return on a com
17.50%
17.21% 17.26% investment. The higher the ROE, the more effective the company is at using inves
generate profits.The ROE has ranged from 16.48% in 2023 to 19.10% in 2020. Wh
17.00%
slight downward trend, it has consistently remained around 17% over the period.
16.48%
16.50%
16.00%
15.50%
15.00%
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
52.0%
Gross Margin 51.5%
51.5%
51.1%
51.0% 50.9% Gross Profit Margin: From the data we can see that Square Pharma enjoys a
financial position with a consistently high gross profit margin. Over the five ye
50.5% 2019 and 2023, the company’s gross profit margin has ranged between 49.37%
50.0% 49.8%
which is significantly higher than the average gross profit margin in the ph
industry. This metric measures the percentage of revenue remaining after accou
49.5% 49.4% cost of goods sold, and a high gross profit margin like Square’s indicates a compan
in managing its production process. Overall, a consistently high gross profit margi
49.0% sign for Square pharma. It indicates that the company is effectively managing i
costs and generating healthy profits from its core business activities.
48.5%
48.0%
2019 FY 2020 FY
2020 FY 20212021
FY FY 2022
2022 FY
FY 2023 FY
2023 FY
OPERATING MARGIN
32.5%
32.1% 32.1% 32.1% 32.0%
32.0% Operating Profit Margin: The operating profit margin of Square Pharma has remai
31.5%
stable over the five-year period, indicating consistent operational efficiency
profits from its sales revenue. Starting at 32.12% in 2019, the margin fluctuat
31.0%
around this figure, with slight variations in subsequent years. However, there w
30.5% decline in 2023, dropping to 29.04%. This decline could signify potential challeng
30.0%
in the company's operations that affected its profitability relative to sales. Des
company has maintained a healthy operating profit margin overall, reflecting
29.5%
OPERATING MARGIN
32.5%
32.1% 32.1% 32.1% 32.0%
32.0% Operating Profit Margin: The operating profit margin of Square Pharma has remai
31.5% stable over the five-year period, indicating consistent operational efficiency
profits from its sales revenue. Starting at 32.12% in 2019, the margin fluctuat
31.0%
around this figure, with slight variations in subsequent years. However, there w
30.5% decline in 2023, dropping to 29.04%. This decline could signify potential challeng
30.0% in the company's operations that affected its profitability relative to sales. Des
company has maintained a healthy operating profit margin overall, reflecting
29.5%
29.0% effectively manage costs and maximize profitability from its core business activities
29.0%
28.5%
28.0%
2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
27.5%
2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY
Number of Shares
outstanding 844239058 844239058 886451010 886451010 886451010
P/E
P/B
P/E RATIO: P/E ratio tells us about the investor's confidence in pur
company's stock. Investor's optimism plays a vital role in the perceive
firm. The historical P/E is showing a sluggish trend following the yea
even compared to the industry the P/E is relatively lower consistently.
P/B: This ratio tells us what the company's share value should be a
the current market price. It gives us an idea about at what price w
shares (par/premium/discount) and the stock price's accuracy. Ba
P/B (market/book) ratio we can see most of the shares are over
hence they could possibly be issued at a premium.