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Chapter9 Key Concepts

chapter 9 key concepts

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14 views

Chapter9 Key Concepts

chapter 9 key concepts

Uploaded by

ashyam3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EEE203

Dr. Chao Wang Key Concepts Chapter 9

Laplace Transform ∞ 𝑋(𝑗𝜔) = 𝑋(𝑠)|𝜎=0


𝑋(𝑠) = ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡, 𝑠 = 𝜎 + 𝑗𝜔 {
𝑋(𝑠) = 𝐹{𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝜎𝑡 }
Properties Table 9.1
Basic Transform Pairs Table 9.2

𝑁(𝑠) Poles (x): roots of D(s); Zeros (○): roots of N(s)


𝑋(𝑠) =
𝐷(𝑠) Zero at infinity: order of D(s) polynomial > order of N(s) polynomial
Pole at infinity: order of D(s) polynomial < order of N(s) polynomial

Multiple signals can have the same form of Laplace transform but with different Region of
Convergence (ROCs).
Signal Type ROC
Finite Duration Signal If x(t) is absolutely integrable, entire s-plane
Right -sided Signal 𝑁(𝑠)
If 𝑋(𝑠) = (rational), right half plane to the right of the right-
𝐷(𝑠)
most pole
Left-sided signal 𝑁(𝑠)
If 𝑋(𝑠) = (rational), left half plane to the left of the left-most
𝐷(𝑠)
pole
Two-sided signal 𝑁(𝑠)
If 𝑋(𝑠) = (rational), the strip parallel to the jω axis bounded by
𝐷(𝑠)
poles
𝐶𝑇𝐹𝑇 𝑋(𝑗𝜔)𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 ⇔ 𝑅𝑂𝐶 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑗𝜔 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑅𝑒{𝑠} = 0)
𝑥(𝑡)𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒,
∞
𝑖. 𝑒. , ∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|𝑑𝑡 < ∞
−∞

System Properties
Causal 𝑁(𝑠)
If 𝐻(𝑠) = 𝐷(𝑠) (rational), ROC of a causal system function is the right
half plane to the right of the right-most pole.
Stable ROC of a stable system function includes the entire jω axis (𝑅𝑒{𝑠} =
0).
Causal and Stable ROC of a causal and stable system function has all poles in the left-
half plane, i.e., all of the poles have negative real parts.

CT LTI system characterized by linear-constant coefficient differential equation (Transfer


Function)
𝑁 𝑁
𝑑𝑘 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑘 𝑥(𝑡)
∑ 𝑎𝑘 ( ) = ∑ 𝑏𝑘 ( )
𝑑𝑡𝑘 𝑑𝑡𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑘=0

𝑌(𝑠) [∑𝑀 𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑏𝑘 𝑠 ]
𝑌(𝑠)[∑𝑁 𝑘 𝑀 𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 𝑠 ] = 𝑋(𝑠)[∑𝑘=0 𝑏𝑘 𝑠 ], 𝐻(𝑠) = 𝑋(𝑠) = [∑𝑁 𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 𝑠 ]

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EEE203
Dr. Chao Wang Key Concepts Chapter 9

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EEE203
Dr. Chao Wang Key Concepts Chapter 9

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