USES OF MIRRORS AND LENSES

MULTIPLE IMAGES – formed when plane mirrors are placed next to each other at an angle, it gives our eyes not only one
image, not even two but more than that.

LATERAL INVERSION – properties of mirror wherein your right becomes your left and your left becomes your right.

PLANE AND CONVEX MIRROR - form images called virtual images, upright and erect. Other type of image formed by a
mirror is called real image; inverted upside down and larger than the original image.

CONCAVE MIRROR - can produce both virtual and real images.

Applications of Concave and Convex Mirrors

Concave mirror, also known as a converging mirror - has reflecting surface which collects light inward and focus them to
one focal point, this type of mirror is what the dentist used in magnifying the area behind your teeth to check on cavities
and tooth decay.

Convex mirror, also known as diverging mirror - is another type of spherical mirror which has the outer bulging surface
that reflects light instead of the inner one. It has a wider view field compared to a concave mirror. This makes bigger
objects appear to be smaller than their original form.

USES OF LENSES

LENS - is usually made of glass.

- the only thing that makes it different is that the lens can also be made of other transparent materials like
plastics that allow light to pass through, instead of bouncing the light rays off. Lenses come also in two types,
namely: convex (converging) and concave (diverging) lenses.

MENISCUS LENS – when these lenses are combined.

- this type has one concave and one convex lens on opposite sides.

Uses of Convex Lenses

 Sometimes called a positive lens, a convex lens - is characterized by its bulging surfaces that is directed outward
making it thicker at the center than on its edges.
 It is also known as converging lens because as light passes through it, its rays bend inward and converge at a spot
located beyond the lens known as the focal point causing the object behind the lens to magnify or to appear
bigger than its actual size.
 Image produced by convex lenses can be a virtual or real image. If both sides of the lens are curved inward, then
that type of convex lens is called biconvex typically seen in magnifying glasses. If only one side of the lens is
curved inward and the other has a flat surface, it is called as plano-convex.

Light Microscopes

 is an instrument that is used in viewing small objects and microorganisms that are impossible for our unaided
eyes to see. It uses lenses that can magnify objects100x or even more than a thousand times.
 uses at least two convex lenses, one on the eyepiece near the observer’s eye and the other one is the objective
lens located near the object being observed.

CAMERA LENSES

 DSLR camera uses convex lenses where light rays pass through. These light rays are directed towards the slanted
mirror located near the camera shutter, and then reflected from a translucent screen projected to another mirror
until it reaches the viewer’s eye. Through this, the photographer will be able to see what he is capturing. The
 image formed by the passing of light rays, from the object through the lens directing to the film of the camera, is
affected by the angle of the light entry. The closer the lens to the object, the farther the beams converge. The
farther the object from the lens, the shorter the distance the light beams converge. That is how the camera
works. Though it seems complicated, the entire process is just seconds-long.

Human Eye - is a Natural Camera.

 Some of the basic and fundamental parts of a camera functions just like how the different parts of our eyes
work. Among these are the lens, the aperture, iris diaphragm, shutter, and photographic film. The lens, just like
the cornea of our eyes gathers and bends light rays inwardly to the camera. The iris diaphragm controls the size
of the aperture (opening) to regulate the light that enters. This duo resembles the iris and the pupil of our eyes.
The shutter opens and shuts the aperture to avoid too much light exposure thus helping the photographic film
capture a beautiful image similar to the work done by the eyelids and the retina.

Concave Lens

 Contrary to concave lens, convex lens has thicker edges curving towards the center, causing light to diverge,
hence it is called as the diverging lens. It spreads out light, producing virtual image, making object to appear
smaller and farther than the way it actually is. Although convex lenses can magnify object, it still cannot transfer
light accurately that’s why an object would appear blurry, so makers of binoculars and telescopes add concave
lens to these instruments in order to focus objects that are too far for our eyes to see.

Concave Lenses and Myopia (nearsightedness) Correction

Myopia - is a condition in which light rays focus in front of the eye’s retina instead of, on the retina. The result of this
condition is a makes distant object to appear blurry, while near objects appear normal.

Meniscus Lenses and Hyperopia (farsightedness) Correction

Hyperopia - is the eye condition that enables someone to see distant object clearly but makes nearby object seem
blurry. This condition is due to the inability one’s eyes to focus on objects closer to the eyes. A person with hyperopia has
a shortened eyeball, in which the retina lies closer than usual to the cornea and lens. This disorder leads to the formation
of the image nearby object to form beyond retina. Hyperopia is the opposite of myopia, another vision problem that
needs correction.

 To correct hyperopia, converging meniscus converging lens is used. The converging meniscus lens converge light
before it enters the eye eventually reducing the image distance.