M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Markscheme

May 2018

Further mathematics

Higher level

Paper 2

18 pages
 –2– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

This markscheme is the property of the International

Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed
to any other person without the authorization of the IB
Global Centre, Cardiff.
 –3– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Instructions to Examiners

Abbreviations

M Marks awarded for attempting to use a valid Method; working must be seen.

(M) Marks awarded for Method; may be implied by correct subsequent working.

A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy; often dependent on preceding M marks.

(A) Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy; may be implied by correct subsequent working.

R Marks awarded for clear Reasoning.

N Marks awarded for correct answers if no working shown.

AG Answer given in the question and so no marks are awarded.

Using the markscheme

1 General

Mark according to RM™ Assessor instructions and the document “Mathematics HL: Guidance
for e-marking May 2018”. It is essential that you read this document before you start marking.
In particular, please note the following:

 Marks must be recorded using the annotation stamps. Please check that you are entering
marks for the right question.
 If a part is completely correct, (and gains all the “must be seen” marks), use the ticks with
numbers to stamp full marks.
 If a part is completely wrong, stamp A0 by the final answer.
 If a part gains anything else, it must be recorded using all the annotations.
 All the marks will be added and recorded by RM™ Assessor.

2 Method and Answer/Accuracy marks

 Do not automatically award full marks for a correct answer; all working must be checked,
and marks awarded according to the markscheme.
 It is not possible to award M0 followed by A1, as A mark(s) depend on the preceding
M mark(s), if any.
 Where M and A marks are noted on the same line, eg M1A1, this usually means M1
for an attempt to use an appropriate method (eg substitution into a formula) and A1 for using
the correct values.
 Where the markscheme specifies (M2), N3, etc., do not split the marks.
 Once a correct answer to a question or part-question is seen, ignore further working.
However, if further working indicates a lack of mathematical understanding do not award the
final A1. An exception to this may be in numerical answers, where a correct exact value is
followed by an incorrect decimal. However, if the incorrect decimal is carried through to a
subsequent part, and correct FT working shown, award FT marks as appropriate but do
not award the final A1 in that part.
 –4– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Examples

Correct answer seen Further working seen Action

1. 5.65685... Award the final A1
8 2
(incorrect decimal value) (ignore the further working)
2. 1
sin 4 x sin x Do not award the final A1
4
3. log a  log b log ( a  b ) Do not award the final A1

3 N marks

Award N marks for correct answers where there is no working.

 Do not award a mixture of N and other marks.

 There may be fewer N marks available than the total of M, A and R marks; this is
deliberate as it penalizes candidates for not following the instruction to show their working.

4 Implied marks

Implied marks appear in brackets eg (M1), and can only be awarded if correct work is seen or
if implied in subsequent working.

 Normally the correct work is seen or implied in the next line.

 Marks without brackets can only be awarded for work that is seen.

5 Follow through marks

Follow through (FT) marks are awarded where an incorrect answer from one part of a question is
used correctly in subsequent part(s). To award FT marks, there must be working present and
not just a final answer based on an incorrect answer to a previous part.

 If the question becomes much simpler because of an error then use discretion to award fewer
FT marks.
 If the error leads to an inappropriate value (eg sin   1.5 ), do not award the mark(s) for the
final answer(s).
 Within a question part, once an error is made, no further dependent A marks can be awarded,
but M marks may be awarded if appropriate.
 Exceptions to this rule will be explicitly noted on the markscheme.

6 Misread

If a candidate incorrectly copies information from the question, this is a misread (MR).
A candidate should be penalized only once for a particular misread. Use the MR stamp to indicate
that this has been a misread. Then deduct the first of the marks to be awarded, even if this is an
M mark, but award all others so that the candidate only loses one mark.

 If the question becomes much simpler because of the MR, then use discretion to award
fewer marks.
 If the MR leads to an inappropriate value (eg sin   1.5 ), do not award the mark(s) for the
final answer(s).
 –5– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

7 Discretionary marks (d)

An examiner uses discretion to award a mark on the rare occasions when the markscheme does
not cover the work seen. In such cases the annotation DM should be used and a brief note written
next to the mark explaining this decision.

8 Alternative methods

Candidates will sometimes use methods other than those in the markscheme. Unless the question
specifies a method, other correct methods should be marked in line with the markscheme. If in
doubt, contact your team leader for advice.

 Alternative methods for complete questions are indicated by METHOD 1, METHOD 2, etc.
 Alternative solutions for part-questions are indicated by EITHER . . . OR.
 Where possible, alignment will also be used to assist examiners in identifying where these
alternatives start and finish.

9 Alternative forms

Unless the question specifies otherwise, accept equivalent forms.

 As this is an international examination, accept all alternative forms of notation.

 In the markscheme, equivalent numerical and algebraic forms will generally be written in
brackets immediately following the answer.
 In the markscheme, simplified answers, (which candidates often do not write in
examinations), will generally appear in brackets. Marks should be awarded for either the
form preceding the bracket or the form in brackets (if it is seen).

Example: for differentiating f ( x )  2 sin(5 x – 3) , the markscheme gives:

f ( x)   2cos(5x – 3) 5   10cos(5x – 3) A1

Award A1 for  2cos(5x – 3) 5 , even if 10 cos (5 x – 3) is not seen.

10 Accuracy of Answers

Candidates should NO LONGER be penalized for an accuracy error (AP).

If the level of accuracy is specified in the question, a mark will be allocated for giving the answer to
the required accuracy. When this is not specified in the question, all numerical answers should be
given exactly or correct to three significant figures. Please check work carefully for FT.

11 Crossed out work

If a candidate has drawn a line through work on their examination script, or in some other way
crossed out their work, do not award any marks for that work.
 –6– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

12 Calculators

A GDC is required, but calculators with symbolic manipulation features (for example, TI-89) are
not allowed.

Calculator notation
The Mathematics HL guide says:
Students must always use correct mathematical notation, not calculator notation.
Do not accept final answers written using calculator notation. However, do not penalize the
use of calculator notation in the working.

13 More than one solution

Where a candidate offers two or more different answers to the same question, an examiner should
only mark the first response unless the candidate indicates otherwise.
 –7– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Note: In question 1, accept answers that round correctly to 2 significant

figures.

1. (a) aX  bY  N  a 1  b 2 , a 2 12  b 2 22  A1A1

Note: A1 for N and the mean, A1 for the

variance.
[2 marks]

(b) (i) X1  Y1  N  5,34 (A1)(A1)

 P  X1  Y1  11  0.848 A1

(ii) 3X1  4Y1  N  9  8 , 9  9  16  25 (A1)(M1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct expectation, (M1)(A1) for correct

variance.
 N 17,481
 P  3X1  4Y1  15  0.536 A1

(iii) X1  X 2  Y1  Y2  Y3  Y4  N  6  8, 2  9  4  25 (A1)(A1)

 N 14,118
 P  X1  X 2  Y1  Y2  Y3  Y4  30  0.930 A1
[10 marks]

(c) consider X  Y (M1)

E X Y   3 2 1 A1
9 25
Var  X  Y    ( 10.75) (M1)A1
2 4
 P  X  Y  0   0.620 A1
[5 marks]

Total [17 marks]

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2. (a) Euler’s method with step length h  0.1 to find y when x  0.4

x y dy
h
dy
yh
dy
dx dx dx
0 2 5 0.5 2.5
0.1 2.5 4.2 0.42 2.92
0.2 2.92 3.7755 0.37755 3.29755
0.3 3.29755 3.49923 0.349923 3.64747
0.4 3.64747
Note: Accept 3 significant figures in the
table.
first line of table (M1)(A1)
line 2 (A1)
line 3 (A1)
hence y  3.65 A1

Note: Accept any answer that rounds to

3.65.
[5 marks]
dy
(b) (i) 5x  y   x  5y
dx
 dy  dy d2 y dy
 5     5 x  y  2
 1 5 M1A1A1
 dx  dx dx dx
Note: Award M1 for a valid attempt to differentiate, A1 for LHS, A1 for
RHS.
2
d2 y dy dy  dy 
5x  y  2  1  5  5   
dx dx dx  dx 
2
d2 y
 5 x  y  2  1   
dy
AG
dx  dx 
2
d2 y
 5 x  y  2  1   
dy
(ii)
dx  dx 
dy  d 2 y d3 y  dy   d y 
2

 5   2   5 x  y  3  2    2  M1A1A1A1
 dx  dx dx  dx   dx 
d3 y  dy   d y  d 2 y  dy   d 2 y 
2
 5 x  y  3  2    2   5 2     2 
dx  dx   dx  dx  dx   dx 
d3 y d2 y  dy   d y 
2
 5 x  y  3  5 2  3    2  AG
dx dx  dx   d x 

continued…
 –9– M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 2 continued

(iii) when x  0 y  2
dy
when x  0 5 A1
dx
d2 y
when x  0 2  12 A1
dx
d3 y
when x  0  120 A1
dx3
Note: Allow follow through from incorrect values of
derivatives.
y  2  5 x  6 x 2  20 x 3 M1A1
[12 marks]

Total [17 marks]

3. (a)

A2
[2 marks]

(b) (i) two vertices are of odd degree A1

to have an Eulerian circuit it must have all vertices of even degree R1
hence no Eulerian circuit, but an Eulerian trail AG

(ii) it allows Pauline to go through every door once (provided she starts in
room B or room E) A1
and she cannot return to the room in which she started A1
[4 marks]

(c) (i) for example: A  F  E  D  C  B  A A2

Note: Award A1 if the cycle does not return to the start
vertex.

(ii) she can visit every room once without repeating and return to the start A1
[3 marks]

(d) ZVYXUWZ A1
6  4  9  7  10  10  46 A1
[2 marks]

continued…
 – 10 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 3 continued

(e) attempt to find the minimal spanning tree (M1)

VY
VW
UX
XY A2

Note: Award A1 if one error

made.

Note: Accept correct drawing of minimal spanning

tree.
weight of minimal spanning tree  4  5  7  9  25 (A1)
since Z is removed, we add on VZ and ZY (M1)
hence lower bound for route is 25 13  38 A1
[6 marks]

Total [17 marks]

4. (a) (i)

A2

(ii)
– 11 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

A2
continued…
 – 12 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 4 continued

(iii)

A2
[6 marks]

(b) (i) the slope is the same everywhere A1

(ii) all points that have the same x coordinate have the same slope A1
[2 marks]

(c) this is where a straight line appears on the slope field A1

There is no other straight line, all the other solutions are curves A1
[2 marks]

dy
(d) given  f ( x, y ) , the isoclines are f ( x , y )  k (M1)
dx
here the isoclines are y  kx (or x  ky ) (A1)
any two differential equations of the correct form, for example
dy ky dy kx dy  y  dy  x
 ,  ,  sin  ,  sin   A1A1
dx x dx y dx  x  dx  y
[4 marks]

Total [14 marks]

 – 13 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

5. (a) A  4 ydx (M1)

x2 y 2
 1
a2 b2
b a2  x2
y (A1)
a
let x  a cos   y  b sin  M1
dx
  a sin  A1
d

when x  0 ,   . When x  a ,   0 A1
2
0
 A  4   b sin    a sin   d  M1
2
0
 A   4 ab  π sin 2  d 
2
0
 A   2 ab  π 1  cos 2  d  M1
2
0
 sin 2 
 A  2ab  
2  π
A1

2

 π 
 A  2ab 0  0    0   M1
 2 
 A  πab AG
[9 marks]

(b) (i) b2

hence 2πa  8π  a  4 A1
hence major axis lies along the x-axis A1

(ii) b 2  a 2 1  e 2  (M1)

3
4  16 1  e2   e  A1
2

(iii)  
coordinates of foci are  ae , 0  2 3, 0 , 2 3, 0  A1A1

a 8 8
(iv) equations of directrices are x    , A1A1
e 3 3
[8 marks]

continued…
 – 14 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 5 continued

3 5
(c) a  ,b  (A1)
2 2
4 4
 x  2    y  1  1
2 2
hence equation is M1A1
9 25
[3 marks]

Total [20 marks]

6. (a) a  e  20  a(mod100) (M1)

e  20(mod100) (A1)
e  80 A1
[3 marks]

(b) a  a 1  20  80(mod100) (M1)

inverse of a is 60  a(mod100) A1
[2 marks]

(c) 30 and 80 A1A1

[2 marks]

(d) a   b  c   a   b  c  20  (mod100)
 a  (b  c  20)  20(mod100) (M1)
 a  b  c(mod100) A1
 a  b    a  c    a  b  20    a  c  20  (mod 100) M1
 a  b  20  a  c  20  20(mod100)
 2a  b  c  20(mod100) A1
hence we have shown that a   b  c    a  b    a  c  R1
hence the operation  is not distributive over  AG
Note: Accept a counterexample.
[5 marks]

(e) 0,5,10,15... A1

1,4,11,14... A1

2,3,12,13... A1

6,9,16,19... A1

7,8,17,18... A1
[5 marks]

(f) for example 10 and 50, 20 and 40, 0 and 60… A2

[2 marks]

Total [19 marks]

 – 15 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

7. (a) (i)

h h
sin B  and sin C  M1A1
c b
hence h  c sin B  b sin C A1
by dropping a perpendicular from B, in exactly the same way we find
c sinA  a sin C R1
a b c
hence  
sin A sin B sin C

1
(ii) area  ah M1A1
2
1
 ab sin C AG
2

(iii)

since the angle at the centre of circle is twice the angle at the
a
circumference sin A  M1A1
2R
a a b c
hence  2 R and therefore    2R AG
sin A sin A sin B sin C

continued…
 – 16 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 7 continued

1
(iv) area of the triangle is ab sin C M1
2
c
since sin C  A1
2R
1 c abc
area of the triangle is ab  AG
2 2R 4R
[10 marks]

πR 2
(b) (i) area of the triangle is (M1)A1
6
 DE    EF  4R 2
2 2
M1

 DE   4 R 2   EF
2 2

1 πR 2 πR 2
 DE  EF     EF   M1A1
2 6 3  DE 
π2R4
 DE 
2
 4R2  A1
9  DE 
2

9  DE   36  DE  R 2  π 2 R 4  0
4 2
A1

36R2  1296R4  36π2 R4

 DE  
2
M1
18
36 R  6 R 36  π 2  6 R 2  R 2 36  π 2
2 2 
 DE 
2
   A1
18  3 
 

(ii)

A1A1
[11 marks]

continued…
 – 17 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 7 continued

(c)

Aˆ Cˆ  180 (cyclic quadrilateral) R1

however A ˆ Cˆ (ABCD is a parallelogram) R1
Aˆ Cˆ  90 A1
ˆ D
similarly B ˆ  90
hence ABCD is a rectangle AG
[3 marks]

Total [24 marks]

8. (a) (i) P( X  x)  pq x 1 for x  1, 2...


G(t )   t x pq x1 M1
x 1

 pt (tq)x1 A1
x1

 pt (1  tq  (tq) 2 ...) M1
pt
 AG
1  tq

(1  tq) p  pt (q)
(ii) G(t )  M1A1
(1  tq ) 2
E( X )  G(1) M1
(1  q) p  pq
 A1
(1  q) 2
1
 AG
p
[7 marks]

continued…
 – 18 – M18/5/FURMA/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Question 8 continued

(b) after 6 serves (3 serves each) we have ABBAAB

A serves B serves
3 wins 0 losses p1  3C3 p A3 q A0 3C0 pB3 qB0 M1A1
2 wins 1 loss p2  3C2 pA2 q1A 3C1 pB2 q1B A1
1 win 2 losses p3  C p q C p q
3 1 23
1 A A
1 2
2 B B A1
0 wins 3 losses p4  3C0 pA0 q3A 3C3 pB0 qB3 A1
since C0  C3 , C1  C2
3 3 3 3

2
x 3
 3
  p A   pB   q A   qB 
x x 3 x 3 x
  AG
x 0  x 
[5 marks]

(c) for N  2 serves are B, A respectively

P( N  2)  P( B wins twice)  P( A wins twice) (M1)
 0.6  0.3  0.4  0.7 A1
 0.46 A1
[3 marks]

1
(d) for M  N
2
P  M  1  P  N  2   pM M1
P  M  2  P  N  4
 game does not end after   game ends after  A1
 P  P   1  pM  pM
 first two serves   next two serves 
similarly P  M  3  1  pM  pM
2
(A1)
hence P  M  r   1  pM 
r 1
pM A1
hence M has a geometric distribution AG
P  M  1  P  N  2  pM  0.46 A1
1 1
hence E  M     2.174
p 0.46
E  N   E  2 M   2E  M  M1
 4.35 A1
[7 marks]

Total [22 marks]