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31 views34 pages

Cams

Uploaded by

manisha.asadi03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CAMS

1.1 CAM - Definition


 Cams are used to
convert rotary motion
into reciprocating
motion
Examples for cam

 In IC engines to operate the inlet and exhaust valves


1.2 Classification of CAM Mechanism

Based on modes of Input / Output motion


1.2.1 Rotating cam – Translating follower
1.2.2 Rotating cam – Oscillating follower
1.2.3 Translating cam – Translating follower
1.2.1 Rotating cam –
Translating follower
1.2.2 Rotating cam – oscillating follower
1.2.3 Translating cam –
Translating follower
1.3 Classification of followers
1.3.1 According to the shape of follower
 Knife edge follower
 Roller follower
 Flat faced follower
 Spherical faced follower
a) Knife edge follower
b) Roller follower
c) Flat faced follower
d) Spherical faced follower
1.3.2 According to the path of
motion of follower
a) Radial follower
b) Offset follower
a) Radial follower

 When the motion of the follower is along an axis


passing through the centre of the cam, it is known
as radial followers. Above figures are examples of
this type.
b) Offset follower

When the motion of the follower is along an axis away from


the axis of the cam centre, it is called off-set follower. Above
figures are examples of this type.
1.4 Classification of cams
a) Radial or disc cam
b) Cylindrical cam
c) End cam
a) Radial or Disc cam

In radial cams, the follower reciprocates or


oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the cam
axis.
b) Cylindrical cams

In cylindrical cams, the follower


reciprocates or oscillates in a direction parallel to
the cams axis.
c) End cams
It is
also similar
to cylindrical
cams, but
the follower
makes
contact at
periphery of
the cam as
shown in fig
2. CAM Nomenclature
 Cam profile: The outer
surface of the disc cam.
 Base circle : The circle with
the shortest radius from the
cam center to any part of
the cam profile.
 Trace point: It is a point on
the follower, and its motion
describes the movement of
the follower. It is used to
generate the pitch curve.
2. CAM Nomenclature
 Pitch curve : The path
generated by the trace
point as the follower is
rotated about a
stationery cam.
 Prime circle: The
smallest circle from the
cam center through the
pitch curve
2. CAM Nomenclature
 Pressure angle: The
angle between the
direction of the follower
movement and the
normal to the pitch
curve.
 Pitch point: Pitch point
corresponds to the
point of maximum
pressure angle.
2. CAM Nomenclature
 Pitch circle: A circle
drawn from the cam
center and passes
through the pitch point
is called Pitch circle
 Stroke: The greatest
distance or angle
through which the
follower moves or
rotates
3. Motion of the follower
As the cam rotates the follower moves
upward and downward.
 The upward movement of follower is called
rise (Outstroke)
 The downward movement is called fall
(Returnstroke).
 When the follower is not moving upward and
downward even when the cam rotates, it is
called dwell.
3.1 Types of follower motion
1. Uniform motion ( constant velocity)
2. Simple harmonic motion
3. Uniform acceleration and retardation motion
4. Cycloidal motion
a) Uniform motion (constant velocity)
 Displacement diagram: Displacement is the distance that a
follower moves during one complete revolution (or cycle) of the
cam while the follower is in contact with the cam.
 It is the plot of linear displacement (s) of follower V/S angular
displacement (θ) of the cam for one full rotation of the cam.
 A period is a part of the cam cycle and it includes the following:

Rise (Outstroke) – the upward motion of the follower caused by


cam motion.
Fall (Return stroke) – the downward motion of the follower caused
by cam motion.
Dwell – the stationary position of the follower caused by cam
motion.
a) Uniform motion (constant
velocity)
a) Uniform motion (constant velocity)

Displacement diagram
Since the follower moves with uniform velocity during
its rise and fall, the slope of the displacement curve must be
constant as shown in fig
b) Simple Harmonic motion

RISE FALL

60 120 180 240 300

360 = ONE REVOLUTION OF CAM = 1 CYCLE


b) Simple harmonic motion
 Since the follower
moves with a
simple harmonic
motion, therefore
velocity diagram
consists of a sine
curve and the
acceleration
diagram consists
of a cosine curve.
c) Uniform acceleration and retardation

 Since the
acceleration
and
retardation
are uniform,
therefore the
velocity
varies
directly with
time.
d) Cycloidal motion
CAM Profile

d
c
e
b
a
f
2 1
3
4
5
6

45°
50

8
g
9
10
11 12
h
l
i k
j
References
 www.geocities.com
 www. nptel.iitm.ac.in
 www.ul.ie

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