Dobtaim a DFA to Accept dre Stings ef 7 ok fas unding uli O14 9 Neca —— a : Sein Q 7 . Ce — ! = (0, 5 8,%0,F) Qf Wo, V,, Ve, Vhs &+Jo Ly Vor Snitiol | start : Va Final f accepting State gz [0 a 5 Vo WN Wo a, yy, Ves! Yet WM Gs Vs | Wr CYA *) obtain o DFA db accept the Stings a as ebs thot Aceept a Substring ‘Eb 9 Soln ¢ i éd ) 2 ee Fa ~ -Z+(0,25 Vo,F) Qe (Vo, Vi, Vr) ms C4,b). ee Vow Snittal | Start: Var F Final accepting fe [=e b Vo Vo | Vy wy Vo Yr > Vo Vs. & design a DFA to actept dhe lomquaqe LY fw) Contaims obteast one oh! Soln 2 Qe aib* Lag S £>(QS FW, F) (Wo, a) E . Cab) Vo = Initial) Start + F Fineut | accepting Qglef a b Wo wy Vo vw | Ww | wyG DFA to accept the Tang = ebaige ful Contains bnatthy Sine Brnala } t rye aaa (a © aan — oO Y “ . o Fat ea est (ay £.-(O,e &, Vo, F) = ( Vo, 41, V>) €: Cab) Qo > Sruttol | stat: a> F Final| actepting U Qfe[ a |b Yo Wi | Ve nes ee Ys | Vo WeQ)_obtoim a ‘DFA ks accept: dhe. Aci 3 Of ak Omd bis” hauling a Substring aah lb - i Ans Qo x initial Sth. Fe: 4 Final stot __ € Tromsition tolete ale | o ! ELE, avo MN Vo ; wy | Ye Vo wy. | Vs” Vs RY; | Vs aA @) Dada o DFA do Cee pt the Atuings Of a's yb's ndinag wth ob ov bo: aes eaeUt —Ar FQ 2,8 Yo, FY Gr Wo, 4/1, V2, V2 V4} SB. 2Sa by yo > Initial Stoke | stort stole re (4a, V4) — Final” Stet. * 6-Tromsition Tolle Q[e_ Oo b DWVo wv) Vs Vv Ww Ve 2 Ve Vy Vs Ws Vy V3 Vy Ww Ve &_9) D¥aw a DFA do O.Cle pt othe . btiungs oF oH o% amd 4’ Ending wih three _Consttivd oo, Oe must Call sale ar ~ A= $08.6, Vo PY Qe Vo Vi Vr, V3 = fol ; Yo 2 Gita Ata | Stoxt stot 4+ Final | accepting. eae = Qe | 0 4 wiiaas sy te Vv) Vo #2) Coie vi Vr Vo = a, V5 Vo x Vs Vs WsER ebtaln o DFA Fo accept a's and bs Fuwen Numbu. >| 0 amd cvun Number of, bs Tame of as cmd odd cnusrnbth. b's Sede mumbo of as Omd odd ruwmbu of bs 4) odd ruber of ws amd even umber of bis Ni ae i BEG [2 aie “GN cin 4) Ar {9,8,6,V0,F4 Qe V0, V, Ve, Vs 22 PF Aby Vo+ Final stot Vi. Iridiol state a QJe ar Thal lon 7 Vs ay, My Va Vo Ve Vo Vs Ws Wy V>.i) Cen iene of of a's amd odd uml, uot 08 © i : booboob ATQe & Vo Fpl Qe Vo, VW, Va, Vs So. £a,by Phew af Nc besES Vit Final btote] oceébting stocte Vor Gruittal tote - ai : A Ds odd number of o's amd odd ran 4 ra |ae S Qs So qo EY Y Ofo, Wi, Ve, WS Six fayby ical ppt q, + Fmol Atte] Otcepting State Gyo ea Jat cot [Staxt tote iv) odd numbox 0] 0% and wre number me : . 7 lenge ; ~ be Bi oboe 7 ee 2 cate ony afi A a if (Gr) b. Vs pee Qr Wo, Wy, V2, V3 &+f{aby et « > Final state , Vo-dnitial Ate* Commbiuct Fhe OFA fo accept the O's am ved the Value ts reprrsemted by the binary Number enty: The stung! us Athnustnted by omod's should bel aceepted ~ h-nadin -& d- tepresentoctiion Cigste ~Losy | K- divisor -G A-himaindar ~ 0,2, 54° LT Caxtid mg eS eC aid )= 97 aa to | do | (2xo+0)mod5=6 [040 0)~aro | d=) | QxoriDmods=) | 64,1) =a), = i) [deo] (Axi Fo)mods =2 SC V1s0)? Va. j dey | (axltlmods=3 ! €(,)) 2s ta do (2x346) mods = 4 188, oA, | de) | @xarvamods> | Fay, 1)> Ve | ia iss | deo | (axstd)modt1 TWO Y 5 de) | gst mods ea 6(%,1) 2 L4 [deo | Ax4to)mods.3 | ECM,,0)* 474 de} (ARH mods = 4 SCA = Vy 7]now DEA for the Lamguage Le PWE(o,)- 29 nay Sune divisible bag ‘ : Gan ed, defor}, hee, (26, wd Bibs az) ad | (nx tid ymed ky 5 (ali.d) +¥, Tro do | (axoto)mod4=0 6 (%o,0\= Vo d=! | (Axor) med y=4 F(Vo 1) ~My i:L | deo (aFi70,meil Ged e | = 6(%,0)=%, [GH | (am sti) mod 4-3 S(Vi1) = f22 | deo | (a¥aro)mod4=0 8(4/2,0) =Yo wp Wet | Casan modus toe) CC. )= MET gi lek ics SDN LS |} 23 | dz0./| (2*3to)modg= 2 SC V5.0) = Ve del | (ae 34))mod 4 =3 60% 1%_* Draw’ o DFA te Accor O'6Omnd 45 Occes The detimal sung that A dash Sons A. 40 ; d:o, iS Uercae a Ke3 i += 0,1,2,3 LO8C9) 202-0 (UM) S LUH EY = b= 8 (Os) a Xz =F (0,3): = ae ad [ (Her d)mod | Ke] ar d)= a; Gol deo (or Sep netSo. Yo,0)2 EU. (145) | Clowoti) mod3 =] | Jle,j) = §(4¥0163). {dea Cios#o+3) M64. Fail“ (Wopye = 6(Vo,2.5;3) { i [21 | deo (orifay made Zz (Binoy Seen d=) | Clow) +1) mod 3-2 (41, 1)= £(41,255,8) | 4-2 | “(ow jta) moda=0 | é(a,5)= (4,039 | ad :a_| d=o | (loraroymeds-\ = 8s 0)=6( 2 553) | det | Cloeati mods =O | 6a 1 6(a0,348 [dea Clorara)moda=4 | 6(W22) 6(as Lu, ‘ sea) seisaN ot TIDA: Non-detouvimistic finite Automata NFA us a S tuple A {Qs &: Vo, Fy 2 Q us a finite St of State 4s us a finte Act lof Gnput cymbel yw ds dhe Atont Goth Yo tomaition function Shoat tates a ~ Kate im Q amd om Input Symbol im S$ os aguumuits ond Actua o Sublet of Q e fu dhe final! stake of “Subset e| SQiF @)_dutine NDFA to accept dhe Shimgs of 08 amd aa ending wed die Shun ob Ver Ika 9 Yo A Ql Lilo Ye % Ys QL Ve, 25, as yy Dam b V2 Ze Sab}. ; © ade «Vo Ny saci nes Me o> Snitiol Hote 7 v1} A YF + {42,444 Final Hote x Ve | $ $ eV ® x MW Tg ozs obtaun om NFA to actept dhe eonguiage we tule t abab” Whow N20 : Oe ; \Z aM Me (vs) ays (la {C356 als c Q:¥ Vo, ye, Vs Vy Ue, Ve i wv; |p i ZarJ aby- ah Tg fou i Vo Fave ynitlal Sake 5 RE Ys $ FQ ay final tate a? Le Le ne toa 07, ea para i: “_Q)_NFA to Hetognlxe The khiinas lol, oll, oro]at — fe Te fon} Alo) Vy Vr, Vo, Ale, US, Ve, V9, Va, Va a4 Yo +f drial State Fs fy, a, ane Fina) State 6/2} 0 | Le [F Vo lO Vy | Vy Be vy vr | & — Ye age Vs Vs q $ My > Us. ws | 4 “uM ; i Mm | 44 ¢ V1 |G Vs We V4 4 ji v4 4 Vic Se ne Vleck, f ¥* Extending Sromsacton fumdiion CDFA | o! I “We lojotr #3 | | 4, 6 (Ve &) > Vo : Vy Ys, ae) FC Vo,1) = £ (6 C%o,1)) “YU, % | Vo | % 8 Vo,10)*6(6(Mi,0)) = V2 Ys Vy Ve bila 6lel ay 41) 2 Va “€(Wz,1010 +66" (Uaj0)) 2 Ve (a, lolol) €(6°C Vo,!) =) 1 V6 5"(V1,1) 2 Voe Fu Jololl): 606°C ee“* Suttmding cromsition Pumclon NDEA a i J | p2 6010) J be 2D Vo {Vo,4v7) Ww ; ae 5M i ke = Eyal oh Determimitio $Non- dectowministi Pits ‘Automlita Gheerem:? Sh B= (Qos & f [oY F) is a OFA Constiucted from NEA Ne Cn S5y Ee} Ew) by Subset Constructions Thon fomquoge 4 DFA i qual to language. of NEA Vala az ee OE CAE PPD by Induction on fal = us snes Sip: bo Tat ya)= “St ME] 6 pudeion. actuams a Act of, Atoty plow Qn, ‘but : alli Chi Yi abate luna aaah nti Srtenpats dhs bt 05 ene of dhe Atatis ef Qn _ —T any Gnienpncts ais bet oe a fubset of aw Bohol, Ack|ol]ohe we ne by the jt —~“qujnition. 24 6 fo Dra's 5 UNa's beth: z Cf as )_F bn (We,E) 0% vey Gnduction ? Tet 09 eae Cn th 4 nil band Osun the Atotemvent- per length nm Break Ww? up os Wa, Who o dll dhe final Symbet a wo ty Inductive hy othuus. Ss (ave), 26) hnvf. Ao. Le both these Acts of NS btades bet, Pa~Pel The Induchive pest ef tia, copii | § fe NFA'S telly wit ieee 4 4 kas SD lll”yoy She bubset Covscuchion ty ws tha L . ; i i SEER Ps Po =n ya) 0 &w (Pi,4) —@) ~ (Use @) § dhat Sy CL oy x) <7 PsP Pre ki dhe induckive. port | the difirition g i jor DA's } us V us STW) O (aT iuey x) a} Oe (tube a) TD we) Ce “She Lqucttion. Os® dune that — hs (Fwy io) ba (Vous) Wie obioWE that DEN both accept vo if F only if 5 (wy) of bo (4010) i haspeivdy. Corttaim Stat. In Fro Huw pacued that Lp): LW)| ee a,b _——— = + CN —_ oS o oO Ce ce ay Pury [2 ee |e OCveb =F vey [5 ve | aman Pf 6CUa)s Gy sf g | {an} 6a, by fay ae, ¢ (Va) BY Pony | Faes4 | fous CC bY AEG y 1 Von Fouad {uch {%, airy | Vo; uy {%0,47.4 SFC ¥o,M). 04 * 6 C00) U6 (04,4) lar, a03 {ee ty «(vou $44 | EE” “PE VOAY EC Vea) bye F(Vo,b\u.6 (,b) ef voyud V4 + J %o yah e —§Cnm)ay- 6 (Veo,a)u 6.(4>,0) none POATEY, ie Vo wy Ao a) by: (epsatdl= LVoyud te}C. f= F oe oD) =D a 7 Son Q* 9 Ae, ov, ay Subset via Tuy, fan}, Ts, Lyon fe, Vii a) § (0,0): fo 4 Fries doy V5 j ta aps a €CW0) + YU Ste CCM, 1)* {a4 iirctiau NeEe [se ° | CEM Ditvey | Lve,any| fon [o “fa 4 1%} tu fey | fan i 5(%0,0 U6 (4,0 p lf 944.0) Zs bhetaedsa tu | py | tony Vi Ma ih : Qo, 9h Va} {aoa} 4 | fa.4% Coan 2 6C40,)U (Vs) LU weany a fvanyl funy | Loy Sige H [voy | L¥o,an} | {Uian! Ff Ci V),04> oe UE (ah, Chall MO * funy soy Hl amananyl Wea} {., fd any fu yor ny * LV} fan G(0,9),0} + 6 (%o,0) 0 6(W 10) Sea 0, Uy Gee, , rs r€(Yo,\)0 BC ai i > {UY UL fe ijl iaaco ap mitra i 7= 0, V) oO 0,0 1, 0 “Efe. “a a ffeegyat (ashe sea ea) sates Lae» * 2 aad ‘ve, Wy Vu J apo | 6 10,V), € 0 Jy i FF (0,4, 4h), ee ane i “ » Ore Uy ey ys 7 —-NI > y YoY (Convo dhe {ellowting fa do DFA - mae a (Oe ad A_[ {3} a 45 [fs} oe2th Ash Subst $y CV, Lah Cy ERY of Pay Lesh Po LUNG, LU SY MSY PAL h SY FS es ()” — —_ POM) E)_ ~ €(Pi0)> FP, vy [ov J C(Pil)> FP} (PVG {P, May | PT ny Lexy litpasy | try 6 (M042 {rh ALPSY bY pasy | fPsy Canyyr fr} fury | orsy pry ALU/SY | Yrs EASY E (no) E54 et asd [of asy fs} SCr)= £43 HH pwnsy]| Cdn sy] EPASy ~E(5,0)> £54 €(S1) * $4 {a2} -Feapu 6(W.0) fPVyut ry . Lp: Y ny EL CPaD, Ty: 6Cru 6 (ay) de we UP yu fry ee y AME vs PLC, n)0}2 Epon) ye EP MY ULSY “LP sy iz eee tyes tay LLY UL py aD 6. (1,5),0}> CCP O) VES oO) Epa ds Bi HOD: 5 (POSES > fpyuSsy oe a psy rma menses ae Ne RY ee ee Tea Efi wn) os ECW, ous ) 2 PRY UPSy So 2 LAsy Lr) y= Cw) v Er) c os vig {ny CFCS), 042 f Cuno 6.0) TUES easy EL MSDS? ne ») . nyvufs Hawes aaa ic es“ef 2y), oy: 6 (Cr) VEC, 9) " ———— as x Pinsy Be Qo LORI: Gera” gould By beet SY cae “Fa: oye &(Pi0) UE (410) vECr,0) U F(S,0)} FPayvgny vysy vssy Ld Poy nys yo ELC Pn, S)iLy * Eto staMospnuecs, 1) « fpyusny vigyuscy + of Psy mee: NEA With. Epsilon sromsition: (€ =NEA) A+ (Q 5,6, 40, £): 2 Empty NFA wa S tupil ou quion tuple hawwma —s > Covhpencants al * E=cesurnc: dumetedE-Clese vis svt , oll — states Which ase Heachalsle from State on Empty Lhamsition’ (£) alyStd: Fae Ta: 4 a 7 [ Eclos€ (u)+ f vp aay Eclos€ (4) > LU * Convent dhe jeuouuing’ NDA 30 BEA: 7 ~_ Sto: Compute &'s Eph (5) l_. eph C%)= 40. %, Su y % 7 Sap3 + Oompa 6, cab we Adve Stoke Ge iy ae [ Atte Yass fe - §(40, usa) aU (%,4) + YUG Ud Lepr 2 Vo Hee at a 1 €ps( oe) f 0,4%, 3 i Ty Tat \ * ECL %,%, 4b) C Fre OEIC Bustant) ean - bu yud ; epae Vyp= = . ~ E_ 2D FMA vy ives VAL EU 4.4 | Foy Puiu} | 4 , onary! [ry be wi vol, d $ LV24 ops Cyr Fh Ge: , CCAATS) “dtaocly itm.) 08 Ch.) + ou our WMS. iz MG GV # EL{W VY Ch = TV} 7 Pa * ECE % a1} ) te (Pm. 7a) SACI 5a. a) “= (U,a) +6 gud "aid OLY wn ya)ag * 6 Chay) Da 4 = LV ais = if sits + OCT at) Te 6 fae ee ( Oa ‘Oe i. ‘ECU, b)U 6C Vb) Cpaity, = W.. be VY Od ie id CPse ayy ? pa ~~ L VireyOn ea bor N= [ 7 ! Quay): See Step: cpa favo} {Vay epsdany 4ouj } j ——p LUY IS Ve Vs My a VY pa Lasts Favs, Uy a pr dogo k vy eps £Vc > £4 Vie VE, Ve 15,44} pad We of Vayays (43, vy, Ve, V1, V2, ie eta Fay V4, VL, Vi, May a Tap fae atea steep) gpa Con) al Steps: Compa 6! Active 6tate {vo OF (Fucya)= Vv) aa) {uy T(Lwmyb)> $4 Active Srate V1 s GE Cfaipa) => foie eC anye) = ne ~ tps (ar) yet rahi G 6 [Mn Ve, Ve Vaya 2 j i ‘ =o(Uep)UC(Vs 9) UE a) VE Cag) DELon a) + gv du Veubudg jibe) 5 Vs pues i op ee {Msi we a, way j Hf § Vat Wy air Ae. b)e Fall sear 0G 2) 0m) véCweb)u J * SC Va,h) a Popodoge 4306 eps > VFL US, V4, VC, 41a V4}E E [ | a b Ve as é a 1,405 aig, 9%, 5,015, a6) Fie 5 4 wn (43,44 Mery {Us 914.45,% a9 FO; 7, 5,14 OH aN EVI 09-0, 9, On 4a. Tse ha 4s 6 $93,974 4c 9n, dn RG WM B66, e874) @) * 6 (45,4) UF Cory aS (ea) UBC a UTED > gu acugn Puou Sd ph Yee f Wig asia aaa, GRC RT Vey Yb) i > Ey ? CADE Ca Data cTu UEC Us Vayb + $0 $0 GU VF Od Ub = Oy CPA + VF 1 WE OMe, a, We, ovatZi {Va 6,14, O10, %9 44) be — 6 (4,4) UF (Vy a)u S(%6,4)06 (47a) U6 (ae,a)u 5.( 40) a WU PU PO SUS = Ve : eps= Vcr SUS, V4 We, on 3 a 6 (445,904, We, 4/5 0/2, O/24b) Lot 26 C%s usu blu s(m oder puta b)V oC V4,b) « dv du MIP UGUS + Va 4 £ Dre ek Ws Oy % En Ve May TAH! OB] BSStepas ps Five xP V0, V1 Va V4 V2} PA SHY LY, Vn Veey eps fury Fart ila ep PAS Ye £ V1 Oa, V3 we, Ve any os Sule Sayyo for ad ps huchs fei Va vy Ve, We aig j eps Lc » Fy Oye Ve, Ve. el = r i th Lory po foyer { vay : ROR P Vay ns fe ep anys {Meh 5 Set Cina S'5 Epes) i “Os Cay [oY Ve,VE Vay Steps: Compute & Active srotr 7 V0, V2, a4 veyFx é(t ( {Vey Wr, Ve. %4 v4 eh o,a) UV ECV) | Aa V6 (Mya) U 60%1,4) . gud VMs bY We “Pa, va | cpa {%, Wx: 4 Vt sy Ys, V4 VO VI AL ive Oy Va, Vee wit, bonis ~ 6 C404) U (anb) Ons) Viana &CYa.b) 2 - gO $0 du or s 7 epee Vex TV, Ys, VE, Ve, Ve, 424 + £ CCE V5 Ve Ve, VY 4) Se Fy0) 0 6 C-V2,4) VEC V3.4) Ud (M4,0).U 6( Uc a) 6 (45.8)0-6 (45.8) 40% 0b $u$u-%EU 4 wal Ws, V2Y —tpsef V3.4) * iu Yo 43,404, Vo sa (4 1142.4, uty OY aaah) 26 vi UgeMn ud Cae DECENTO. ‘ (46, bY U6 C47,b) dad) : ou Baw Be abs {6 aq £1, vs ae= Gli 5 b Pi 11,1, M4, Va} LEY, 2 A 97 Pa 41 ic 5 & 2 “D___ cu 03 us Yn an} ft 42,4 ee i, 413, fn, a ag cy et ary fai, 403,05, Z sua, 4| f mn & fea we 4s, Ut 494 ta wf Ante EV Meer Mt - Ete) R Sasi elie va) (4 teandk Wve, 424 1.8/2, 04 Ve 44 4 76 (W,0)-0 ia DOM UE AVOCA VU o(u y = a cma aps ue UC 0) 3 | + eM eT 4 Oy, V2 ai 4, Ue, 49 BYx (4b) HTT reo Tecate VS (Vb) UEC Vo b) + $0 $0 VO dU PU gu F +f uy eps» “cl 2 U1, V4, VE; Ve, Ve} sale ples). ON IO [OL OA} o>i) a a b Gc ee Ww rn wh Svy ie o ary ( a I< c Ga & tea i eu oe pt) eps (Ves pvy f° & epa(ryes Lary