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Lesson 4 : Writing the Code

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In this lesson, we'll delve into essential techniques for writing Visual Basic program code. It's crucial to
understand that each control or object in VB has the potential to initiate various events. These events
are neatly cataloged in the dropdown menu within the code window. To unlock this menu, just double-
click on an object and pick your preferred event from the procedures' box. The array of events covers
form loading, command button clicks, keyboard key presses, object dragging, and more. For every
event, it's imperative to compose an event procedure outlining the actions to be executed.. If you need
coding homework help with your Visual Basic assignments, please hire programming experts on
MyAssignmentLab.

To start writing code for an event procedure, you need to double-click an object to enter the VB code
window. For example, if you want to write code for the event of clicking a command button, you
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double-click the command button and enter the codes in the event procedure that appears in the code
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window, as shown in Figure 4.1. Platform!
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Figure 4.1
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The structure of an event procedureis as follows:

Private Sub Command1_Click

VB Statements

End Sub

You enter the codes in the space between Private Sub Command1_Click............. End Sub.The
keyword Sub actually stands for a sub procedure that made up a part of all the procedures in a
program or a module. The program code is made up of a number of VB statements that set certain
properties or trigger some actions. The syntax of the Visual Basic’s program code is almost like the
normal English language, though not exactly the same, so it is fairly easy to learn.

The syntax to set the property of an object or to pass a certain value to it is :

Object.Property

where Object and Property are separated by a period (or dot). For example, the statement
Form1.Show means to show the form with the name Form1, Iabel1.Visible=true means label1 is set
to be visible, Text1.text=”VB” is to assign the text VB to the text box with the name Text1,
Text2.text=100 is to pass a value of 100 to the text box with the name text2, Timer1.Enabled=False is
to disable the timer with the name Timer1 and so on. Let’s examine a few examples below:
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Example 4.1

Private Sub Command1_click()

Label1.Visible=false
Label2.Visible=True
Text1.Text="You are correct!"
End sub

Example 4.2

Private Sub Command1_click()

Label1.Caption="Welcome"
Image1.visible=true
End sub

Example 4.3

Private Sub Command1_click()

Pictuire1.Show=true
Timer1.Enabled=True
Lable1.Caption="Start Counting"
End sub

Example 4.4 A Counter

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This is a counter which start counting after the user clicks the command button. In this program, we
inserted a label, two command buttons and a Timer control. The label acts as a counter, one of the
command buttons is to start the counter and the other one is to stop the counter. The Timer control is
a control that is only used by the developer, it is invisible during runtime and it does not allow the user
to interact with it.

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The Timer's Interval property determine how frequent the timer changes. A value of 1 is 1 milliseconds
which means a value of 1000 represents 1 second. In this example, we set the interval to 100, which
represents 0.1 second interval. In addition, the Timer's Enabled property is set to false at design time
as we do not want the program to start counting immediately, the program only start counting after
the the user clicks the "Start Counting" button. You can also reset the counter using another command
button.

The Code

Dim n As Integer
Private Sub cmd_StartCount_Click()
Timer1.Enabled = True
End Sub

Private Sub cmd_Stop_Click()

Timer1.Enabled = False
End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Lbl_Display.Caption = 0
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End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()

n = n + 1
Lbl_Display.Caption = n
End Sub

* We declare the variable n in the general area. After the Timer1 is enabled, it will add 1 to the
preceding number using n=n+1 after every interval untill the user click on the "Stop Counting" button.

The Output

Figure 4.2

Example 4.5 Click and Double Click

This program display a message whether the label is being click once or click twice. In this program,
insert a label and rename it as MyLabel and change its caption to "CLICK ME". Next, key in the
following codes:

Private Sub MyLabel_Click()

MyLabel.Caption = "You Click Me Once"
End Sub

Private Sub MyLabel_DblClick()

MyLabel.Caption = "You Click Me Twice!"
End Sub

The Output
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Figure 4.3

Running the program and click the label once, the "CLICK ME" caption will change to "You Click Me
Once". If you click the label twice, the "CLICK ME" caption will change to "You Click Me Twice!".

In Visual Basic, most of the syntaxes resemble the English language. Among the syntaxes are Print,
If…Then….Else….End If, For…Next, Select Case…..End Select , End and Exit Sub. For example, Print “
Visual Basic” is to display the text Visual Basic on screen and End is to end the program.

Program code that involves calculations is fairly easy to write, just like what you do in mathematics.
However, in order to write an event procedure that involves calculations, you need to know the basic
arithmetic operators in VB as they are not exactly the same as the normal operators , except for + and
-.

For multiplication, we use *, for division we use /, for raising a number x to the power of n, we use x ^n
and for square root, we use Sqr(x). VB offers many more advanced mathematical functions such as
Sin, Cos, Tan and Log, they will be discussed in lesson 10. There are also two important functions that
are related to arithmetic operations, i.e. the functions Val and Str$ where Val is to convert text to a
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numerical value and Str$ is to convert numerical to a string (text). While the function Str$ is as
important as VB can display a numeric value as string implicitly, failure to use Val will result in the
wrong calculation. Let’s examine Example 4.4 and example 4.5.

Example 4.4

Private Sub Form_Activate()

Text3.text=text1.text+text2.text
End Sub

Example 4.5

Private Sub Form_Activate()

Text3.text=val(text1.text)+val(text2.text)
End Sub

When you run the program in example 4.4 and enter 12 in textbox1 and 3 in textbox2 will give you a
result of 123, which is wrong. It is because VB treat the numbers as string and so it just joins up the
two strings. On the other hand, running example 4.5 will give you the correct result, i.e., 15.

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