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Unix Mid Prep - Merged

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11 views23 pages

Unix Mid Prep - Merged

Uploaded by

diwyanshshukla8888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handling Ordinary Files – File attributes

> Some lines have been changed.: This line was modified in file2.txt compared to file1.txt.

4a5,6: This indicates that new lines have been added starting from line 5 in file2.txt.

a denotes the addition of lines.

5,6 denotes the range of lines added.

> New lines have been added. and > New lines have been added at the end.: These lines are
the additions in file2.txt.

`zip` command: PACKAGE & COMPRESS ( ARCHIEVE ) FILES

✓ The `zip` command is a commonly used utility for creating compressed archive files in
the ZIP format.
✓ It allows you to combine multiple files and directories into a single compressed
archive, making it easier to store and transfer large amounts of data.
Syntax:
zip [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE_NAME(.zip) FILE1 FILE2 ...

NOTE:
• Archiving refers to the process of collecting and storing data files or directories in a
compressed format or a single container file.
• The purpose of archiving is to reduce the size of the data and organize it for efficient
storage, backup, and transfer.
• When files or directories are archived, they are typically compressed to occupy less
disk space.
• Archiving software, such as ZIP, TAR, or RAR, is commonly used to create and
extract archives.
• Compressing refers to the process of reducing the size of files or directories by using
compression algorithms.

Dept. of CS
Handling Ordinary Files – File attributes

`zip` command with OPTIONS:


Ø -r or --recurse-paths: Recursively includes directories and their contents in the
archive.
Ø -j or --junk-paths: Stores files without including their directory paths.
Ø -u or --update: Updates an existing archive with new or modified files.
Ø -d or --delete: Deletes files or directories from an existing archive.
Ø -v or --verbose: Displays detailed output while creating the archive.

Examples:
1. Create a basic ZIP archive named sample.zip containing two files:
$ zip sample.zip.zip file1.txt file2.txt
2. Create a ZIP archive recursively including a directory and its contents:
$ zip -r sample.zip directory
3. Update an existing ZIP archive with new or modified files:
$ zip -u sample.zip newfile.txt
4. Delete files from an existing ZIP archive:
$ zip -d sample.zip file1.txt

Dept. of CS
Handling Ordinary Files – File attributes

`unzip` command: LIST, TEST, EXTRACT COMPRESSED FILES IN A ZIP ARCHIVE


✓ The `unzip` command is a utility used to extract files and directories from ZIP
archives.
✓ It allows you to decompress and restore the original files from a compressed ZIP
archive.
Syntax:
unzip [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE.zip

`unzip` command with OPTIONS:


Ø -l or --list: Lists the contents of the ZIP archive without extracting them.
Ø -d or --DIRECTORY: Specifies the destination directory where the files will be
extracted. If not provided, the files are extracted to the current working directory.
Ø -o or --overwrite: Overwrites existing files without prompting for confirmation.
Ø -x FILE or --exclude FILE: Excludes specific files from extraction.
Ø -P PASSWORD or --password PASSWORD: Provides a password to extract
encrypted ZIP archives.
Examples:
1. Extract all files from a ZIP archive:
$ unzip sample.zip
2. Extract files from a ZIP archive to a specific directory:
$ unzip archive.zip -d /path/to/destination
3. List the contents of a ZIP archive without extracting:
$ unzip -l archive.zip
4. Extract a password-protected ZIP archive:
$ unzip -P mypassword encrypted.zip

Dept. of CS
Handling Ordinary Files – File attributes

`od` command: DUMP FILES IN OCTAL OR OTHER FORMATS


✓ The `od` command is used to display the content of files in various formats (human
readable format).
✓ It can be used to view binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representations of data.
✓ The od command is often used for debugging purposes or to examine the contents of
binary files.
✓ Many files containing non-printable characters (such as `\n`, `\r`, `\b`) and most UNIX
commands do not display them properly.
Syntax:
od [options] [FILES]..
Example:
$ od file1.txt
`od` command with OPTIONS:
Ø -a or --address-radix=<radix>: Specifies the address radix to use for displaying file
offsets. The supported radix values are o for octal (default), x for hexadecimal, d for
decimal, n for none, or t for "traditional" octal (leading zeros suppressed).
Ø -b or --format=byte: Displays the file content in binary format.
Ø -c or --format=char: Displays the file content as characters, showing both printable
and non-printable characters.
Dept. of CS

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