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C Fundamental Part3

C classroom notes

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Himanshu Narayan
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18 views7 pages

C Fundamental Part3

C classroom notes

Uploaded by

Himanshu Narayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

Data Types

Data types define the type of data that a variable can hold.
C provides several data types to handle various kinds of data, such as
integers, floating-point numbers, and characters etc.

Data type category:


 Primitive Data Types (Basic Data Types/ Built-in Data Types)
 Non-Primitive Data Types (Derived Data Types)
 User-Defined Data Types (created by User)

Primitive data types are the fundamental data types provided by the C
language. They are used to represent simple values like integers,
floating-point numbers, characters and void.

Non-primitive data types are derived from primitive data types. These
data types can hold multiple values like array, pointer, structure, union
etc.

User-defined data types are created by user/programmer to define new


types that are built from existing data types like enum, typedef etc.

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 1


C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

i. int :
it is used to represent integer numbers(whole number) (+ve or -ve).
There are some variants of int data type like long, long long , etc.

List of integer data type and its variants

 unsigned is used to represent 0 to +ve value while signed


represents -ve to +ve value.

We can use sizeof() operator to find size of data types as-

Type casting by User (data type conversion)

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 2


C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

Output:

ii. float/double:

The concept of floating-point numbers dates back to the early days of


computing.
Early computers often used fixed-point arithmetic, where the decimal
point was assumed to be in a fixed position within the number. This
limitation made it difficult to represent a wide range of values.
To address this, floating-point arithmetic was developed.
The IEEE 754 standard, introduced in 1985, standardized floating-point
formats and operations.

C provides two primary floating-point types:


 float: Single-precision floating-point number(precision of around 7
decimal digits)
 double: Double-precision floating-point number, providing greater
precision(precision of around 15-16 decimal digits)

Float contains 3 elements:


 Sign Bit: Indicates whether the number is positive or negative.
 Exponent: Determines the magnitude of the number.
 Mantissa: Represents the significant digits of the number.

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 3


C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

Representation of float/double-

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 4


C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

It is always signed, meaning it can hold both positive and negative values
The reason float cannot be unsigned in C is due to the nature of real
numbers.
Real numbers, unlike integers, can be positive, negative, or zero.
To represent this full range of values accurately, a floating-point number
needs a sign bit to distinguish between positive and negative values.

List of float data type and its variants

Example:

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 5


C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

iii. char:
Characters in C are used to represent individual symbols, such as letters,
digits, punctuation marks, and special characters.
They are typically stored as a single byte (8 bits) .
It can represent both signed and unsigned characters.

Character literals are represented in single quote ‘ ‘

C allows to store multiple characters in a character array, also known as


a string.
Each character in the array is terminated by a null character ’ \0’.

In above example, the str array contains 13 characters:


'H' 'e' 'l' 'l' 'o' ',' '' 'w' 'o' 'r' 'l' 'd'
'\0'

The null character at the end indicates the end of the string.

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 6


C Programming Notes-Fundamentals (Part III)

List of char data type and its variants

Example:

In above code, %c gives chracter ‘5’ ,%d gives ASCII value(integer) of ‘A’.

© HIMANSHU NARAYAN PRASAD, VVIT 7

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