Stepping Stones School

Chandigarh

assignment chapterwise 2 Solutions

Subjects Total Marks Duration No. of Questions

Mathematics 224 Marks 3 Hrs 104 Questions

Instructions

1. Total duration of test is 3 hours .

2. Total number of questions in the test is 104.
3. Total number of sections in the test is 5.
4. Section 1 is Section A consisting of 33 questions.
5. Section 2 is Section B consisting of 20 questions.
6. Section 3 is Section C consisting of 20 questions.
7. Section 4 is Section D consisting of 15 questions.
8. Section 5 is Section E consisting of 16 questions.

Section A 33 Questions: 33 Marks

Q.1 1 Mark
Choose the correct answer in each of the following questions:
In the given figure, two line segments and intersect each other at the point such that
and then ?

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

In
 ( and )

and, (vertically opposite angles).

( criterion for similarity)

So, .

In, ,

So, .

Q.2 1 Mark
In triangles and , , and , then
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: In and

To find: Measure of angle .

In and

(by S.A.S similarity criteria)

Hence in similar triangles and

We know that sum of all the angles of a triangle is equal to ,

Hence, the correct answer is

Q.3 1 Mark
Which of the following is a true statement?
A) Two similar triangles are always congruent B) Two figures are similar if they have the same area.

C) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.

D) Two polygons are similar only if their corresponding sides are equal.

Explanation:

Triangles are similar if their

corresponding sides are proportional. This is criterion of similarity of triangle.

Hence, this is true.

Q.4 1 Mark
In the given figure, bisects and is perpendicular bisector of , which meets at point .

The following statements are:

. is equidistant from and .
. is equidistant from and .
A) is true B) is true C) and are true D) None of these

Explanation:

Here, we have

Here, given that bisects and is perpendicular bisector of .

Now, from , draw and , and join .

Consider and

(Given)

(Common)

(Each )

Thus, by ASA criterion of congruence

And, by corresponding parts of congruent triangle (CPCT),

Therefore, is equidistant from and .

Now, consider and

(Each )

(Common)

Thus, by SAS criterion of congruence

And, by corresponding parts of congruent triangle (CPCT),

Therefore, is equidistant from and .

Hence, statement and are true.

Q.5 1 Mark
Sonali is standing on one side of a wide road as shown below. She wants to estimate the distance between two light
poles on the other side without crossing the road.

Which of the following expressions represent in terms of and ?

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Width of the road

Assume be the distance between the two light poles.

So, and
In and ,

(Common Angle)

So, by Similarity criterion,

When two triangles are similar, then their corresponding parts are proportional.

Hence, Distance between the two poles in terms of and is

Q.6 1 Mark
Choose the correct answer in each of the following questions:
In the given figure, is the point of intersection of two chords and such that and . Then,
and are

A) equilateral and similar B) equilateral but not similar C) isosceles and similar D) isosceles but not similar

Explanation:

In and ,

....(vertically opposite angles

.....(angles in the same segment)

.... ( similarity criterion).

The two triangles are surely not equilateral, since the measure of every angle of an equilateral triangle is .

So, the triangles are isosceles and similar.

Q.7 1 Mark
In the given figure, . Find

A) or B) or C) or D) or

Explanation:

It is given that,

Consider and ,

When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the resulting alternate interior angles are congruent.

When two lines intersect, the opposite angles are equal.

By similarity,

We know that, when two triangles are similar, then the ratio of the corresponding sides are proportional.

Here , and
Using the middle term splitting, we get

Hence, the value of

Q.8 1 Mark
Shown below are two triangles such that length of two sides of each is known.

Along with the given information, which of these is sufficient to conclude whether is similar to ?

Ratio of
A) Only B) Only C) Either or

D) The given information is enough to conclude that as ratio of sides is known.

Explanation:

We know,

Two triangles are similar if they have the same ratio of corresponding sides and equal pair of corresponding angles.

There are three types of theorems on similarity of triangles.

1. or similarity
2. similarity
3. similarity

Given,

Ratio of
From the given figure, we have:

If , then we can conclude both the triangles are similar using similarity theorem.

And, with only one set of equal angles, we cannot prove or similarity theorem.

Hence, using only the information , we can conclude is similar to .

Q.9 1 Mark
If and are similar such that and , then
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: and are similar triangles such that and

To find:

Hence, for similar triangles and

Q.10 1 Mark
In and and . Then, the two triangles are :

A) Congruent, but not similar B) Similar, but not congruent C) Neither congruent nor similar

D) Congruent as well as similar

Explanation:

Given, and .
From similarity criteria, we obtain, is similar to and since, , therefore, it is clear that sides
are unequal in length.

Therefore, they are similar, but not congruent

Q.11 1 Mark

In which of the four transformations, the two triangles are similar but not congruent?
A) reflection B) translation C) rotation D) enlargement

Explanation:

Translation: A translation is the shifting of a figure from one place to another without rotating, reflecting or changing its size.

Therefore, the above two triangles are congruent.

Reflection: Reflection is flipping an object about a line without changing its size or shape.

Therefore, the above two triangles are congruent.

Rotation: In a rotation, a shape is turned around a centre point and the size remains same.

Therefore, the above two triangles are congruent.

Enlargement: An enlargement is a type of transformation where we change the size of the original shape to make it bigger or
smaller by multiplying it by a scale factor. And the figure remain similar.

Hence, Therefore, the above two triangles are similar not congruent.
Q.12 1 Mark
Rhombus and square are _____ to each other.
A) not similar B) similar

Explanation:

Two polygons with a same number of sides are similar if all corresponding angles are equal and all corresponding sides are in
the same ratio.
No we can't say that the square and rhombus as they have one major difference which is square each angle is but the
rhombus angles measurements can be different from square means, in a rhombus each angle may not be always like
square.
Hence, rhombus and square are not similar to each other.

Q.13 1 Mark

In the given figures, , If , then the value of is:

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given, and

The given triangles are similar,

Hence, this is the required answer.

Q.14 1 Mark
There is a street merchant who sells toys for kids. Every day he used to display the toys on a blanket whose length is feet
and feet. As his business was in profit, he decided to display more toys for sale. For this purpose, he bought a new similar
blanket with length feet. Find the ratio of perimeter to the area of bigger blanket he had.

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

There are two blankets as shown below,

We need to find the value of

It is also given that two blankets are similar.

We know that, if two figures are similar, then the ratio of their corresponding sides are proportional.

So,

Here feet, feet, feet, feet

feet.

So, the breadth of the bigger blanket is feet

We know that, the perimeter of a rectangle

Here length of the bigger blanket feet

Breadth of the bigger blanket feet

Perimeter of bigger blanket feet

We know that, area of a rectangle

Area of the bigger blanket square feet

Ratio of the perimeter to the area of the bigger blanket

Hence, the ratio of the perimeter to the area of the bigger blanket is
Q.15 1 Mark
In , find the length of .

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

In

Hence, this is the required answer.

Q.16 1 Mark
If in triangles and , then they will be similar, when

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

According to the SAS similarity criterion. If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and if the sides
including them are proportional then the two triangles are similar.

From the triangles and ,

(given)
is included between
Is included between
If then by criterion of similarity of triangles, .

Thus,
Q.17 1 Mark
In the construction of a triangle, similar and larger to the given triangle as per given scale factor , the construction is
possible only when
A) B) C) D) independent of scale factor

Explanation:

Let the smaller triangle is and the similar and larger triangle is .

Given that, the scale factor is .

The scale factor is the ratio of the sides of the triangle to be constructed with the corresponding sides of the given triangle.

As is the larger triangle than , so .

Hence, .

Q.18 1 Mark
Raman is tall and is standing outside next to his younger sister Manya. He notices that he can see both of their
shadows and decides to measure each shadow. His shadow is and his sister's shadow is long.

Height of Manya is

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given, and

At same time angle of elevation of sun is same.

In and

[Both are standing vertically on the ground]

 [ criteria for similarity of triangles]

We know that if a pair of triangles are similar, then the ratio of their corresponding sides are equal.

Therefore, the height of Manya is .

Q.19 1 Mark
If , , the value of is
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given, and

Then, (corresponding angles)

In triangle ,

(By angle sum property of a triangle)

Hence, the value of is .

Q.20 1 Mark

Which of the following pair of triangles are similar?

A) and B) and C) and D) and

Explanation:

We know that corresponding sides of similar triangles are in the same ratio.

Ratio of the corresponding sides of triangles and are not equal since .

Therefore, triangles and are not similar.

Ratio of the corresponding sides of triangles and are not equal since .

Therefore, triangles and are not similar.

Ratio of the corresponding sides of triangles and are not equal since .

Therefore, triangles and are not similar.

Ratio of the corresponding sides of triangles and are equal since .

Therefore, triangles and are similar.

Q.21 1 Mark
is drawn parallel to the base of a cutting at and at . If and , then

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: is drawn parallel to the base of a cutting at and at . and .

To find:

It is given that

Let

Then,

By basic proportionality theorem,

Q.22 1 Mark
Some concrete water towers have been built to supply water to the localities nearby. They are usually mounted with a
cylindrical tank. A water tower for a locality is 40 m high.

The water tower cast a shadow of 25 m. At the same time, a tree near it casts a shadow of 5 m. What is the height of the tree?

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given, height of the tank is , length of the shadow of tank , length of the shadow of tree

Using Similarity of triangles we get,

Hence, the length of the tree is .

Q.23 1 Mark
Assertion : If ratio of perimeters of two similar triangles is , then ratio of their corresponding medians is also .
Reason : Converse of B.P.T. states that if two sides of a triangle are divided by a line in equal ratio then the line is parallel
to the third side.
A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. C) A is true but R is false

D) A is false but R is true

Explanation:

Given:

Assertion : If ratio of perimeters of two similar triangles is , then ratio of their corresponding medians is also .

We know that, ratio of perimeters of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of their corresponding medians.

Thus, the given assertion is true.

Reason : Converse of B.P.T. states that if two sides of a triangle are divided by a line in equal ratio then the line is parallel
to the third side.

Reason is true, and it is not correct explanation of assertion.

Hence, both and are true but is not the correct explanation of .

Q.24 1 Mark
In the given figure, . If and , then the length of is

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

As by using the proportionality theorem.

Hence, the length of is .

Q.25 1 Mark
In the adjoining figure, and all measurements are in centimetres. The length of is

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

According to Basic proportionality theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

So,
Q.26 1 Mark
d and E are respectively the points on the sides and of a such that
and . Then the length of is
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

and are the points on sides and of

, and

Let

Since , the corresponding angles are equal.

If two triangles are similar, then their sides are proportional

Thus, the length of is .

Q.27 1 Mark
In the line parallel to meets and at and . If then is equal to
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: In the line parallel to meets and at and .

To find: If then .

The basic proportionality theorem states that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle and it intersects the other two
sides at two distinct points then it divides the two sides in the same ratio.

Using the basic proportionality theorem, we have

Hence, the ratio .

Q.28 1 Mark
In the given figure, express in terms of , and ?

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

In and ,

(given)

(common angle)

Thus, (By criterion of similarity)

So,
Q.29 1 Mark
In the adjoining figure, and lengths are given in centimetres. The length of is

A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

According to Basic proportionality theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

So,

Now,

Thus, the length of is

Q.30 1 Mark
Choose the correct answer in each of the following questions:
The shadow of a -long stick is long . At the same time the length of the shadow of a -high tree (in ) is
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Let be the long stick and be its shadow.

Let be the tree and be its shadow.

Ratio of actual lengths Ratio of their shadows

So, the length of the shadow is

Q.31 1 Mark
Assertion: In similar figures, corresponding angles are congruent.
Reason: Similar figures have proportional sides.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E) Both Assertion and Reason are false

Explanation:

Assertion Explanation:

In similar figures, corresponding angles are indeed congruent.

This means that if we have two figures that are similar to each other, the angles that correspond to each other in the two
figures will have equal measures.
This property holds true regardless of the sizes of the figures.

Reason Explanation:

In similar figures, the corresponding sides are proportional.

This means that if we have two similar figures, the ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides is constant. This constant ratio is
called the scale factor.

Since the angles in a figure are determined by the relationships between its sides, when the sides are proportional, the angles
will also be congruent.

Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Q.32 1 Mark
Assertion : If ratio of perimeters of two similar triangles is , then ratio of their corresponding medians is also .
Reason : Converse of B.P.T. states that if two sides of a triangle are divided by a line in equal ratio then the line is parallel
to the third side.
A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. C) A is true but R is false

D) A is false but R is true

Explanation:

Given:

Assertion : If ratio of perimeters of two similar triangles is , then ratio of their corresponding medians is also .

We know that, ratio of perimeters of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of their corresponding medians.

Thus, the given assertion is true.

Reason : Converse of B.P.T. states that if two sides of a triangle are divided by a line in equal ratio then the line is parallel
to the third side.

Reason is true, and it is not correct explanation of assertion.

Hence, both and are true but is not the correct explanation of .

Q.33 1 Mark
Assertion: If two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
Reason: The sum of the angles in a triangle is always degrees.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E) Both Assertion and Reason are false

Explanation:

Assertion states that if two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

This statement is true and follows the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion for triangles.

If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle, the third angle will also be congruent, and thus
the two triangles are similar.

Reason states that the sum of the angles in a triangle is always degrees.

This statement is true and is a fundamental property of triangles.

The angles in a triangle add up to degrees, regardless of whether the triangle is similar to another triangle or not.
 Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Section B 20 Questions: 40 Marks

Q.34 2 Marks
State the two properties which are necessary for given two triangles to be similar.

Explanation:

The two triangles are similar if and only if

1. The corresponding sides are in proportion.
2. The corresponding angles are equal.

Q.35 2 Marks
State the SSS-criterion for similarity of triangles.

Explanation:

SSS similarity theorem states that if the lengths of the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, then the triangles
must be similar

Q.36 2 Marks
State the SAS-similarity criterion.

Explanation:

The SAS Similarity Theorem states that if two sides in one triangle are proportional to two sides in another triangle and the
included angle in both are congruent, then the two triangles are similar.

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Q.37 2 Marks
Indicate if the given figures are pairs of similar triangles and name the postulate that you used to establish similarity.

Explanation:

The given triangles are .

Similar triangles are triangles that have the same shape, but their sizes may vary.

Two triangles are similar if they have the same ratio of corresponding sides and equal pair of corresponding angles.

The condition for the similarity of triangles is;

Corresponding angles of both the triangles are equal, and

Corresponding sides of both the triangles are in proportion to each other.
The triangles are similar triangle as their sides are in proportion.

The postulate used is similarity rule.

The similarity test: If the ratio of the hypotenuse and one side of a right-angled triangle is equal to the ratio of the
hypotenuse and one side of another right-angled triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

Q.38 2 Marks
is right angled at . is perpendicular to . Prove that is similar to .

Explanation:

The given figure is

To prove :

In and

[given]

[common angle]

So, [by AA similarity criterion]

Hence, , proved.

Q.39 2 Marks
In the fig., and . Prove that

Explanation:

Given:
To Prove:

Proof: In

--[angle sum property of a triangle]

But,

In and

--[Proved above]

--[each ]

--[By AA similarity]

--[as sides of similar triangles are proportional]

Hence, Proved.

Q.40 2 Marks
In the Fig., and . Prove that .

Explanation:

Given:

To Prove:

Proof:

...[1] [given , we know that sides opposite to equal angle are equal, therefore, ]

Now, In
 ---[from [1]]

--[common]

Therefore, --[By SAS similarity]

Hence, Proved.

Q.41 2 Marks
In the following figure altitudes and of intersect each other at the point . Show that .

Explanation:

In and

Hence, by rule we have:

Q.42 2 Marks
Sides and and median of a triangle are respectively proportional to sides and and median of
in the given figure. Show that .

Explanation:

​
Median divides opposite side.
So, and
Given that,

So, .
Hence, .
So, (corresponding angles of similar triangles)
And
Hence, .

Q.43 2 Marks
State whether the following pair of triangles is similar or not.

Explanation:

Given figure is:

We know that two triangles are similar if they have, all their angles equal and corresponding sides are in the same ratio.

Here, the corresponding sides are not proportional.

Hence, the given triangles are not similar.

Q.44 2 Marks
In each of the given pairs of triangles, find which pair of triangles are similar. State the similarity criterion and write the

similarity relation in symbolic form:

Explanation:

We have:
and .

Also, .
Therefore, by similarity theorem, .

Q.45 2 Marks
In the figure, you find two triangles. Indicate, whether the triangles are similar. Give reasons in support of your answer.

Explanation:

The given figure is

The ratio of the sides are , and

Here, the ratios of sides are equal, which satisfy the similarity criteria of triangles.

Thus, both triangles are similar.

Q.46 2 Marks

The diagonals of quadrilateral intersect at . Prove that .

Explanation:

Let the quadrilateral be drawn as shown below:

Here, two perpendiculars have been drawn on the diagonal .

Now, in the triangles and ,

Altitudes drawn on ;

Vertically Opposite Angles

and are similar By AA Criterion for Similarity

(Corresponding sides are proportional)................(i)

Now, area of , and

Area of

Dividing both areas,

Hence, proved.

Q.47 2 Marks
The given figure shows a trapezium in which is parallel to and diameter and intersect at point

If find :

Explanation:
Q.48 2 Marks
In the figure, and are two right triangles, right-angled at and respectively. Prove that:

Explanation:

Given figure is,

In and

(Common angle)
(Remaining angle)

Hence, by rule,

Hence, (Corresponding sides are proportional)

Q.49 2 Marks
In an isosceles , the base is produced both ways in and such that

Prove that
Explanation:

It is given that is an isosceles triangle.

Therefore,
𝐶𝐴 𝐵 𝐶𝐵𝐴 𝐶𝐴 𝐵 𝐶𝐵𝐴 𝐶𝐴 𝑃 𝐶𝐵𝑄

Also,

𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
Thus, by similarity theorem, we get

This completes the proof.

Q.50 2 Marks
The given diagram shows two isosceles triangles which are similar. In the given diagram, and are not parallel;
and
Calculate: The length of

Explanation:

Given,
 units [As length connot be negative]

Hence, the length of

Q.51 2 Marks
In a circle, two chords and intersect at a point inside the circle. Prove that

Explanation:

Given : and are two chords.

To Prove:

Proof: In and

--[Vertically opposite angles]

--[angles in same segment are equal]

--[By Similarity]

--[as sides of similar triangles are proportional]

Hence, Proved.

Q.52 2 Marks
Diagonals and of a trapezium with intersect each other at the point . Using similarity criterion for
two triangles, show that

Explanation:

Given: is a trapezium with and diagonals and intersecting at .

To show:
In and

---[ Vertically opposite angles ]

---[ Alternate interior angles]

---[ Alternate interior angles]

---[ similarity]

We know that if triangles are similar, their corresponding sides are in proportion.

Hence, proved

Q.53 2 Marks
are respectively the medians of similar triangles and . Prove that .

Explanation:

Given figure is,

(Given)

So, ........(i)

We need to prove:

So, .......(ii)
 (As are medians)

Also,

.......(iii)

From (i) , (ii) and (iii)

Therefore, (SSS similarity)

Hence, it is proved.

Section C 20 Questions: 60 Marks

Q.54 3 Marks
On a map drawn to a scale of a triangular plot of land has the following measurements:
and angle Calculate: The area of the plot in

Explanation:

Let us assume scale factor,

Then, length of of actual plot

To covert into divide by , we get

The length of on the map (the actual length of )

(the actual length of )

The actual length of

The area of the plot in

Q.55 3 Marks
In the figure, if and , prove that

Explanation:

Given,

In and , we have

(Given that )
and (common angle)

By applying similarity criterion, we get

We know that if the two triangles are similar, then their corresponding sides are proportional

Hence, proved.

Q.56 3 Marks
Observe the following pairs of similar figures. Measure their sides and find the ratio between corresponding sides, also find the
corresponding angles, What do you observe?
Explanation:

The given two figures are of square. We have to measure their sides, corresponding angles and find the ratio between
corresponding sides.

In square all sides are having length of , whereas in square all sides are having length equal to .

Ratio between any one corresponding sides of both the square

Ratios of corresponding sides

As we know, the value of angles in a square is equal to . So, the corresponding angles in both the square are
.

Two polygons are similar if their corresponding angles are congruent and the ratios of corresponding sides are equal.

Hence, the above given squares are similar to each other.

Q.57 3 Marks
Anish is asked to enlarge the red triangle with scale factor about a centre of enlargement at . He draws the blue
triangle. Explain why Anish is not correct.
Explanation:

The scale factor of enlargement is a measure of how much the lines making up the shape have been enlarged.

From the given larger triangle,

Vertices of one of the vertical sides are .

Length of that side

Vertices of one of the horizontal sides are .

Length of that side

From the given smaller triangle,

Vertices of the vertical sides are .

Length of that side

Vertices of one of the horizontal sides are .

Length of that side

Scale factor of vertical sides

Scale factor of horizontal sides

Scale factor of horizontal sides Scale factor of vertical sides.

Hence, Anish diagram is not correct.

Q.58 3 Marks
In what way similarity of triangles is different from similarity of other polygon?
Explanation:

When we say two shapes are similar, it means that one shape is a scaled version of the other. They could be oriented or tilted
differently though.

For polygons, similarity means that the corresponding angles are same and their corresponding sides are scaled by a
common factor. The converse, however, is not true for polygons in general. If all the sides are scaled by a common factor, the
two polygons are not necessarily similar. For example, a rhombus and a square are not similar although their sides are equal.

For triangles, if it is known that there is a common factor between the lengths of sides of two triangles then the two triangles
are similar. For example,

and are similar because,

Q.59 3 Marks
In the following triangles the corresponding angle of is angle . Now, check whether the following triangles are similar or
not.

Explanation:

Here, we have

Consider the triangles and ,

We know that in two triangles, if the corresponding angles are equal, then the sides opposite to the equal angles are in the
same ratio or proportional and hence the two triangles are similar.

Let us consider the corresponding angles here,

and corresponding angle

and corresponding angle

and corresponding angle

So, corresponding angle of is only equal. That means the sides are not in the equal ratio.

Hence, the triangles are not similar.

Q.60 3 Marks
Give two different examples of pair of similar figures

Explanation:

Two figures are similar if their corresponding angles are congruent, and the ratios of the lengths of their corresponding sides
are equal.

Examples of similar figures are squares and equilateral triangles. All squares are similar to each other and all equilateral
triangles are similar to each other.

Q.61 3 Marks
State whether the following rectangles are similar or not. Justify your answer.

Explanation:

Two quadrilaterals are similar, if their corresponding angles are equal and corresponding sides must also be proportional.

From the given figure, the internal angles of both quadrilaterals are equal.

We observe that the corresponding sides are proportional. while

Thus, the given quadrilaterals are similar.

Q.62 3 Marks
Model of an aeroplane is made to a scale of Calculate: The length, in cm, of the model; if the length of the
aeroplane is
Explanation:

The ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar triangle are proportional

model of an aeroplane is made to a scale of

So, the length of the model

Q.63 3 Marks
The dimensions of the model of a multistory building are by by If the scale factor is find the
actual dimensions of the building. Also, find the space (volume) inside a room of the model, if the space inside the
corresponding room of the building is

Explanation:

The dimension of the building are calculated as below

length

Breadth

Height

Thus, the actual dimension of the building are

Volume of the model of the building

Q.64 3 Marks
triangle is enlarged, about the point as centre of enlargement, and the scale factor is Find
if
Also, state the value of :

Explanation:

So

The ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional
Q.65 3 Marks
Check whether the following triangles are similar or not. If so, name the criterion of similarity.

Explanation:

Here, we have

Consider the triangles and ,

Here, [Corresponding angles]

Now,

And

So,

Since one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the sides including these angles are not
proportional.

So, and are not similar.

Q.66 3 Marks
Give three statements and examples on congruency and similarity of polygons and give reasons.

Explanation:

First statement

The scale factor of two congruent polygons is always , but the scale factors of similar polygons are usually more than or less
than .

Here, in the above figure, the two quadrilaterals and have the same size, the same angles, the same sides,
and the same shape. They are identical. Hence, these two quadrilaterals are congruent.

We know that the measurements of two similar shapes are fixed in a particular ratio called the scale factor. In the case of
similar figures, the scale factor can be calculated as the ratio of its proportional sides.
In the above figures, the length of the sides and are the same. So, the scale factor, in this case, will be .

Here, in the above figure, the two quadrilaterals and have the same angles, the same shape. They only
differ in size. The quadrilateral is bigger than the quadrilateral . Hence, they are similar figures.

In this case, the length of the side is larger than the length of the side . So, the scale factor, in this case, will be more
than .

In the above figure, the two quadrilaterals and have the same angles, the same shape. They only differ
in size. The quadrilateral is smaller than the quadrilateral . Hence, they are similar figures.

In this case, the length of the side is smaller than the length of the side . So, the scale factor, in this case, will be
less than .

This justifies the statement the scale factor of two congruent polygons is always , but the scale factors of similar polygons are
usually more than or less than .

Second statement

All congruent polygons are similar, but all the similar polygons are not congruent.

Here, in the above figure, the two triangles and have the same size, the same angles, the same sides, and the
same shape. They are identical. Hence, these two quadrilaterals are congruent.

The two triangles and have the same angles, the same shape. They only differ in size. Hence, they satisfy the
definition of similar figures.

Hence, the triangles and are both congruent and similar.

But, in both the pair of triangles and , we observe that they have the same angles, the same
shape. They only differ in size. Hence, they satisfy the definition of similar figures but do not satisfy the definition of congruent
figures.

This justifies the statement 'all congruent polygons are similar, but all the similar polygons are not congruent'.

Third statement

Similar means that only the angles are the same, but the sides are not, whereas, congruent means the angles and sides are
the same.

In the above figure, both the squares and have their angles and the sides the same. Hence, they are
congruent squares.

In the above figure, the squares and have all their angles the same, but their lengths of sides
are not the same. Hence, they are similar squares.

This justifies the statement 'similar means that only the angles are the same, but the sides are not, whereas, congruent means
the angles and sides are the same'.

Q.67 3 Marks
State whether the following quadrilaterals are similar or not. Justify your answer.
Explanation:

Two quadrilaterals are similar, if their corresponding angles are equal and corresponding sides must also be proportional.

From the given figure, we observe that the corresponding sides are proportional. All the sides of the quadrilateral and
the corresponding sides of the quadrilateral are in the ratio

But the internal angles are not equal.

Thus, the given quadrilaterals are not similar.

Q.68 3 Marks

In an equilateral triangle with side , prove that altitude is .

Explanation:

Let the diagram for the question be drawn as shown below:

Here, .

Let us draw an altitude which is perpendicular to such that it divides into equal parts: and .

Now, in the right-angled triangle ,

Hypotenuse

Adjacent Side

By Pythagoras theorem,
Using algebraic identity , we get,

Hence, altitude .

Q.69 3 Marks
is a cyclic quadrilateral. The diagonal bisects the diagonal . Prove that .

Explanation:

is a cyclic quadrilateral. The diagonal bisects the diagonal .

Show that .

Suppose the diagonals and intersect at .

Diagonal bisects diagonal

Now, and are equiangular.

Again, and are equiangular,

(proved)

Q.70 3 Marks
Prove that the ratio of the perimeters of two similar triangles is the ratio of their corresponding sides.

Explanation:

Given and .

Where .

Since ,
From and , we get

Hence, proved.

Q.71 3 Marks
In the given figure, and . Prove that .

Explanation:

Given: and .
To Prove: .

Proof: In and
.

By similarity-criterion .
When two triangles are similar, then the ratios of the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional.

In and ,
.
By similarity-criterion .
When two triangles are similar, then the ratios of their corresponding sides are proportional.
Dividing by , we get,

Hence, proved.

Q.72 3 Marks
are points on the sides respectively of a triangle ABC such that and
. Find whether or not.

Explanation:

From the dimensions given in the question,

And,

Therefore,

Hence, is parallel to . (by converse of triangle proportionality theorem).

Q.73 3 Marks
and are points on the sides and respectively of a such that .
If and , find .
 Explanation:

In , it is given that .

Applying Thales’ theorem, we get :

Adding to both the sides, we get :

.
Therefore,
.

Section D 15 Questions: 75 Marks

Q.74 5 Marks
In the given figure, sides and and median of a triangle are respectively proportional to sides and
median of . Show that .

Explanation:

Given, and are medians of and respectively and and are proportional
to each other
 are median

and

From equation and , we get

[by SSS similarity criteria]

[corresponding angle of similar triangles]

Now, in and
[from ]
[from ]
[by SAS similarity criterion]
Hence, proved.

Q.75 5 Marks
In the given Fig., is a right-angled triangle at . Prove that and find the lengths of and .

Explanation:

The given figure is

To prove and need to find and

In and

[common angle]

So, [by AA similarity criterion]

and are similar triangle

Using Pythagoras theorem in , we get

Also,
Thus, the length of and are and respectively.

Q.76 5 Marks
Find the unknown marked lengths in centimetres in the following figure.

Explanation:

Given:

We know that, in a parallelogram opposite sides are equal and parallel.

Thus,

We know that, if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides in distinct points, then the line
joining the mid-points of the triangle is half of the base of the triangle.

From ,
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides in distinct points, then the other two sides are
divided in the same ratio.

Now, from ,

Therefore, unknown values and

Q.77 5 Marks
is a quadrilateral in which . If be the midpoints of and respectively, show
that is a rhombus.

Explanation:

Given, is a quadrilateral in which and and be the mid-points of and

respectively.

To prove, is a rhombus
Proof

In , and are midpoints of and

and [By B.P.T.]
Similarly in , and are midpoints of and
and [By B.P.T.]

From equation number and , we get

and

In , we get
and [By B.P.T.]

Similarly, in
and [By B.P.T.]

From and , we get

and
 and
is a parallelogram
As given

[From and ]
is also a rhombus.

Hence, proved.

Q.78 5 Marks
In the given figure, and is the midpoint of . Prove that .

Explanation:

Given, in a figure and

To prove,
Construction, construct a side

Proof:

In
is the midpoint and
will be the midpoint of [By B.P.T]

In
[given]
[sides opposite to equal angles]
[given]

Now, in

So [by B.P.T]

Adding in both side, we get

 [From ]
Hence, proved.

Q.79 5 Marks
In the figure, is a point on hypotenuse of , such that and . Prove that :

Explanation:

Let us join .

​
,

Therefore, is a parallelogram.

Since, is , therefore, is a rectangle.

Hence, , and

∠ ∠

In

In

∠ ∠

∠ ∠

From equation and

∠ ∠

From equation and

∠ ∠

So,
Hence, proved.

Q.80 5 Marks
In the adjoining quadrilateral , The bisectors of and meet the sides and at the
points and respectively. Prove that is parallel to

Explanation:

In , joining

Therefore, is the bisector of

Using internal bisector theorem

In , we have as bisector of

Therefore,

Equating both the equations

Now in we have

By converse of basic Proportionality Theorem

Q.81 5 Marks
In , is a median, is a point on such that . Ray intersects in . Prove that
.

Explanation:

Given, a , and .

To prove,

Construction, draw such that, it intersects at

Proof :

In
is the midpoint of and
So, by converse of midpoint theorem
is the midpoint of and

In and
[vertically opposite angle]
[Alternate interior angle]
So, by AA similarity
[by similarity of triangles]

Now,
[From equation ]

Hence, proved.

Q.82 5 Marks
State and prove basic proportionality theorem.
Explanation:

Basic Proportionality theorem: If a line is parallel to a side of a triangle which intersects the other sides into two distinct points,
then the line divides those sides of the triangle in proportion.

Let be the triangle and the line parallel to intersect at and at .

To prove:

Construction: Join and . Draw .

Proof: is the height of and since .

Area of a triangle

_____

We know that triangles on same base and between the same parallel straight line are equal in area.

But and are the same base and between the same parallel straight line and .

Similarly, is the height of and since .

_____

From and , we get,

Hence, proved.

Q.83 5 Marks
In the adjoining figure, is an isosceles triangle with and . If is a square
inscribed in , find the area of the shaded region.
Explanation:

Let, the side of the square be .

Now, in

Thus,

is an isosceles triangle, thus, will be perpendicular bisector.

Therefore,

Now, and

(Alternate angles)

(common angles)

As we know that if two triangles are similar then the ratio of corresponding sides are equal.

Area of shaded region

Thus, the area of shaded region is

Q.84 5 Marks
In the adjoining figure and . Prove that . If
, find . If find

Explanation:

In and , is common.

Also,

And

Therefore,

So,

Thus,

Since,
Q.85 5 Marks
is a parallelogram in which is the midpoint of and is a point on such that . If produced
meets at , prove that is the midpoint of .

Explanation:

Given, is a parallelogram and is the midpoint of and

As the diagonal of a parallelogram bisects each other

is the midpoint of

In
As given is the mid-point of and we find is the midpoint of
Therefore,

Now, in
is the midpoint of and
is a midpoint of side [by converse of midpoint theorem]
Hence, proved.
Q.86 5 Marks
In the adjoining figure , medians and of meet at the point and is drawn parallel to Prove that
and

Explanation:

Given: medians and of meet at the point , and .

To prove:

From the figure, is the midpoint of and also parallel to .

So, is the midpoint of [By mid-point theorem]

Therefore, ..(i)
Now, in and

Therefore, [AA similarity axiom]

So,

[from equation (i)]

Therefore,

Q.87 5 Marks
In the given figure, show that . Also find the value of .

Explanation:

Given,

In and
[given]
[common angle]
[by AA similarity criterion]

Now, [ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangle]

Thus, the value of is .

Q.88 5 Marks
In the adjoining figure, line segment intersect the side of triangle at the point such that is mid-point of
and . Prove that .

Explanation:

construction : Draw

By basic proportionality theorem

In

is the mid point of .

 In

is the mid point of and

From equation and

Hence, proved

Section E 16 Questions: 16 Marks

4 Marks
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in the bold to
help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

In the fascinating world of geometry, one concept that holds immense significance is the scale factor in similar figures. This
concept becomes particularly crucial when dealing with shapes and figures that share proportional relationships. In this
passage, we will delve into the intricacies of the scale factor, exploring its definition, properties, and applications through a
series of challenging numerical problems.

The scale factor, often denoted by is the ratio of corresponding linear dimensions (sides or heights) of two similar figures. It
is a fundamental concept that allows us to establish a proportional relationship between corresponding parts of these figures.
The scale factor remains constant irrespective of the units used to measure the figures. Whether in centimetres, inches, or any
other unit, the ratio of corresponding dimensions remains the same.
The scale factor maintains proportionality between corresponding sides. If two figures are similar, the ratio of any pair of
corresponding sides is always equal to the scale factor.
Understanding the scale factor is crucial for various real-world applications, such as map scaling, architectural designs, and
model building.

Mukesh and Sujata are two class students are learning scale factor by taking some models and challenged themselves
with interesting numerical problems.
Q.89
Mukesh collected a map from the school where a square plot of land is drawn to a scale . He found that the area of
the plot in the map is . Mukesh was interested to know the length of the diagonal in the actual plot of land.
Sujata calculated the length of the diagonal for him.
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Scale factor

Now,

Area of the actual plot of the land

We know that the area of a square

Therefore, the required length of diagonal of the actual plot is .

Q.90

Mukesh and Sujata visited the office of an architect where the architect showed them the model of a building that is being
constructed with the scale factor . The height of the model is . Sujata is curious to know the actual height of the
building in metres.

20

Explanation:

It is given that the building is constructed with the scale factor in the model.

So,

Given, the height of the model is .

Let the height of the actual building be .

Then,

Hence, the actual height of building is

Q.91
First, Sujata constructed and then, she enlarged it to . She requested Mukesh to find the scale factor she
used in the enlargement.

Explanation:

Mukesh calculated as follows:

Mukesh observed that the ratio of the corresponding sides of the two triangles is equal. So, the two triangles are similar
triangles. This ratio is the scale factor.

Hence, the scale factor used by Sujata is .

Q.92

The architect showed them a model where size transformation is done for a football ground. The actual area of the football
ground is . Then, the architect guided Mukesh and Sujata to find the scale factor used in the model.

A) B) C)

Explanation:

We know that the ratio that compares the measurements of two similar shapes is called the scale factor or representative
fraction. It is equal to the ratio of the corresponding sides of the two figures.

Given, the actual area of the football ground is and the area in the model is .

We have, the area of the model the actual area of the football ground.

Hence, the scale factor is .

4 Marks
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in the bold to
help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Jisnu is a class student. His father want to make a book cabinet to keep his books and other study materials. But, space to
keep the book cabinet seems to be problem in Jisnu's house. They found the space under the staircase to fit the cabinet.
Looking at the space available, they decided to construct a triangular cabinet. The total height available is . Jisnu
needed four parallel shelves with different height that will meet his requirements. Jisnu's father was not sure about the design
of the cabinet.

In his school, Jisnu just learnt Thales theorem. He helped his father to design the cabinet.

Look at Jisnu's design of the cabinet above and answer the following questions.
Q.93
Find the maximum height of a book that can stand upright on the bottom-most shelf.
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given, the total height of the cabinet is .

Let the height of the book be .

The total height of the cabinet minus the height of the book is .

Thales theorem states that If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points,
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Therefore, the maximum height of the book is .

Q.94
Jisnu decided to keep smaller items like pencil box etc in the shelf at the top. He calculated the height of the top-most shelf.
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given, the total height of the cabinet is .

Let the height of the top-most shelf be .

The total height of the cabinet minus the height of the top-most shelf is .

Thales theorem states that If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points,
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Therefore, the height of the top-most shelf is .

Q.95
Jisnu calculated the height of the shelf that is just above the bottom-most shelf to organise his books properly. What is the
measure?

A) B) C)

Explanation:

Given, the total height of the cabinet is .

Let the height of the shelf just above the bottom-most shelf be .

The height of the bottom-most cabinet is .

Thales theorem states that If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points,
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Therefore, the height of the shelf just above the bottom-most shelf is .
Q.96

Given . Jisnu measured the length of the base of the cabinet. Find the measure. [Take ]

A) B) C)

Explanation:

The base of the cabinet is .

Given, .

We have,

is a right-angled triangle whose right angle is .

Applying Pythagoras theorem on , we obtain,

Therefore, the required length of the base of the cabinet is .

4 Marks
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in the bold to
help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

Two trees and are standing parallel to each other. The bigger tree high cast a shadow of .
Q.97
If the ratio of height of two trees is . Find the shadow of the smaller tree.
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: Two trees and are standing parallel to each other. The bigger tree high cast a shadow of .

We have given that,

Bigger tree height : Smaller tree height

Bigger tree shadow

So,

smaller tree shadow

Smaller tree shadow

Hence, it is the required answer.

Q.98
If and are two trees and is the shadow of longer tree, then
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: Two trees and are standing parallel to each other. The bigger tree high cast a shadow of .

So, in and we have,

{ Each }

{ common }

then,

{ By similarity }

also, we can write them as,

Hence, it is the required answer.

Q.99
The distance of point from is
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

From the figure,

In right angled , given that,

So,

{ By pythagoras theorem }

→ BE² = 10²

square root both sides,

Hence, it is the required answer.

Q.100
Since, , then `by Basic Proportionality Theorem we have
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

From the figure,

since . So by basic proportionality theorem (BPT) we have,

or,

Adding 1 both sides,

Hence, it is the required answer.

4 Marks
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in the bold to
help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

Two trees and are standing parallel to each other. The bigger tree high cast a shadow of .
Q.101
If the ratio of height of two trees is . Find the shadow of the smaller tree.
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: Two trees and are standing parallel to each other. The bigger tree high cast a shadow of .

We have given that,

Bigger tree height : Smaller tree height

Bigger tree shadow

So,

smaller tree shadow

Smaller tree shadow

Hence, it is the required answer.

Q.102
If and are two trees and is the shadow of longer tree, then
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

Given: Two trees and are standing parallel to each other. The bigger tree high cast a shadow of .

So, in and we have,

{ Each }

{ common }

then,

{ By similarity }

also, we can write them as,

Hence, it is the required answer.

Q.103
The distance of point from is
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

From the figure,

In right angled , given that,

So,

{ By pythagoras theorem }

→ BE² = 10²

square root both sides,

Hence, it is the required answer.

Q.104
Since, , then `by Basic Proportionality Theorem we have
A) B) C) D)

Explanation:

From the figure,

since . So by basic proportionality theorem (BPT) we have,

or,

Adding 1 both sides,

Hence, it is the required answer.