Here are the answers to the questions you asked:

1. Arithmetic and Logical Operators in JavaScript

Arithmetic Operators:

+ (Addition)

- (Subtraction)

* (Multiplication)

/ (Division)

% (Modulus)

++ (Increment)

-- (Decrement)

Logical Operators:

&& (Logical AND)

|| (Logical OR)

! (Logical NOT)

2. Features of JavaScript (5 features)

Dynamic Typing: JavaScript allows variables to hold different data types at different times.
Interpreted Language: JavaScript is interpreted, meaning it is executed directly in the browser without prior
compilation.

Object-Oriented: JavaScript supports object creation with properties and methods.

Event Handling: JavaScript can respond to user actions like clicks, keypresses, etc.

Cross-Browser Compatibility: JavaScript runs on all modern web browsers without requiring additional plugins.

3. Use of Dot Syntax in JavaScript

Dot syntax is used to access properties and methods of objects.

Example:

var person = {

name: "John",

age: 25

};

console.log(person.name); // Accessing the "name" property

4. Difference Between prompt() and alert() (3 Differences)

prompt():

Accepts input from the user.

Returns the value entered by the user.

Example: var name = prompt("Enter your name");

alert():
Displays a message box.

Does not accept user input.

Example: alert("Hello!");

5. Use of Getters and Setters

Getters: Used to get the value of a property.

Setters: Used to set the value of a property.

Example:

var person = {

firstName: "John",

lastName: "Doe",

get fullName() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

},

set fullName(name) {

var parts = name.split(" ");

this.firstName = parts[0];

this.lastName = parts[1];

};

6. JavaScript to Display First 20 Even Numbers

document.write("First 20 even numbers: <br>");

for (var i = 1; i <= 40; i++) {

if (i % 2 === 0) {

document.write(i + "<br>");

7. Explanation of Terms

Object Name: The name used to refer to an object in JavaScript.

Property: A value associated with an object (like name or age).

Method: A function that belongs to an object.

Dot Syntax: Used to access properties or methods of an object (e.g., person.name).

8. JavaScript to Calculate Squares of 1 to 10 Using while Loop

var i = 1;

while (i <= 10) {

console.log("Square of " + i + " is " + i * i);

i++;

9. Explanation of Tokens

++a;: Increments the value of a by 1 before using it.

document.bgColor;: Refers to the background color of the document.

10. Syntax and Explanation of prompt() Method

Syntax:
prompt(message, defaultValue);

Explanation: prompt() displays a dialog box that prompts the user for input. message is the text displayed to the
user, and defaultValue is optional.

11. Ways to Display Output in JavaScript

console.log(): Prints to the browser console.

document.write(): Writes output to the HTML document.

alert(): Displays output in an alert box.

12. JavaScript to Reverse Array Elements

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

arr.reverse();

console.log(arr); // Output: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

13. Syntax and Use of with Clause

Syntax:

with (object) {

// Statements

Use: Simplifies code by allowing you to reference an object’s properties without repeatedly specifying the
object name.

14. JavaScript Program to Check Prime Number

var num = parseInt(prompt("Enter a number: "));

var isPrime = true;

if (num === 1) {

isPrime = false;

} else {

for (var i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {

if (num % i === 0) {

isPrime = false;

break;

alert(isPrime ? "Prime number" : "Not a prime number");

15. Explanation of for-in Loop

Use: The for-in loop iterates over the properties of an object.

Example:

var person = { name: "John", age: 30 };

for (var key in person) {

console.log(key + ": " + person[key]);

16. Role of <script> Tag

Purpose: Embeds JavaScript code within an HTML document.

Example:

<script>
 alert("Hello, World!");

</script>

17. Definition and Syntax of Array

Definition: An array is a collection of elements stored in a single variable.

Syntax: var arr = [1, 2, 3];

18. charAt() and charCodeAt() Examples

charAt(): Returns the character at a specified index.

Example: "Hello".charAt(1) → 'e'

charCodeAt(): Returns the Unicode of the character at a specified index.

Example: "Hello".charCodeAt(1) → 101

19. toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() Examples

toUpperCase(): Converts a string to uppercase.

Example: "hello".toUpperCase() → "HELLO"

toLowerCase(): Converts a string to lowercase.

Example: "HELLO".toLowerCase() → "hello"

20. indexOf() Example

Use: Finds the index of the first occurrence of a value in a string.

Example: "Hello".indexOf("e") → 1

21. Use of Dot Syntax Example

Dot Syntax: Used to access object properties.

Example:

var car = { make: "Toyota", model: "Camry" };

console.log(car.model); // Output: "Camry"

1. **Object as Associative Array in JavaScript**:

In JavaScript, an object can be used as an associative array (also known as a dictionary). The keys are strings,
and they are used to access values associated with them. Here's an example:

```javascript

let student = {

name: "John",

age: 20,

grade: "A"

};

// Accessing properties using key names

console.log(student["name"]); // Output: John

```

In this example, `student` is an object with keys `name`, `age`, and `grade`, each associated with a specific
value.

---

2. **JavaScript Function to Count Vowels in a Given String**:

```javascript

function countVowels(str) {

let vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU';

let count = 0;

for (let char of str) {

if (vowels.includes(char)) {

count++;

return count;

}
 console.log(countVowels("Hello World")); // Output: 3

```

This function iterates through the string, checks each character against a list of vowels, and increments the
count accordingly.

---

3. **Difference between `concat()` and `join()` Methods of Array**:

| Aspect | `concat()` | `join()` |

|----------------------------|------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|

| **Purpose** | Combines two or more arrays | Joins all array elements into a string |

| **Return Type** | Returns a new array | Returns a string |

| **Original Array** | Does not modify the original array | Does not modify the original array|

| **Syntax** | `array1.concat(array2)` | `array.join(separator)` |

| **Combines Arrays** | Yes, it combines multiple arrays | No, just joins elements of one array |

| **Separator** | No separator required | Requires a separator for joining |

---

4. **Querying, Setting, and Deleting Properties in JavaScript**:

- **Querying Properties**: Access a property using dot notation or bracket notation.

```javascript

let person = { name: "Alice", age: 25 };

console.log(person.name); // Output: Alice

console.log(person["age"]); // Output: 25

```

- **Setting Properties**: You can add new properties or modify existing ones by assigning values.

```javascript

person.city = "New York"; // Adds new property 'city'

person.name = "Bob"; // Modifies 'name' property

console.log(person);

```
 - **Deleting Properties**: Use the `delete` keyword to remove a property from an object.

```javascript

delete person.age; // Removes the 'age' property

console.log(person);

```

---

5. **JavaScript to Generate Armstrong Numbers Between 1 and 100**:

```javascript

function isArmstrong(num) {

let sum = 0;

let temp = num;

while (temp > 0) {

let digit = temp % 10;

sum += Math.pow(digit, 3);

temp = Math.floor(temp / 10);

return sum === num;

function generateArmstrongNumbers() {

for (let i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {

if (isArmstrong(i)) {

console.log(i);

generateArmstrongNumbers(); // Output: 1, 153 (Note: Only 1 between 1 and 100)

```

This script checks each number within the range 1 to 100 to see if it's an Armstrong number by summing the
cubes of its digits and comparing the result to the original number
 1. Write a JavaScript program which compute, the average marks of the following students
Then, this average is used to determine the corresponding grade.

// Array of student marks

let marks = [80, 77, 88, 95, 68];

// Function to calculate the average of an array of numbers

function calculateAverage(arr) {

let total = 0;

for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

total += arr[i];

return total / arr.length;

}
// Function to determine grade based on average marks

function determineGrade(average) {

if (average < 60) {

return "F";

} else if (average < 70) {

return "D";

} else if (average < 80) {

return "C";

} else if (average < 90) {

return "B";

} else {

return "A";

// Compute the average marks

let averageMarks = calculateAverage(marks);

// Determine the grade

let grade = determineGrade(averageMarks);

// Output the average and grade

console.log("Average Marks: " + averageMarks);

console.log("Grade: " + grade);.

Here are simple, easy-to-understand JavaScript solutions for each of the tasks:

---

### 7. Replace a Specified Value in a String

This replaces a word in a string with another word.

```javascript

let sentence = "I love apples";

let newSentence = sentence.replace("apples", "bananas");

console.log(newSentence); // Output: I love bananas

```

---

### 8. Input a String from the User and Calculate Its Length

This prompts the user to enter a string and then calculates its length.

```javascript

let userInput = prompt("Enter a string:");

console.log("The length of the string is: " + userInput.length);

```

---

### 9. Check if a String is a Palindrome

This checks if a string reads the same forwards and backwards.

```javascript

function isPalindrome(str) {

let reversed = str.split('').reverse().join('');

return str === reversed;

let word = prompt("Enter a word:");

if (isPalindrome(word)) {

console.log(word + " is a palindrome.");

} else {

console.log(word + " is not a palindrome.");

```

---

### 10. Convert Character to Unicode and Vice Versa, Display Data Type

This converts a character to its Unicode value and vice versa, and also shows its data type.

```javascript

let char = prompt("Enter a character:");

let unicode = char.charCodeAt(0);

console.log("Unicode of " + char + ": " + unicode);

console.log("Data type of Unicode: " + typeof unicode);

let charFromUnicode = String.fromCharCode(unicode);

console.log("Character from Unicode: " + charFromUnicode);

console.log("Data type of Character: " + typeof charFromUnicode);

```

---

### 11. Demonstrate All Bitwise Operators

This demonstrates bitwise operations using simple numbers.

```javascript

let a = 5; // 0101 in binary

let b = 3; // 0011 in binary

console.log("a & b: " + (a & b)); // AND

console.log("a | b: " + (a | b)); // OR

console.log("a ^ b: " + (a ^ b)); // XOR

console.log("~a: " + (~a)); // NOT

console.log("a << 1: " + (a << 1)); // Left shift

console.log("a >> 1: " + (a >> 1)); // Right shift

```

---

### 12. Find and Display the Number of Duplicate Values in an Array

This finds and counts duplicate values in an array.

```javascript

let arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5];

let duplicates = {};

arr.forEach((item) => {

duplicates[item] = (duplicates[item] || 0) + 1;

});
for (let key in duplicates) {

if (duplicates[key] > 1) {

console.log(key + " appears " + duplicates[key] + " times.");

```

---

### 13. Count the Number of Vowels in a Given String

This counts vowels in a string.

```javascript

function countVowels(str) {

let vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU';

let count = 0;

for (let char of str) {

if (vowels.includes(char)) {

count++;

return count;

let input = prompt("Enter a string:");

console.log("Number of vowels: " + countVowels(input));

```

---

### 14. Add Element to Array, Sort, and Display It

This takes 10 numbers, adds a new one, sorts the array, and displays the result.

```javascript

let numbers = [];

for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

 let num = parseInt(prompt("Enter number " + (i + 1) + ":"));

numbers.push(num);

let newNum = parseInt(prompt("Enter a new number to add:"));

numbers.push(newNum);

numbers.sort((a, b) => a - b);

console.log("Sorted numbers: " + numbers);

```

---

### 15. Demonstrate Getter and Setter

This demonstrates using getter and setter in JavaScript.

```javascript

let person = {

firstName: "John",

lastName: "Doe",

get fullName() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

},

set fullName(name) {

let parts = name.split(" ");

this.firstName = parts[0];

this.lastName = parts[1];

};

console.log(person.fullName); // Output: John Doe

person.fullName = "Jane Smith";

console.log(person.fullName); // Output: Jane Smith

```

---
### 16. Classify Age Group Using Nested Switch-Case

This classifies a person's age into a group.

```javascript

let age = parseInt(prompt("Enter your age:"));

switch (true) {

case (age >= 0 && age <= 12):

console.log("Child");

break;

case (age >= 13 && age <= 19):

console.log("Teenager");

break;

case (age >= 20 && age <= 64):

switch (true) {

case (age <= 39):

console.log("Young Adult");

break;

case (age <= 64):

console.log("Middle-Aged Adult");

break;

break;

case (age >= 65):

console.log("Senior");

break;

default:

console.log("Invalid age.");

```

---

### 17. Sort Employees by Salary and Display Top 3

This sorts employees by salary and displays the top 3.

```javascript
let employees = [

{ name: "John", salary: 60000 },

{ name: "Jane", salary: 80000 },

{ name: "Bob", salary: 50000 },

{ name: "Alice", salary: 90000 },

{ name: "Tom", salary: 70000 }

];

employees.sort((a, b) => b.salary - a.salary);

console.log("Top 3 highest paid employees:");

for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

console.log(employees[i].name + ": $" + employees[i].salary);

```

---

### 18. Capitalize First Letter of Each Word in a Sentence

This capitalizes the first letter of each word in a sentence.

```javascript

function capitalizeWords(sentence) {

return sentence.split(' ').map(word => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1)).join(' ');

let sentence = prompt("Enter a sentence:");

console.log(capitalizeWords(sentence));

```

---

### 19. Function Definition Expression for Calculating Area of a Circle

This calculates the area of a circle using a function expression.

```javascript

let calculateArea = function(radius) {

return Math.PI * radius * radius;

};

let radius = parseFloat(prompt("Enter the radius of the circle:"));

console.log("Area of the circle: " + calculateArea(radius));

```

---

### 20. Demonstrate `shift()`, `unshift()`, `pop()`, and `push()`

This shows how to use these array methods.

```javascript

let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];

// shift(): removes the first element

arr.shift();

console.log(arr); // Output: [2, 3, 4]

// unshift(): adds an element to the beginning

arr.unshift(0);

console.log(arr); // Output: [0, 2, 3, 4]

// pop(): removes the last element

arr.pop();

console.log(arr); // Output: [0, 2, 3]

// push(): adds an element to the end

arr.push(5);

console.log(arr); // Output: [0, 2, 3, 5]

```

These JavaScript snippets are simple, easy to understand, and demonstrate how to work with different functions
and features in JavaScript.