Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of

Azerbaijan
Baku Business and Cooperation College

Student : Said Shammadov

Department: Accounting and Finance
Group: 445
Course: 1
Subject: Business and academic communication in a foreign language
Teacher: Konul Sadikhova
Topic: Historical places of London

Baku-2024
 London - the capital of England and the United Kingdom, including the town of Greenwich,
where the 0 meridian crosses, is recognized as one of the most beautiful and famous cities in
Europe. This city was founded by the Romans about 2 thousand years ago. Roman Empire B.C.
After the invasion of Britain in 43 AD, it was founded under the name Londinium. Although
there is no exact information about the origin of the name, it is thought that the meaning may be
"flowing river".
London is one of the oldest cities in the world. In terms of tourism, historical works are
exhibited in large museums. Guests come here from all over the world. London is the second
most visited city in the world by tourists after Paris, attracting around 15 million tourists every
year. This is the result of London having a long history.
London's climate is considered a temperate maritime climate and the city generally has a
moderate temperature. The average summer high temperature is around 21-24 °C. Winters can
be cold, but it doesn't always snow. The average winter temperature in London is 5-8 °C.
England is conventionally divided into 32 regions. Of these, 12 boroughs form inner or
Greater London, that is, the historic center, while the remaining 20 cities are former outlying
places that have gradually merged into the city limits.
England has accumulated great grandeur, culture and wealth over the centuries. A beautiful
synthesis of new and old, past and future has emerged. On the one hand, people are living in old
historical houses, on the other hand, they are building a system that carries food and grocery
shopping to homes with drones. These people are able to create a great balance between their
past traditions and the future.
Palace of Westminster (Palace of Parliament)
The Palace of Westminster is known as the heart of politics in the United Kingdom, as well as
the place that once housed the royal family. Built in the 11th century, the palace was badly
affected by fires that broke out from time to time. The palace, which was the main residence of
the kings of England until the great fire in 1512, was largely damaged after the fire and later
started to host the English Parliament and the Court of Justice. The House of Commons and the
House of Lords, which we all remember from history lessons, used to meet in this building.
Entrance to the palace is between 09:00 and 17:00. Audio and guided tours take place on
Saturdays throughout the year and every weekday during the Christmas, Easter and summer
holidays.
Big Ben (Elizabeth Tower)
Another tourist attraction in London is undoubtedly the Elizabeth Tower or Big Ben as it is
more commonly known. In fact, Big Ben is the name of the 13-ton clock bell located here, but
over time it became the name of the entire tower. When the Palace of Westminster was damaged
by fire in 1834, architect Charles Barry, who restored the palace complex, added this famous 96-
meter clock tower to his design in 1844. When it was first built, there was another bell in place
of Big Ben, but later this clock was cracked beyond repair. Then the cracked rich metal was
melted down and replaced by Big Ben. Big Ben played for the first time on May 31, 1859. Since
that day, the sound has come from the same Big Ben.
Buckingham Palace (British Royal Palace)
This palace, the White House of England, has been the official address of the British Crown
since 1837, after the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne. In fact, this place was built by the
Duke of Buckingham in 1702 as his mansion in London, but over time it became a royal
residence. When Queen Victoria's husband Albert died in 1861, the queen began to mourn and
withdrew from worldly pleasures and moved to Windsor Castle. The palace remained empty for
some time, but in 1901 the palace came back to life with King Edward. The famous balcony
where the royal family greets the public was added in 1914 during the reign of King George V.
During the First World War, King George V and Queen Mary, who were the residents of the
palace at the time, were forced to flee quickly. During the Second World War, the palace was
bombed 9 times. The biggest loss in these bombings is in the chapel of the palace.

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 The palace is only open to visitors during the summer season, and the Queen's Gallery
displays the king's belongings and rooms. Of course, since this is the Queen's official residence,
most parts of the palace are closed to visitors. Tourists visiting in other seasons can look at the
palace from the outside and watch the famous military parade.
Kensington Palace
Located in Kensington Gardens, this magnificent palace has been the home of England's
Kings, Queens, Dukes and Duchesses since the 17th century. As King William suffered from
asthma, King William and Queen Mary bought this garden in 1689, away from the fog and damp
of the River Thames, and lived there for the rest of their lives. Later, the palace played host to
Queen Anne. The most beautiful part he brought to the palace is the Orangery built in 1704.
Over time, this Orangery ceases to be an ordinary greenhouse and becomes a social place for
royals to enjoy. A royal residence during the reigns of King George I and II, the palace has been
home to princes and dukes in later times.
When Queen Victoria of Great Britain took the throne in 1837, she herself moved to
Buckingham Palace, but kept her family and relatives here. Queen Mary was born here in 1867.
Many rooms of the palace were open for the use of soldiers who served at the front during the
First World War. During the Second World War, when the city was bombed by the Germans, the
palace was damaged, but necessary repairs were carried out. After the war, Princess Elizabeth
and Prince Philip married in 1947 and lived here for a while. Newlyweds Charles, Prince of
Wales and Lady Diana lived here until Lady Diana's tragic death, raising their children Prince
Harry and William. After the death of Princess Diana in 1997, the palace, which was empty for a
while, later functions as the offices of the Secretary of Defense and charitable institutions. Right
now, this palace is the home of Prince William and Kate, the world's favorite couple since 2013.
Also, Prince Harry lives in one of the apartments here.
Today, the touristic parts of the palace are managed by a non-profit organization called
Historic Royal Palaces.
London Bridge (Tower Bridge)
The bridge is located between the city center and the borough of Southwark. Until 1750, it
was the only bridge over the Thames. To the north of the bridge is a monument dedicated to the
Great Fire of London. The foundation of the bridge was laid by the Romans 2000 years ago. The
current modern London Bridge was built between 1967 and 1973 and opened by Queen
Elizabeth II on March 17, 1973. It is 283 meters long.
St. Paul's Cathedral
Belonging to the Anglican denomination, St. Paul's Cathedral is both the largest religious
building in London, the episcopal center, and one of the most touristic places. Although it was
built in the 17th century, it was rebuilt many times due to the blows it received in wars. The
tallest building in London was 111 meters when it was built. Now it is the second largest
religious building in England after Liverpool Cathedral. Its dome is said to be the largest church
dome in the world. Some of the important events that took place here are the funerals of Sir
Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher, Queen Victoria's birthday, Prince Charles and
Princess Diana's wedding, and Queen Elizabeth's 80th and 90th birthdays. But the biggest event
is Church music, which has been traditional for 500 years. Almost every week there are different
concerts, church choir events, church organ concerts.
Windsor Palace
At over 900 years old, Windsor is currently the oldest and largest castle in use in the world.
Today it is one of the official residences of England. It is especially the favorite residence of
Queen Elizabeth. Located in Berkshire and Windsor, the castle is approximately 20 kilometers
by car from the capital London.