RPH REVIEWER
HISTORY: Traditional understanding
Study of past events
Chronological order of significants events often including explanation
HISTORY: Modern understanding
Came from Greek word “Historia” that means “knowledged acquired through inquiry or investigation”
HISTORIANS: Experts in studying and writing history.
HISTORIOGRAPHY: Practice of HISTORICAL WRITING.
HISTORICAL SILENCES: It is a gap in historical record resulting from the unintentional or purposeful absence or disortion of
documentation.
HISTORICAL WRITING: Traditional method
Gathering of documents from different library and archives.
HISTORICAL WRITING: Traditional method
Using related areas of study such as ARCHAEOLOGY and GEOGRAPHY.
FAMOUS HISTORIANS:
1. Louis Reichenthal Gottschalk - Author of UNDERSTANDING HISTORY: A PRIMER OF HISTORICAL RECORD.
2. DR. Zeus Atayza Salazar - “Father of New Philippine Historiography”.
3. DR. Samuel Kong Tan - Headed various cultural institutions including National Historical Instute and National Commision for
Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
BRANCHES OF HISTORY:
1. GENERAL HISTORY - political, economic, diplomatic and military history.
2. ECONOMIC HISTORY - economic thoughts and economic system.
3. CULTURAL HISTORY - covers local and ethnic history.
4. SOCIAL HISTORY - history of human and the society.
5. MYTH HISTORY - literatue and culture.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE:
RPH REVIEWER
SOURCES OF HISTORY:
1. DOCUMENTS
Handwritten, printed, drawn, designed, and other composed materials.
Books, newspapers, magazines, journal, maps, architectural perspectives, paintings, advertisements, photographs.
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS
Preserved remains of human beings, their activities, and the environment where they lived.
Fossil - remains of animals, plants, and other organisms from distant past.
Artifacts - ramnants of material culture developed by human beings.
3. ORAL AND VIDEO ACCOUNTS
Audio-visual documentation of people, events, and places.
Usually recorded in video and audio cassettes and compact discs.
Fossil - remains of animals, plants, and other organisms from distant past.
Artifacts - ramnants of material culture developed by human beings.
KINDS OF HISTORICAL SOURCES:
1. PRIMARY SOURCES
- can be either written or non-written source of historical information that provides direct or firsthand evidence about an event,
object, person of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches and arts objects, photographs, films, journals, letter, diaries,
scrapbook, published books, newspapers and magazines, interviews, clinical reports, treaties, government publication.
2. SECONDARY SOURCES
- any account of something that is not primary source. Published research, newspaper articles, scholarly or popular, books and
articles, reference books, textbooks and other media are typically secondary sources.
Why do we need to know history?
- It helps us better understand ourselves, our strengths, limitations and aspirations and historical events remind us the collective
experience of the people, its suffering, joy and aspiration.
1. History helps us to have a better understanding about the Present situation. Our historical events provide context for current
events and social structures.
2. Through analyzing historical events we are able to establish critical thinking and learning from our mistakes and historical
failures
3. Appreciate diversity and cultural identity.
4. Inspiration and motivation to build citizenship. Knowledge in history helps people
to understand the law of the land and engaging more on civic life.
5. Connecting past and future through cultural identity.
LEVELS OF HISTORICAL CRITICISMS:
EXTERNAL CRITICISM - Answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of a historical source by identifying
who composed the historical material, locating when and where the historical material was produce, and establishing material’s
evidential value.
INTERNAL CRITICISM - Deals with the credibiity and reliability f the content of the given historical source.
IMPORTANCE OF EXTERNAL CRITICISM:
- it helps avoid using false evidence and thus enables us to use genuine material.
- it uncovers the manipulation, spurious material, forgeries and other malpractice to establish the authenticity of the data.
- external criticism includes authenticity and proof.
IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL CRITICISM:
- it tells us how to use authenticated evidence. It includes establishing creditability of data.
- it helps to check the credibility of the source whether the contents in it are believable or not.
- it helps to identify biases and errors.
- it strengthening arguments and enhancing the overall integrity of the data.
RPH REVIEWER
FERDINAND MAGELLAN (1480-1521)
- Born in February, 1480, in Sabrosa, Portugal
- In early 1505 he enlisted in the fleet of FRANCISCO DE ALMEIDA, the first viceroy of Portuguese India.
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS - The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “New World” into land, resources, and people
claimed by Spain and Portugal.
TIMELINE OF MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION
MARCH 22, 1519 - King Charles I supported the Voyage of Magellan to search for Spice Island.
AUGUST 1519 - Five ships under the command of Magellan. TRINIDAD, SAN ANTONIO, CONCEPCION, VICTORIA,
SANTIAGO departed from Sevilla, Spain and headed to Guadalquivir River towards Sanlucar de Barrameda. They stayed there
for more than 5 WEEKS and set sail on SEPTEMBER 20, 1519
- Magellan’s fleet was named ARMADA DE MOLUCCA, which consisted five ships carrying supplies for 2 YEARS travel.
LEADERS OF THE 5 SHIPS:
1. FERDINAND MAGELLAN - Trinidad
2. JUAN DE CARTAGENA - San Antonio
3. GASPAR DE QUESADA - Concepcion
4. JUAN SERRANO - Santiago
5. LUIS MENDOZA - Victoria
MAGELLAN’S COMPANIONS:
DUARTE BARBOSA - Magellan’s brother in law
JOAO SERRAO - Magellan’s servant and interpreter
ESTEVAO GOMES - Magellan’s servant and interpreter
ENRIQUE OF MALACCA - Magellan’s servant and interpreter
JUAN SEBASTIAN ELCANO - Spanish Captain
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA - Italian scholar
FRANCISCO ALBO - Kept the formal logbook
ANDRES DE SAN MARTIN - Cosmographer/Astrologer
AMBROSIO FERNANDES - Magellan’s Chief Constable
GONZALO DE ESPINOSA - In-charge for recruiting sailors for the expedition.
THE CREW CONSISTED OF ABOUT 270 MEN OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS.
SEPTEMBER 20, 1519 - The fleet left Sanlucar de Barrameda.
SEPTEMBER 26, 1519 - Magellan cross and stopover at Canary island.
JANUARY 19, 1520 - Rio de Plata.
MARCH 31, 1520 - Puerto San Julian.
AUGUST 24, 1520 - Magellan left San Julian.
OCTOBER 21, 1520 - Arrived at the Cape of Virgins.
NOVEMBER 1, 1520 - Strait of Magellan.
NOVEMBER 28, 1520 - Passing by the Mariana Island.
MARCH 6, 1521 - Their fleet finally anchored GUAM and they called it LOS LADRONES/ISLAS DE LOS LADRONES.
RPH REVIEWER
MARCH 16, 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan landed at the shore of HOMONHON or also know as ARCHIPELAGO DE SAN
LAZARO.
MARCH 28, 1521 - Magellan went to LIMASAWA.
MARCH 31, 1521 - First MASS in the Philippines.
APRIL 7, 1521 - Magellan reached Cebu with the help of RAHA KOLAMBU.
APRIL 14, 1521 - RAHA HUMABON and Magellan’s blood compact.
APRIL 27, 1521 - The battle of Mactan
Lapu-Lapu, The first Filipino hero
Chieftain of Mactan
Cilapulapu, Salip pulaka, Cali Pulaco, and Lapu-Lapu Dimantag.
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA:
Scholar from Venice, Italy
Born on 1491, at Vicenza, Italy
He studied astronomy, geography, and cartography.
He served on board the ships of the Knights of Rhodes at the beginning of the 16th century.
He accompanied Ferdinand Magellan, together with Juan Sebastian Elcano in the famous expediton to Moluccas,
which began 1519 and ended September 1522.
The First Voyage Around the World.
