SCIT121/0932-2021 OYARO ENOCK AMINGA

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS ASSISGNMENT

1.First generation computers used vacuum tubes

2.The volatile memory is RAM

3.The output device is Monitor

4.The input device is Mouse

5.Plotter is used for printing building plan, flex board,etc.

6.In ATM machines a Touch screen is used

7.When a system restarts Warm booting is used

8.POST stands for Power on Self-Test

9.RAM is the main memory of a computer

10.Third generation computers used ICs

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.Computer

2.Internet

3.CPU

4.Input device

5.Icon

6.RAM

7.Motherboard

8.Hardware

9.Output Device

10.Hard drive

11.Disk drive

12.Software

13.Operating System

14.Click the start button and select program from the menu
15.Yes

16.Jeandoe.gmail.com

17.Yahoo and Google

18.Highlight the text

19.Shift

20.All of the above

21.Yes

SECTION B

1. A computer is a device or equipment that follows instructions from a hardware or software program
to carry out tasks, calculations, and activities.

2. While information places such facts into context, data is a collection of facts. Information is ordered,
whereas data is raw and unorganized. Data points are unique and occasionally unrelated. Information
arranges that data in a big-picture manner to show how everything goes together.

3. control unit (CU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU)registers, cache, buses, clock.

4. Simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and logic operations like OR and AND are all
performed by the ALU. The program's data and instructions are stored in the memory.

5. The central processing unit's control unit coordinates and controls the computer's operations.

6. Memory is a process or system that stores new information for later use. The three fundamental tasks
of our memory are information encoding, storage, and retrieval.

7. An input device is a device you attach to a computer so the computer can receive information from
you. An output device is a device that you connect to a computer and get data from the computer.

8. The CPU of the computer can directly access only the primary memory; it cannot do the same with
the secondary memory.

SECTION C

1.
Speed. A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while
performing mathematical calculations. …
Accuracy. Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. ...
Diligence
Versatility
Reliability
Memory

2.
Medical Field
Entertainment
Industry
Education
Government
Banking
Business

3
An input device is a piece of hardware used to supply information and control signals to
an information processing system.
Examples include:Mouse,Keyboard

4
Plotter
Projector
Speaker

5.
The source of light is the primary distinction between an optical mouse and a laser mouse. An infrared
LED light is used by an optical mouse to illuminate the surface. A laser mouse projects a laser beam onto
the surface.

6.
An ink ribbon and paper come into touch directly when an impact printer is operating. The ink ribbon is
struck by a metal or plastic head, which causes the ribbon to push against the paper and print the
appropriate character (letter, digit, dot, or line) on the page.

7.
Ultra-reliable Extremely Low Latency Communications.

High capacity (in short range)

Seamless networks (invisible to user)

Very high security and privacy.

Optimized power.

8.
Speed.

Automation.

Accuracy.

Permanent Storage.

Secrecy and Agile.

Diligence.

Versatility.

SECTION D

1.
Input Unit, Memory Unit, Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and Output Unit
.

2
FIRST GENERATION: VACUUM TUBES (1940–1956)
The earliest computers used gigantic, room-sized vacuum tubes as their main memory and magnetic
drums as their circuitry. The original computers were highly expensive to run and consumed a lot of
electricity in addition to producing a lot of heat, which frequently led to malfunctions. A maximum of
20,000 characters may fit inside the device.

SECOND GENERATION: TRANSISTORS (1956–1963)

Transistors would take the role of vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers, changing the
world. The transistor was created in 1947 at Bell Labs, but it wasn't used frequently in computers until
the late 1950s. Hardware innovations including magnetic core memory, magnetic tape, and the
magnetic disk were also present in this generation of computers.

THIRD GENERATION: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964–1971)

The third generation of computers were distinguished by the advancement of the integrated circuit.
Computer speed and efficiency significantly increased after transistors were shrunk and installed on
silicon chips, or semiconductors.
FOURTH GENERATION: MICROPROCESSORS (1971–
PRESENT)
The fourth generation of computers was introduced with the microprocessor, which allowed
thousands of integrated circuits to be packed onto a single silicon chip. The first generation's
technology, which once filled a whole room, can now fit in the palm of your hand. Input/output
controls, memory, the central processing unit, and other components were all combined into a single
chip in the 1971-developed Intel 4004 chip.

FIFTH GENERATION: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (PRESENT

AND BEYOND)
Although there are some applications, like voice recognition, that are being used now, fifth-
generation computer technology, based on artificial intelligence, is still in development.
Superconductors and parallel processing are two technologies that are making artificial intelligence a
reality. Additionally, this generation is now the best at fitting a significant amount of storage into a
small, portable device.

3
INKJET PRINTER

An inkjet printer is a computer peripheral that produces hard copy by spraying ink onto paper
MULTIMEDIA PROJECTOR

A multimedia projector is a portable, full-color, high-resolution projector that can display text, images,
video, and audio.

BARCODE/QR CODE READER

A type of barcode that can be read easily by a digital device and which stores information as a series of
pixels in a square-shaped grid

4
A computer can perform any operation that a calculator is capable of performing, but a calculator
cannot carry out the logical and highly complex problems.

DIFFERENCES

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes. This allowed computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more
energy efficient and reliable than first generation of computers. Second generations of computer used
punched cards for input and printouts for output. Assembly language was used instead of machine
language.
SIMILARITY

1 both can do almost anything

2 both can hold memory by gigabytes

3 store information

4 both use same types of systems