Class IX Session 2024-25

Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 7

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should in
the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions should be

in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. Look at the following figure and suggest in which of glass container the rate of evaporation will be highest? [1]

a) II b) I

c) IV d) III
2. The proteins and lipids, essential for building the cell membrane, are manufactured by [1]

a) Mitochondria b) Golgi apparatus

c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum d) Plasma membrane

3. The area under the velocity-time graph gives the value of: [1]

a) velocity b) acceleration

c) mass d) distance travelled

4. Some species of fish can be cultured in a single fish pond. These fish do not compete for food as they have [1]
different food habits. In the following options fish are paired with their food habits. Select the incorrect match.

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 a) Cirrhinus mrigala - Bottom feeder b) Labeo rohita - Column feeder

c) Common carp - Surface feeder d) Catla catla - Surface feeder

5. Bones are connected to muscles at the joints by [1]

a) tendon b) adipose tissue

c) areolar tissue d) Ligament

6. The statement 'cells arise only from pre-existing cells' was given by: [1]

a) Louis Pasteur b) Schwann

c) Schleiden d) Rudolf Virchow

7. What mass of CO2 will 3.011 × 1023 molecules contain? [1]

a) 4.4 g b) 11.0 g

c) 44.0 g d) 22.0 g
8. A nail is inserted in the trunk of a tree at a height of 1 metre from the ground level. After 3 years the nail will [1]

a) move downloads b) remain at the same position

c) move sideways d) move upwards

9. The level of water in a measuring cylinder before and after a solid of 8 g mass is fully immersed into it as [1]
shown.The density of the given solid is:

a) 4 g/cm3 b) 3 g/cm3

c) 2 g/cm3 d) 5 g/cm3

10. What does the slope of the velocity-time graph give? [1]

a) acceleration b) force

c) displacement d) distance

11. How many electrons are present in the species He2+ ion? [1]

a) 2 b) 0

c) 4 d) 8
12. Those organs of the body like oral cavity, esophagus, etc., which are subjected to mechanical abrasions are lined [1]
by

a) stratified cuboidal epithelium b) simple squamous epithelium

c) simple columnar epithelium d) stratified squamous epithelium

13. Plant cell does not burst in a hypotonic solution because ________. [1]

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 a) Its cell sap is rich in cellulose b) Its cell sap is more concentrated

c) Its cell wall resists bursting d) It does not have lysosomes

14. A student added only two drops of iodine to a rice extract in test tube 'A'. Another student added a little rice [1]
extract to iodine solution in test tube 'B'. They would then observe:

a) no change of colour in any test tube b) a change of colour to blue-black in both

tubes 'A' and 'B'

c) a change of colour to blue-black in test tube d) a change of colour to blue-black in test tube
'B' but not in test tube 'A' 'A' but not in test tube 'B'
15. Which of the following settles down when allowed to stand undisturbed doe sometimes? [1]

a) Copper sulphate solution b) Blood

c) Muddy water d) Solution of egg albumin in water

16. Which of the following is the high milk yielding variety of a cow? [1]

a) Red sindhi b) Holstein

c) Dorset d) Sahiwal
17. Assertion (A): When the displacement of a body is directly proportional to the square of the time. Then the [1]
body is moving with uniform acceleration.
Reason (R): The slope of velocity-time graph with time axis gives acceleration.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): A gas can be easily compressed by applying pressure. [1]
Reason (R): Since the inter-particle spaces in the gaseous state are very small, they cannot be decreased by
applying pressure.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): Student of class IX covered the potted plant with a glass jar, water vapour appears on the wall of [1]
the glass jar.
Reason (R): Desert plants, the epidermis has a thick waxy coating of cutin chemical substance with waterproof
quality on its outer surface.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): The atoms of different elements having same mass number but different atomic numbers are [1]
known as isobars.
Reason (R): The sum of protons and neutrons, in the isobars is always different.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the

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 explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. The weight of a person on a planet A is about half of that on the Earth. He can jump up to 0.4 m high on the [2]
Earth. How high can he jump on planet A?
OR
The speed of a vehicle of mass 500 kg increases from 36 km/h to 72 km/h. Calculate the increase in its kinetic
energy.
22. What is evaporation? What are the factors affecting it? [2]
23. What do you understand by loud and soft sound? [2]
24. What is happen when solid ammonium chloride is heated? [2]
25. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road if the [2]

vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 ms-2?

OR

A bullet of mass 5 g travelling at a speed of 120 ms-1 penetrates deeply into the fixed target and is brought to rest in
0.01 s. Calculate: (a) the distance of penetration in the target, (b) the average force exerted on the bullet.
26. What is the difference between cathode rays and canal rays. Why are canal rays called so? [2]
Section C
27. i. On which factors the speed of sound depends? [3]
ii. How bat searches its prey at night?
28. Rutherford's atomic model was a reasonably good model of structure of atom based on the famous particle [3]
scattering experiment. However, it was subsequently modified by Neils Bohr and later on, by others. The
resulting improvements in the understanding of atomic structure have greatly contributed to further scientific
advancement. There are many other similar examples in scientific field when original contributors happily
accept modifications in their ideas.
Answer the following questions based on the above information:
i. Name the scientific values associated with above anecdotes.
ii. Give any example from your life experiences so far which reflects display of such a value by you as an
individual.
iii. In what way such a personal attribute is likely to help you?
29. Four cars A, B, C and D are moving on a leveled road. Their distance versus time graphs are shown in figure. [3]
Which car is the slowest.

OR
Write a short note on uniform circular motion.

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30. Shyam and his friends were playing with a catapult (gulel) in his garden. Several mangoes were dislodged and [3]
fell with the help of catapult. One of his friend was aiming the catapult on a bird. Shyam prevented him from
doing so.
a. Name the energy possessed by the stretched string of the catapult.
b. What will happen if the stone is thrown without stretching the string of a catapult?
c. Why did Shyam prevent his friend from aiming at the bird? Which quality is highlighted in Shyam's
behaviour?
31. The speed-time graph of a car is given. The car weighs 1000 kg. [3]
i. What is the distance travelled by car in the first 2s?
ii. What is the braking force applied at the end of 5 s to bring the car to stop within one second?

32. Distinguish between Plant cell and Animal cells. [3]

OR

a. Identify A and B cells.

b. What will happen if B cells are kept in hypotonic solution?
c. What will happen if A cells are kept in hypertonic solution?
33. What is a permanent tissue? Classify permanent tissues and describe them. [3]
Section D
34. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth and a 1 kg object on its surface? (Mass of the [5]
earth is 6 × 10 24
kg and radius of the earth is6.4 × 10 m).
6

OR
A stone is dropped from a 100 m high tower. How long does it take to fall?
a. the first 50 m and
b. the second 50 m.
35. Grass looks green, papaya appears yellow. Which cell organelle is responsible for this? [5]
OR
Draw a plant cell and label the parts which
i. determines the function and development of the cell
ii. packages materials coming from the endoplasmic reticulum
iii. provides resistance to microbes to withstand hypotonic external media without bursting
iv. is site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life.
v. is a fluid contained inside the nucleus

36. i. What factors affect the solubility of solvent and solute? [5]
ii. State the differences between compounds and mixtures

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 Section E
37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Animal tissues are of many types such as epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
Blood is a type of connective tissue, and muscle forms muscular tissue. The nature of the matrix differs in
concordance with the function of the particular connective tissue. Blood has a fluid (liquid) matrix called
plasma, in which red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles and platelets are suspended. Blood flows and
transports gases, digested food, hormones and waste materials to different parts of the body. Bone is another
example of connective tissue. It forms the framework that supports the body. It also anchors the muscles and
supports the main organs of the body. Another type of connective tissue, cartilage, has widely spaced cells.

i. Identify the following tissue. (1)

ii. Are the cells of connective tissues loosely spaced? (1)

iii. What are the components of the matrix of bone? (2)
OR
Where is cartilage found in the human body? (2)
38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Culture fishery is rearing and harvesting of fish in small water bodies. The best method of culture fishery is
composite fish culture, Here, fishes are selected on the basis of their growth rate, palatability, area of feeding and
tolerance towards others. All of them have their exclusive zone and type of feeding. There are three zones-
surface, middle zone and bottom. Each zone can have 2 or even 3 feeding options.
You have studied the various fishes that can be accomodated in different zones of pond culture.
i. How many fishes can be accommodated at the bottom zone? (1)
ii. What types of fish can occur on the surface zone of fresh water fish ponds? (1)
iii. Where is fish Catla found in a fresh water culture pond? (2)
OR
Which fish feeds on filamentous algae and decaying vegetation? (2)
39. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Homogeneous mixtures are regarded as solutions or true solutions. Heterogeneous mixtures are of two types.
These are suspensions and colloidal solutions. These differ in the size of the particles responsible for the

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difference in their properties. In a suspension, the particle size is more than 10-5 cm whereas in a colloidal
solution, it ranges between 10-5 cm to 10-7 cm. The two phases which constitute colloidal solutions, are
dispersed phase and dispersion medium. Based upon their nature, the colloidal solutions are classified into eight
types. The mixture of the non-reacting gases is always homogeneous irrespective of their nature. Therefore, it is
not a colloidal solution.
i. Scattering of light occurs when a beam of light is passed through Blood. Why? (1)
ii. What is Tyndall effect? (1)
iii. What is called colloidal solution? (2)
OR
Give an example of colloidal solution and identified their dispersed phase and dispersion medium? (2)

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 Solution
Section A
1.
(d) III
Explanation: The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in surface area because evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
Also, with the increase in air speed, the particles of water vapour will move away with air, which will increase the rate of
evaporation.
2.
(c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The proteins and lipids, essential for building the cell membrane, are synthesized by the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER). The ribosomes attached to the RER help in this process.
3.
(d) distance travelled
Explanation: The area under a velocity-time graph represents the distance covered and the gradient of a velocity-time graph
represents the acceleration.
4.
(c) Common carp - Surface feeder
Explanation: Common carp is a bottom feeder, as it is detritivorous/omnivorous.
5. (a) tendon
Explanation: The bone is a connective tissue with a hard matrix, composed of calcium and phosphorus. A bone is connected
by muscle with connective tissue, called a tendon.
6.
(d) Rudolf Virchow
Explanation: This statement was proposed by Rudolf Virchow in 1855. This theory is called Virchow's theory or Cell lineage
theory. This the theory made as a result of objection to the Cell theory.
7.
(d) 22.0 g
Explanation: The molecular mass of CO2 is 44 (12 + 26 × 2).

6.022 × 1023 molecules of carbon will contain 44 g.

Hence, 3.011 × 1023 molecules of CO2 will contain a mass of 22 g.

8.
(b) remain at the same position
Explanation: When a nail is inserted in the trunk of a tree at a height of 1 metre from the ground, even after 3 year the nail
remains at same level. It does not moves upwards as the apical meristem responsible for growth (length) is present in the apices
only and lateral meristem responsible of increase in girth will lead to no change in length.
9.
(c) 2 g/cm3
mass 8 8
Explanation: Density =
volume
=
9 −5
=
4
= 2 g/cm
3

10. (a) acceleration

Explanation: We can find out the value of acceleration from the slope of the velocity-time graph of a moving body.
Change in velocity
Acceleration = time
= Slope of the velocity-time graph provided.
11.
(b) 0
Explanation: Helium (He) has two electrons in its atom. The cation (He2+) is formed through the loss of 2 electrons from the
outer-most shell of the atom. Hence, the number of electrons in He2+ will be 0.

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12.
(d) stratified squamous epithelium
Explanation: A nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium is found at three prominent sites in the animal body:
i. lining the esophagus,
ii. lining the sides and floor of the oral cavity, and
iii. lining the vagina.

13.
(c) Its cell wall resists bursting
Explanation: Cell wall exerts a pressure on the cytoplasm in the opposite direction. It prevents bursting of the cell in a
hypotonic solution and limits endosmosis to a certain extent.
14.
(b) a change of colour to blue-black in both tubes 'A' and 'B'
Explanation: Iodine + Starch Solution → Blue-black colour
Starch act as an indicator of the presence of iodine.
15.
(c) Muddy water
Explanation: Muddy water will settle down because particles are heavy and settle due to gravity. Setting down of coarse
particles under the influence of gravity is called sedimentation. During sedimentation, heavier particles settle down faster than
finer particles.
16.
(b) Holstein
Explanation: Holstein Friesians is a breed of dairy cattle originating from the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Friesland,
and Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany and Jutland. They are known as the world's highest-production dairy animals.
On an average Holstein Friesian (HF) cow gives 10,000-12,000 litres of milk in a 10-month lactation cycle, whereas the yields
from a desi cow are only 3,000-3,600 litres.
17.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
18.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Since the inter-particle spaces in the gaseous state are very large, they can be decreased by applying pressure.
Thus, a gas can be easily compressed by applying pressure.
19.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: When the potted plant is covered by a glass jar water vapour appears on the jar because of transpiration due to
which water is released from the plant in the form of water vapour which appears on the glass jar.
20.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number which is same for isobars.
Section B
21. Let, Potential energy of a person on Earth = mg1h1
Potential energy of same person on planet 'A' = mg2h2
Since, The potential energy of the person will remain the same on the Earth and on planet A.
Therefore, mg1h1 = mg2h2
Since mass remains same, So, if g1 = g, then g2 = 1

2
g
g h1 g×0.4
Here, h1 = 0.4 ; Now h2 = 1

g
= g
2 2

or h2 = 0.4 × 2 = 0.8 m.
Therefore, he can jump on plant A= 0.8m

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 OR
Given mass, m = 500 kg
The given unit of speed is km/h. It is to be converted into m/s.
= 1 km/h
1×1000 metre
= 3600 second

= 5

18
m/s

Initial speed, u = 36 km/h

= 36 × m/s 18
5

= 10 m/s
Final speed = v = 72 km/h
= 72 × m/s 18
5

= 20 m/s
Gain in KE = Final KE - Initial KE
= mυ − mu
1

2
2 1

2
2

1
= 2
m × (υ
2 2
− u )

= 1

2
× 500 × [(20)
2 2
− (10) ]

= 1

2
× 500 × [400 − 100]

= 1

2
× 500 × 300

= 75000 joule
= 7.5 × 10 J 4

22. Evaporation is the process by which water (liquid) changes to vapours (gaseous form) at any temperature below its boiling point.
Factors on which evaporation depends:-
(a) Surface area
(b) Humidity
(c) Wind speed
(d) Temperature
23. Louder sound: - Sound which has a higher amplitude and high energy are called louder sound.

Softer sound: - Sound which has lesser amplitude and less energy are called soft sound.

24. It will directly change to the vapour state without passing through the liquid state. The process is known as sublimation.
25. Here,
Mass of the automobile,m = 1,500 kg
Negative acceleration,a = -1.7 ms-2
Force needed to stop the vehicle,F =?
Using the relation, F=ma
=1500 kg × (-1.7 ms-2) = -2,550 kg ms-2 = -2550 N

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 The negative value of the force indicates that it is acting in the direction opposite to the direction of motion.So,the retarding force
needed to stop the vehicle is 2550 N.
OR
m = 5 g = 5 × 10-3 kg u = 120 ms-1, v = 0, t = 0.01s
a. From the relation v = u + at
We have 0 = 120 + a × 0.01
= -12000 ms-2 (the negative sign here shows retardation)
120
or a = − 0.01

Distance of penetration in the target

S = ut + 1

2
at2 we have
(-12000) × (0.01)2 = 0.6 m
1
S = 120 × 0.01 + 2
×

b. Average retarding force F = ma = (5 × 10-3) × (12000) = 60N

Sr.-
cathod rays canal rays
26. No.
Canal rays or positive rays
Cathode rays are those
are those which contain
which contain negative
positive ions and are
1. ions and are negatively
positively charged. These
charged. These negative
positive ions are called
ions are called electrons.
protons.
For cathode rays, the
value of e/m ratio of e/m ratio of constituent
2. constituent particles does particles depend upon nature
not depend upon nature of of gas.
gas in the discharge tube.
But magnitude of charge Magnitude of charge in
3. in cathode rays is always canal rays is +1, but also +2,
-1. +3, ....
Canal rays are also known as cathode rays because all the rays move towards the positive side which known as anode and it is
because of this it is also known as anode rays
Section C
27. i. The speed of sound tells us the rate at which the sound travels from the sound-producing body to our ears. The speed of sound
depends on a number of factors. These are given below:
a. The speed of sound depends on the nature of the material through which it travels.
b. The speed of sound depends on the temperature.
c. The speed of sound depends on the humidity of the air.
ii. Bats search their prey at night by the method of echolocation. They emit high-frequency ultrasonic squeaks while flying and
listen to the echoes produced by the reflection of their squeaks from the prey like a flying object. From the time taken by the
echo to be heard, bats can judge the distance of the insect and hence catch it.
28. i. Scientific values associated with above anecdotes are intellectual honesty, open-mindedness, and ability to accept failure for
the benefit of the common good.
ii. Mention any example(s) - say your perception about culture and traditions / your incorrect understanding of a physical
phenomenon - and subsequent change in belief.
iii. Such a personal attribute helps in the improvement of the cognitive/thought processes, and leads to a better learning.
29. Speed = Slope of distance - time graph. The smaller the slope, the smaller is the speed.
OR
When a body moves in a circle, it is called circular motion. When the velocity of an object changes, we say that the object is
accelerating. The change in the velocity could be due to change in its magnitude or the direction of the motion or both.

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 If the athlete is running along a hexagonal shaped path ABCDEF, the athlete will have to change his direction six times while he
completes one round. If the athlete moves with a velocity of constant magnitude along the circular path, the only change in his
velocity is due to the change in the direction of motion.
The motion of the athlete moving along a circular path is an example of an accelerated motion.
The circumference of a circle of radius r is given by 2πr. If the athlete takes t seconds to go once around the circular path of radius
r, the velocity v is given by
v= 2πr

When an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its motion is called uniform circular motion.
30. a. Potential energy.
b. If the stone is thrown without stretching the string of catapult the stone will fall down. As the stretched catapult possess
potential energy due to stretch. It throws the stone with the high speed as string is released.
c. Shyam prevents his friend form aiming at the bird because stone could harm the bird and he does not want to harm or kill the
bird, this shows his care and love for the living beings.
31. i. Distance travelled by car in first 2 s = Area of ΔOAD = 1

2
× 2 × 15 = 15 m

ii. Braking force, F = m × a

Given, mass of the car, m = 1000 kg, initial velocity, u = 15 m/s, final velocity, v = 0, time, t = 1 s
v−u 0−15
On appliying, a = t
⇒ a= = −15 m/s
1
2

∴ F = m a = 1000 × (-15) = - 15000 N

Sr.
Plant Cell Animal Cell
32. No.
1. Cell wall is present. Cell wall is absent.
2. Plastids are present. Plastids are absent.
Animal cell are smaller in
3. Plant cell are larger in size.
size.
Animal cells can change
4. Plant cells cannot change shape.
their shape.
Nucleus lies on one side in the Nucleus usually lies in
5.
peripheral cytoplasm. the centre.
Food is stored in the form of Food is stored in the form
6.
starch . of glycogen .
Produce own food through
7. Cannot photosynthesize.
photosynthesis.
OR
a. A Cells- Turgid cells. B Cells- Plasmolysed cells.
b. If a B cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the plant cell loses water and hence turgor pressure by plasmolysis: pressure
decreases to the point where the protoplasm of the cell peels away from the cell wall, leaving gaps between the cell wall and
the membrane and making the plant cell shrink and crumple.
c. When a fully turgid plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out, first from cytoplasm and then from vacuole.
Cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall. This phenomenon is known as plasmolysis.
33. Permanent tissues are derived from meristematic tissue but their cells have lost the power of division and have attained their
definite form.

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 Permanent tissues are classified into - Simple permanent tissue and Complex permanent tissue.
i. Simple permanent tissues: These tissues are composed of cells which are structurally and functionally similar. Simple
permanent tissues are further classified into the following three types:-
a. Parenchyma: Parenchyma forms the bulk of the plant body. Parenchyma cells are living and possess the power of division.
b. Collenchyma: Collenchyma tissue is also living. It is characterised by the deposition of extra cellulose at the corners of the
cells.
c. Sclerenchyma: Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells and they are devoid of protoplasm. The cell walls of sclerenchyma are
largely thickened due to deposits of lignin.
ii. Complex permanent tissues: The complex tissues consist of more than one type of cells having a common origin. All these
cells coordinate to perform a common function.
Complex permanent tissues are of the following two types:-
a. Xylem: Xylem is a vascular and mechanical tissue. It is a conducting tissue. Xylem is composed of four different types of
cells: (i)Tracheids (ii) Vessels (iii) Xylem parenchyma (iv) Xylem sclerenchyma. Except xylem parenchyma, all other xylem
elements are dead and bounded by thick lignified walls.
b. Phloem: Like xylem, phloem is vascular but has no mechanical function. Phloem is composed of following four elements: (i)
Sieve tubes (ii) Companion cells (iii) Phloem parenchyma (iv) Phloem fibres. Except phloem fibres, all other phloem elements
are living.
Xylem and phloem are both conducting tissues and also known as vascular tissues; together, both of them constitute the vascular
bundle.

Refer:

Section D
G× Me × mo
34. Fgravitation = 2
r

−11 24
6.67× 10 ×6× 10 ×1
=
6 2
(6.4×10 )

−11+24
6.67×6×10
=
12
6.4×6.4×10
6.67×6 −11+24−12
= × 10
6.4×6.4

= 0.9770 × 10N = 9.770N

OR
Initial velocity ,u=0
Total height, h = 100 m
a. Let, for the first 50 m the time taken by the stone be ‘t’ sec.
S=-50 m (- ve sign shows the stone falls in downward direction)
g = -10 m/s2
1 2
h = s = ut + gt
2 1

1 2
⟹ −50 = 0 + (−10)t
2 1

2
⟹ −50 = −5t
1
50 2
⟹ = t
5 1

⟹
2
t
1
= 10
−−
⟹ t1 = √10

∴ t1 = 3.16 sec
b. For the entire journey,let the time taken be T
u=0
S = -100 m
2
a = −10m/s

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 1 2
S = ut + aT
2
1 2
⇒ −100 = 0 + × (−10) T
2

⇒ T2 = 20
−−
⇒ T = √20

⇒ T = 4.47 sec
∴ Time taken to fall through the next 50 m = T - t1 = 4.47 - 3.16 = 1.31 sec

35. Plastids are responsible. These are found in plant cells only. Plastids are the major cell organelles in plants. On the basis of
pigments present in plastids, they are divided into two types;
i. the colourless leucoplasts and
ii. the pigmented chromoplasts.
The colourless leucoplasts store starch, oil and protein granules whereas the pigmented chromoplasts have different colours and
can be of several types. The most important ones are those containing the pigment chlorophyll, known as chloroplasts, which is
responsible for the preparation of food by photosynthesis. Other chromoplasts contain non-green pigments, which are responsible
for the characteristic colours of fruits and flowers.
OR
i. Nucleus
ii. Golgi apparatus
iii. Cell wall
iv. Cytoplasm
v. Nucleoplasm.

Figure: A plant cell

36. i. a. Temperature: For the majority of solutions of solid-in-liquid and liquid-in-liquid types, solubility increases with
temperature. However, for solutions of gases-in-water type, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
b. Pressure: It is applicable to gas-in-liquid solutions. An increase in pressure increases the solubility of a gas. For example,
aerated drinks contain carbon dioxide gas under pressure.
c. Mechanical Stirring: Mechanical stirring increases solubility. For example, sugar dissolves faster on stirring with a
spoon.
d. Size of Solute Particles: Smaller the particle size of solute, greater is the solubility. For example, it is easier to dissolve
powdered sugar than granules of sugar.
ii. Compounds
a. Compounds are pure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more elements combined chemically.
c. The constituents of a compound are present in a fixed ratio.
d. Compounds have fixed properties. For example, a particular compound will have fixed temperatures at which it melts and
boils.
e. A compound can have properties different from its constituents, as a new substance is formed when the constituents are
chemically combined.
f. The constituents of a compound can be separated only by chemical methods.
Mixtures

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 a. Mixtures are impure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more substances mixed physically.
c. The constituents of a mixture are present in varying ratios.
d. Mixtures do not have fixed properties. Their properties depend on the nature of their compo­nents and the ratios in which
they are combined.
e. In mixtures, no new substance is formed. The properties of a mixture are the same as the properties of its constituents.
f. The constituents of a mixture can be separated easily by physical methods.
Section E
37. i. Adipose tissue.
ii. The cells of the connective tissue are loosely spaced and invaded in and intracellular matrix.
iii. Calcium and phosphorus compounds.
OR
Cartilage is found in the nose, ear, and trachea in the human body.
38. i. Three on detritus, vegetation and other organisms.
ii. Two, one herbivore and one carnivore
iii. Only in surface zone
OR
Rohu feeds on filamentous algae and decaying vegetation.
39. i. Since blood is a colloid, so tyndall effect is observed when a beam of light is passed through it since the dispersed particles of
a colloid are large, deflect light.
ii. The phenomenon by which the colloidal particles scatter light is called Tyndall effect. If light is passed through a colloid the
light is scattered by the larger colloidal particles and the, beam becomes visible.
iii. Colloidal solutions area mixture in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid. A colloid is a very tiny and small
material that is spread out uniformly all through another substance.
OR
Fog: Liquid (water drops) acts as dispersed phase and gas (air) as the dispersion medium.

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