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Simulation

University Mathematics I: Olaniyi Evans

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Simulation

University Mathematics I: Olaniyi Evans

Uploaded by

Olaniyi Evans
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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21

SIMULATION MODELING

CONTENTS
Modeling in Problem Solving 193
Basic Steps in Simulation 194
Types of Systems in Simulation Models 194
Simulation Methods 195
Monte Carlo Method 196

Simulation involves designing a model that imitates a real system and


conducting repeated experiments to evaluate or understand the actual system.
Since optimal solutions may lack a mathematical model, simulation relies on trial
and error, providing approximated results.

Applications: System simulation optimizes processes and resource utilization


across manufacturing, healthcare, finance, and logistics. It identifies bottlenecks,
streamlines workflows, and enhances operational efficiency, such as simulating
patient flows in healthcare.

Advantages Disadvantages
i. Realistic representation of i. Simplifying assumptions may
complex systems. oversimplify complexities.
ii. Risk-free experimentation. ii. Validity depends on accurate models
iii. Time and cost efficiency. and data.
iv. Performance optimization. iii. Development and maintenance costs
can be high.
iv. Interpreting results can be challenging.

NOTE: Before using simulation, consider (i) problem type and analytical
solutions (ii) resource availability (iii) costs and (iv) data availability.

MODELING IN PROBLEM SOLVING


Models help solve real-world problems without the constraints of cost, danger,
or impossibility. Types of Models:
• Mental Models: Our understanding of how things work.
• Analytical Models: Suitable for static systems, often using tools like
spreadsheets.
• Physical Models: Tangible representations.
• Computer Simulation Models: Explore dynamic systems and their behavior
over time.
Analytical vs. Simulation Modeling: Analytical models work for static
dependencies, while simulation models are better for dynamic, nonlinear
systems.
194 Olaniyi Evans | University Mathematics

Queuing Theory is an example of analytical modeling for systems with queues.


Components:
• Entities: Elements in the system.
• Queues: Waiting lines, typically following FIFO priority.
• Resources: Processing units that can be idle, busy, or inactive.
Performance Measures:
• System Time: Total time entities spend in the system.
• Queue Time: Time entities spend waiting.
• Time-Average Number in Queue: Average number of entities in the
queue.
• Resource Utilization: Ratio of time a resource is busy to total
simulation time.

BASIC STEPS IN SIMULATION


Simulation involves a set of fundamental steps to ensure success. These steps
include:
• Problem Definition: Define goals, determine simulation suitability.
• Model Development: Identify components, performance measures. Create
model using flow charts. Gather, analyze data.
• Model Translation & Testing: Translate model into programming language.
Ensure model accuracy.
• Experimentation & Analysis: Run simulations. Compare system
performance.
• Documentation & Implementation: Prepare report/presentation. Discuss
results, implications, recommended actions.

T Y P E S O F S Y S T E M S I N S I M U L A T I O N M O D E LS
The main objective of a simulation model is to collect observations about a
system over time. A system, defined as a set of inter-related components
working towards a common goal, can be conceptualized in various ways,
influencing the modeling process. General classifications of systems include
whether they are deterministic or stochastic, and static or dynamic (see Figure
21.1). Understanding these distinctions helps in choosing appropriate simulation
approaches based on the nature of the system.

Figure 21.1 Types of Systems


Chapter 21| Simulation 195

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