Week 8

OOP Concepts: Inheritance

Dr. Nehad Ramaha,

Computer Engineering Department
Karabük Universities These Slides mainly adopted from Assist. Prof. Dr. Ozacar Kasim lecture notes
1
The class notes are a compilation and edition from many sources. The instructor does not claim intellectual property or ownership of the lecture notes.
 Inheritance: Definition & Terms
 Types of Inheritance
 Inheritance for Code Reusability
 Inheritance with Constructor
◦ Super keyword
 Inheritance for Method Overriding
 Access Control

2/10/2023 2
3
Need for Inheritance

4
Need for Inheritance
Parent class

child class child class 5

 superclass, base class, parent class:
terms to describe the parent in the
relationship, which shares its
functionality
 subclass, derived class, child class:
terms to describe the child in the
relationship, which accepts
functionality from its parent
 extend, inherit, derive:
become a subclass of another class

6
2/10/2023 7
8
Definition
inheritance: a parent-child relationship between classes

Why use inheritance in java?

1. For Code Reusability allows to reuse variables and methods of the

existing class when you create a child from it.

2.For Method Overriding child class can override existing behavior from
parent

9
 Inheritance: Need for & Definition & Terms
 Type of Inheritance
 Inheritance for Code Reusability
 Inheritance with Constructor
◦ Super keyword
 Inheritance for Method Overriding
 Access Control

10
Types of Inheritance

11
 In Java, you specify a class as your parent by using ‘extends’ keyword
public class Cat extends Animal {

 A Java child class has exactly one parent

◦ Some other languages (C++) allow multiple inheritance

 by default, a class's parent is Object

 constructors are not inherited

◦ because they are not members of a class

12
 Inheritance: Need for & Definition & Terms
 Type of Inheritance
 Inheritance for Code Reusability
 Inheritance with Constructor
◦ Super keyword
 Inheritance for Method Overriding
 Access Control

13
 A Cat object have A Dog object
have
color
color
age
breed
meow()
bark()
eat()
eat()

We reuse codes that in Parent class

Let's move to Netbeans! 14

it is possible to extend a class that itself is a Animal

child class;

inheritance chains like this can be arbitrarily Cat

deep
BritishShortHair

MultiLevel inheritance

15
 Inheritance: Need for & Definition & Terms
 Type of Inheritance
 Inheritance for Code Reusability
 Inheritance with Constructor
◦ Super keyword
 Inheritance for Method Overriding
 Access Control

16
public Animal(String color){
this.color = color;
}

Remark: if the superclass has a constructor that requires any

arguments (not default constructor),
you must put a constructor in the subclass and have it call
the super-constructor
(call to super-constructor must be the first statement)
17
class Animal{
String color="white"; public class Test {

} public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog d=new Dog();
d.printColor();
class Dog extends Animal{
}
String color="black";
}

void printColor(){
System.out.println(this.color);
//prints color of Dog class

System.out.println(super.color);
//prints color of Animal class
}
}
18
 used to refer to superclass (parent) of current class
 can be used to refer to parent class's methods, variables,
constructors to call them
 needed when there is a name conflict with current class
 useful when overriding and you want to keep the old
behavior but add new behavior to it (method overriding)

 syntax:
super(args); // call parent’s constructor
super.attributeName // access parent’s attribute
super.methodName(args); // access parent’s method

19
 Inheritance: Need for & Definition & Terms
 Type of Inheritance
 Inheritance for Code Reusability
 Inheritance with Constructor
◦ Super keyword
 Inheritance for Method Overriding
 Access Control

2/10/2023 20
 In OOP, overriding means to override the functionality of an existing
method.

 Child class can replace behavior of its parent's methods by

redefining them

 a subclass can implement a parent class method based on its

requirement

21
Method Overriding: Example

you have already done this ...

where?

22
23
 Inheritance: Need for & Definition & Terms
 Type of Inheritance
 Inheritance for Code Reusability
 Inheritance with Constructor
◦ Super keyword
 Inheritance for Method Overriding
 Access Control

24
 public: visible to all other classes
public class Animal
 private: visible only to the current class, its methods, and every instance
(object) of its class
 a child class cannot refer to its parent's private members!
private String name;
 protected (this one's new to us): visible to the current class, and all of its
child classes
protected int age;

25
The following rules for inherited methods are enforced :

1. Public methods in a superclass also must be public in all

subclasses.
2. Protected methods in a superclass must be protected or
public in subclasses; they cannot be private.
3. Private methods are not inherited at all, so there is no rule for
them.

26
 public class Child extends Parent {
public class Parent {
public int attribute4;
private int attribute1;
protected int attribute2;
public Child() { // Which are legal?
public int attribute3;
protected final static int attribute4 = 0; // _________
attribute1++; // _________
attribute5=1;
attribute2++; // _________
attribute3++; // _________

private void method1() {} attribute5++; // _________

public void method2() {}
protected void setAttribute1(int super.method1(); // _________
value){ method2(); // _________

this.attribute1 = value;
setAttribute1(attribute4); // _____
}
}
} }

27
 classes that have inheritance  Attributes
relationships are connected by accessModifier name : type
arrows  - for private
 hierarchies drawn top-down with  + for public
arrows from child to parent
 # for protected

28
 inheritance relationships  associational relationships
(has a relationship)
(is a relationship)
1. multiplicity (how many)
◦ hierarchies drawn top-down
with arrows from child to 2. name (what relationship the objects
parent have)
3. navigability (who has relationship with
whom)

29
Lab exercise

30
31